Ixodes ricinus ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, Zootaxa 4871 (1), pp. 1-322 : 60-61

194. Ixodes ricinus ( Linnaeus, 1758) .

A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are found on Mammalia (several orders); larvae and nymphs are also commonly recovered from Passeriformes (several families) and Squamata : Lacertidae ; larvae have been collected from Squamata : Colubridae (Mendoza-Roldán & Colella 2019) . Ixodes ricinus is a very frequent parasite of humans.

M: De Geer (1778), under the name Acarus reduvius , a synonym of Ixodes ricinus , but see note below

F: Linnaeus (1758), under the name Acarus ricinus and given its current status in Latreille (1804)

N: Mégnin (1880), under the name Ixodes reduvius , a synonym of Ixodes ricinus , but see note below

L: Mégnin (1880), under the name Ixodes reduvius , a synonym of Ixodes ricinus , but see note below Redescriptions

M: Wheler (1906), Neumann (1911a) , Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Olenev (1931a), Pomerantzev (1950), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Walker A.R. et al. (2003), Estrada-Peña et al. (2004, 2017), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2010)

F: Wheler (1906), Neumann (1911a) , Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Olenev (1931a), Pomerantzev (1950), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Walker A.R. et al. (2003), Hillyard (1996), Lundqvist et al. (1998), Estrada-Peña et al. (2004, 2017), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2010)

N: Wheler (1906), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Dzhaparidze (1950b), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Filippova (1954a, 1958, 1977), Emchuk (1960), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Morel and Pérez (1977b), Cordas et al. (1993), Manilla and Iori (1993), Siuda (1993), Lundqvist et al. (1998), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017), Grigoryeva and Stanyukovich (2018)

L: Wheler (1906), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Dzhaparidze (1950b), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Filippova (1954a, 1958, 1977), Emchuk (1960), Sénevet and Ripert (1964, 1967a), Babos (1964), Feider (1965), Snow and Arthur (1970), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Morel and Pérez (1977a), Manilla and Iori (1992), Márquez et al. (1992), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Pérez-Eid (2007), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017), Grigoryeva and Stanyukovich (2018)

Note: the redescriptions above include morphological variations that raise the question of whether all the workers listed were redescribing the same species; for instance, Sénevet and Ripert (1964) state that larvae of Ixodes ricinus from Algeria have reduced dentition in relation to typical specimens. Several populations of Ixodes ricinus were recently described as a new species, Ixodes inopinatus , and names such as Ixodes rufus , Ixodes sulcatus and Ixodes sciuri , considered synonyms of Ixodes ricinus in the past, are now treated as nomina dubia in Guglielmone et al. (2015), following Estrada-Peña et al. (2014), because it is uncertain whether they are synonyms of Ixodes ricinus or Ixodes inopinatus . Some redescriptions under the name Ixodes ricinus may actually represent cryptic species; therefore, descriptions other than that of the female, and some of the redescriptions above, should be considered cautiously. This is especially relevant for the original descriptions because Ixodes ricinus has many synonyms (see the list in Guglielmone and Nava (2014) and Guglielmone et al. (2015)), and it is quite possible that descriptions of the male and immature stages of Ixodes ricinus were published before De Geer (1778) or Mégnin (1880), respectively. There are also several redescriptions of Ixodes ricinus under the name Ixodes reduvius , but none of these are included in the above lists. See Ixodes eldaricus and Ixodes frontalis for their confusion with Ixodes ricinus .