Nocarodes

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 189-191

Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Nocarodes

1 Apical valves of penis regularly narrowing, pointed at apex; posterior margin in lateral view at most slightly concave; preapical part compressed antero-posteriorly ( Figs. 82 a–89a).......................................................2

- Apical valves of penis distinctly swollen and widened in preapical part, blunt at apex; posterior margin in lateral view dis-

tinctly incised ( Figs. 90 a, 775, 776)................................................. ( N. iranicus sp. group)...16 2 Apical valves of penis small and very slender, their ventral margins turn to lateral sides, preapical part strongly compressed antero-posteriorly ( Figs. 82 a–88a); body of variable size, but relatively slender ( Figs. 783 , 805 ); hind tibia with 8–9 inner spines; fastigium of vertex elongated ( Fig. 745 )............................................................ 3

- Apical valves of penis large and stout, their ventral margins not turn to lateral sides, compressed antero-posteriorly along its length ( Fig. 89 a); body small and clearly stouter ( Figs. 808–809 ); hind tibia with 8 inner spines; fastigium of vertex short and wide ( Fig. 746 )..................................................................( N. aserbus sp. group)...15

3 Body relatively stouter and large ( Figs. 782–783, 786–795 ); hind femur with a very distinct preapical notch, dorsal margin well developed, distinctly raised before the notch ( Fig. 747 ); if preapical notch weak then body clearly larger; phallic complex large ( Figs. 82–85 ); hind tibia with 8–9 inner spines; mesosternal lobes in male not triangular ( Fig. 748 )................................................................................................( N. serricollis sp. group)...4

- Body very slender and relatively small; hind femur with a weak preapical notch, dorsal margin not raised before the notch ( Fig. 749 ); phallic complex very small ( Figs. 86–88 ); hind tibia with 9 inner spines; mesosternal lobes in male triangular ( Fig. 750 )............................................................................... ( N. znojkoi sp. group)...13

4 Hind femur with well developed dorsal margin, distinctly raised just before preapical notch which is very distinct and deep ( Fig. 751 )...........................................................................................5

- Hind femur with low dorsal margin, preapical notch clearly weaker ( Fig. 752 ).................................... 9

5 Frontal ridge distinctly incised just below the median ocellus ( Fig. 753 ); fastigium of vertex more horizontal, slightly sloping; found in S. of Caucasia............................................................................... 6

- Frontal ridge slightly incised just below the median ocellus ( Fig. 754 ); fastigium of vertex more sloping; found in N. of Caucasia................................................................................................ 7

6 Body stout and large; pronotal carinae blunt and low; slightly depressed between the median and lateral carinae ( Fig. 782 ); dorsal margin of hind femur developed along the proximal part, not raised just before preapical notch ( Fig. 755 ); pseudolophi on epiphallus large and very close each other, sometimes fused in the middle ( Fig. 82 c); male phallic complex as in Fig. 82 a, b, c; found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan and E . Turkey.................................. N. serricollis (F.-W.)

- Body slender and small; pronotal carinae very sharp and raised; strongly depressed between the median and lateral carinae ( Fig. 784 ); dorsal margin of hind femur sharply developed, strongly raised just before preapical notch ( Fig. 751 ); pseudolophi on epiphallus small and clearly seperated, never fused ( Fig. 83 c); male phallic complex as in Fig. 83 a, b, c; found in Georgia and Azerbaijan .................................................................. .. N. sanctidavidi (Shugurov)

7 Hind femur short and broad, dorsal margin sharp, raised just before preapical notch ( Fig. 756 ); median carina of pronotum in female clearly raised and convex, posterior end sharply projected in lateral view ( Fig. 791 ); abdominal tergites more raised; inner and ventral surface of hind femur and hind tibia bright black............................. N. geniculatus Uvarov

- Hind femur long and narrow, dorsal margin blunt, slightly raised just before preapical notch ( Fig. 757 ); median carina of pronotum in female slightly convex or straighter, posterior end blunt, not projected in lateral view ( Figs. 787–788 ); abdominal tergites less raised.................................................................................... 8

8 Female vertex strongly swollen, fastigium of vertex strongly depressed ( Fig. 758 ); pronotum almost straight in lateral view ( Fig. 758 ); inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black, hind tibia blackish-grey.... N. daghestanicus loripes Mistshenko

- Female vertex slightly swollen, fastigium of vertex slightly depressed ( Fig. 759 ); pronotum convex in lateral view ( Fig. 759 ); inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black with red stains, hind tibia reddish-orange.................................................................................................. N. daghestanicus daghestanicus Uvarov

