Ptychoptera tianmushana Shao & Kang, 2021

Shao, Jiaqi & Kang, Zehui, 2021, New species of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from Zhejiang, China with an updated key to Chinese species, ZooKeys 1070, pp. 87-99 : 87

Ptychoptera tianmushana Shao & Kang sp. nov.

Figures 2 , 3

Type material.

Holotype male (QAU), China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Mount Tianmushan, 2019.V.15, Xiao Zhang.

Diagnosis.

Wing marked with two brown bands. Epandrium bilobed, each lobe strongly elongated and forming a long surstylus, surstylus broadest at base, tapering and curved downward distally to middle, curving up at tip. Gonostylus with four projections and lobes. Hypandrium rectangular, posterior margin with a V-shaped projection bearing dense long hairs posteriorly, a triangular projection bearing dense short hairs laterally and a pair of elliptic projections bearing dense long hairs posteriorly.

Description.

Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 8.0 mm.

Head mostly dark brown, except gena yellow with a black elliptical spot intermediately; clypeus yellow; hairs on head dark brown. Compound eyes black without pubescence. Antenna with scape, pedicel and basal half of 1st flagellomere yellow, other flagellomeres light brown, hairs on antenna brown. Proboscis yellow with brown hairs. Palpus yellow with last segment light brown, hairs brown.

Thorax (Fig. 2b ). Pronotum yellow. Propleuron yellow. Mesonotum mostly dark brown with middle area of scutellum yellow and lower half of laterotergite yellow. Mesopleuron uniformly yellow. Coxae and trochanters yellow; fore femur yellow and gradually darkened apically; mid and hind femora yellow with brown ring apically; tibiae yellow with brown ring apically; 1st tarsomere yellow brown and gradually darkened apically, 2nd to 5th tarsomeres uniformly dark brown. Hairs on legs brown. Relative length of 1st to 5th tarsomeres in hind leg as 11.2: 2.8: 1.6: 1: 1. Wing (Fig. 2c ) 3.4 times as long as wide, subhyaline, marked with two brown bands as follows: median band broad and distinct, extending from basal part of cell r2+3 to fork of CuA; subapical band extending from anterior margin of wing, covering tip of R1 and R2, fork of R4+5, and extending to fork of M1+2, slightly separated into three marks. Veins brown; Sc ending in C not at level of basal third of R2+3; Rs straight, as long as r-m. Haltere and prehaltere pale yellow with brown hairs.

Abdomen. First tergum brown, 2nd tergum brown with middle quarter area yellow, 3rd and 4th terga pale yellow with caudal third brown, 5th to 7th terga uniformly brown. Sterna pale yellow. Hairs on abdomen brown.

Male genitalia yellow. Epandrium (Fig. 3b ) bilobed, each lobe strongly elongated and forming a long surstylus, surstylus broadest at base, tapering and curved downward distally to middle, curving up at tip, with brown hairs; proctiger with short hairs. Gonocoxite (Fig. 3c ) long and stout, 3 times as long as wide, basal apodeme two-thirds as long as gonocoxite; paramere with a pair of hook-shaped projections and a pair of conical projections. Gonostylus (Fig. 3c ) with four projections and lobes: a strong retrose basal projection on inner side with tip bilobate; a broad tongue-shaped lobe on middle area with several long hairs apically; a dumbbell-shaped apical lobe broad basally with uniformly short hairs, apical with dense short setae; an apical hooked projection with several long hairs. Hypandrium (Fig. 3d ) rectangular, anterior margin concaved medially, posterior margin with a V-shaped projection bearing dense long hairs posteriorly, a triangular projection bearing dense short hairs laterally and a pair of elliptic projections bearing dense long hairs posteriorly. Aedeagus (Fig. 3e, f ): subapical sclerite tongue-shaped, slightly caved bilaterally, apex of subapical sclerite round; subapical sclerite serrated with five teeth when viewed from lateral side.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution.

China (Zhejiang).

Etymology.

The species is named after the type locality Mount Tianmushan.

Remarks.

This new species is very similar to P. emeica from China but can be separated from it by the 6th and 7th sterna of abdomen being yellow, the tip of the surstylus being curved up when viewed from the lateral side, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side being bilobate, the paramere having a pair of hook-shaped projections and a pair of conical projections, and the subapical sclerite of aedeagus being serrated with five teeth. In P. emeica , the 6th and 7th sterna of abdomen are mostly brown, the tip of the surstylus is not curved up when viewed from the lateral side, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side is not bilobate, the paramere have a pair of slender L-shaped projections, and the subapical sclerite of aedeagus is serrated with two teeth ( Kang et al. 2019). In ecology, they live together with similar habitat. The adult of P. tianmushana was collected on the plants in close to streams and adults of P. emeica often found at the margins of streams or in wet forests. This new species is also similar to P. formosensis from China and Japan but can be separated from it by the 5th and 6th terga of abdomen being dark brown, the tip of the surstylus being curved up, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side being bilobate, the tip of gonostylus having a hook-shaped ventral lobe. In P. formosensis , the 5th and 6th terga of abdomen are mostly yellow, the tip of the surstylus is not curved up, the tip of the retrose basal projection on inner side is not bilobate, the tip of gonostylus have a digitiform ventral lobe ( Alexander 1924; Nakamura and Saigusa 2009).

Figures

Figure 2. Ptychoptera tianmushana sp. nov. a habitus of male, lateral view b thorax, dorsal view c wing. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (a); 0.5 mm (b); 1.0 mm (c).

Figure 3. Ptychoptera tianmushana sp. nov. a male genitalia, lateral view b epandrium, dorsal view c gonocoxite and gonostylus, dorsal view d hypandrium, ventral view e aedeagus, anterior view f aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.