Typoderini, Voss, 1965

Hlaváč, Peter, 2020, Review of the tribe Typoderini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Caucasus with the description of a new species of Caulomorphus from Armenia, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 60 (2), pp. 629-638 : 630

Typoderini

Typoderina Voss, 1965: 343 (as a subtribe of Liparini Latreille, 1828 ).

Typoderina: Aඅඈඇඌඈ-ZൺඋൺඓൺǤൺ & Lඒൺඅ (1999): 196 (catalogue; as a subtribe of Molytini Schönherr, 1823 ).

Typoderini : Lඒൺඅ (2014): 552 (diagnosis); Aඅඈඇඌඈ-ZൺඋൺඓൺǤൺ (2013): 496 (catalogue); Aඅඈඇඌඈ-ZൺඋൺඓൺǤൺ (2017): 490 (catalogue).

Anchonidium -group: ZΗൾඋංർΗංඇ (1987): 38 (diagnosis).

Diagnosis. Body length usually below 10 mm (less than 6 mm for west Palaearctic taxa). Eyes variable in size, from large ( Adexius Schönherr, 1834 , Pseudaparopion Borovec, Osella & Zuppa, 2002 ), smaller ( Anchonidium Bedel, 1884 ), reduced to single ommatidium ( Caulomorphus Faust, 1886 ) or completely absent (cavernicolous genera Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & García, 1999 and Oromia Alonso-Zarazaga, 1987 ). If eyes present, they are positioned on head capsule at base of rostrum. Head sculptured, with strong punctation, sometimes with carinae, strongly and deeply retracted into prothorax so that anterior margin of prothorax seems much wider than visible part of head. Rostrum not separated from head capsule by transverse constriction or furrow, curved downwards, scrobe visible dorsally. Antennae inserted near apex of rostrum, scape pedunculate, reaching or not reaching anterior margin of eyes, funicule with 5–7 antennomeres, club well-defined, well-separated from funicule, its basal antennomere long, considerably longer than two following ones.

Sexual dimorphism. All studied genera have clear sexual dimorphism on all tibiae ( Figs 3a–f ). In males tibiae are simple, with sharp uncus, lacking premucro while in females in front of uncus there is always well-defined premucro. Ventrites 1 and 2 in males shallowly depressed.

Distribution. The centres of the diversity of the tribe are in the western part of the Palaearctic Region, especially in Turkey, Caucasus, the Near East, and in the Afrotropical Region, where many species are waiting for description, especially in mountain regions, especially in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. The tribe is also present in China and Japan but so far unrecorded in the New World and Australia.

Biology. Members of the tribe as currently defined are edaphic or subterranean weevils, some known only from caves, but the majority of the genera are typical litter dwellers in well-protected temperate, subtropical or tropical deciduous forests.

Figures

Fig. 3. Adexius scrobipennis Gyllenhal, 1834: a – left foreleg, male; b – left midleg, male; c – left hindleg, male; d – left foreleg, female; e – left midleg, female; f – left hindleg, female; g – aedeagus, dorsal view; h – aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.