9 Hind femur stout, proximal part wide, dorsal margin finely serrated and relatively sinuous especially in male, preapical notch more distinct ( Figs. 760–761 )......................................................................... 10

- Hind femur slender, proximal part narrow and long, dorsal margin almost smooth and not sinuous, preapical notch quite weak ( Fig. 762 )......................................................................................... 12

10 Fastigium of vertex acute in anterior part, sharply connected to frontal ridge; frontal ridge strongly projecting just above the median ocellus ( Figs. 763, 765 ); eye in male large, its transversal diameter distinctly greater than vertex between the eyes and clearly wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view ( Figs. 763, 765 ); pronotal and abdominal carinae sharp; abdominal tergites with small posterior projection ( Figs. 794– 797 )................................... 11

- Fastigium of vertex less acute in anterior part, roundly connected to frontal ridge; frontal ridge not projecting just above the median ocellus ( Figs. 764, 766 ); eye in male small, its transversal diameter smaller than vertex between the eyes and slightly wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view ( Figs. 764, 766 ); pronotal and abdominal carinae much blunter; abdominal tergites without posterior projection ( Figs. 792–793 ) (in male, inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur reddish-black; hind tibia pale black in proximal part, turning to red in apical 1/3; tarsus red; in female, inner surface of hind femur pale black, turning to body color apically; ventral surface body color, its inner half slightly blackish and slightly reddish basally; hind tibia dark bluish-green with yellowish spines)........................ N. corrugatus Mistshenko

11 Inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; hind tibia dark greyish-black in both sexes.................................................................................................... N. scabiosus scabiosus Mistshenko

- Inner surfaces of hind femur black, its dorsal margin body color, inner half of ventral surface black in female, reddish in male, its outer half body color; hind tibia in male yellowish-cream turning to light red in apical half, in female proximal part blue turning to red in apical 1/4 including spines; tarsus red........................... N. scabiosus Mistshenkoi Descamps

12 Body surface blackened without typical light band on abdomen in male ( Fig. 767 ); inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur, hind tibia and tarsus completely black; pronotal and abdominal carinae and tubercles blunt ( Fig. 800–801 ); frontal ridge wide, lateral margins blunt, not projecting forwards in lateral view; male phallic complex as in Fig. 85 a, b, c N. pullus (Mistshenko)

- Body of various shades of brown, with distinct typical light band on abdomen in male ( Fig. 768 ); inner and ventral surfaces of

hind femur black with some reddish stains; hind tibia in male yellowish in basal half turning to orange-red in distal part, in female bluish in proximal part turning to red distally including spines; tarsus red in both sexes; pronotal and abdominal carinae and tubercles distinctly sharper ( Fig. 798 ); frontal ridge narrow with sharp lateral margins, projecting farwards just above the median ocellus in lateral view; male phallic complex as in Fig. 84 a, b, c.................... N. balachowskyi Descamps 13 Median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 769 ) (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black in both sexes; hind tibia pale black or reddish black turning to red at apex in male, blue or greenish turning to red at apex in female; tarsus red); male phallic complex as in Fig. 88 a, b, c; found in the Elburs Mts., N. Iran.......... N. ebneri Ramme

- Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 770 )............................................ 14

14 Inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur pale black or slightly reddish; hind tibia yellowish light orange in male, blue or greenish-blue with yellow spines in female; male phallic complex as in Fig. 86 a, b, c...................... N. znojkoi Miram

- Inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black, outer half of ventral surface body color; inner surface of hind tibia pale black with dirty yellowish spines, dorsal surface dark greenish-blue or blackish; male phallic complex as in Fig. 87 a, b, c........................................................................................... N. nanus Mistshenko

15 Median carina of pronotum in female raised, clearly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 808 ); mesosternal interspace narrower than mesosternal lobes ( Fig. 771 ); inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; inner surface of hind tibia black, dorsal surface greyish-blue....................................................................... N. aserbus Mistshenko

- Median carina of pronotum in female straighter in lateral view ( Fig. 811 ); mesosternal interspace as wide as mesosternal lobes in female ( Fig. 772 ); inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur pale black, ventral surface slightly reddish in female; inner surface of hind tibia black or strongly dark bluish in male, black turning to dark blue dorsally in female; male phallic complex as in Fig. 89 a, b, c..................................................................... N. nodosus Mistshenko

16 Dorsal margin of genicular lobe of hind femur raised, with sharp teeth ( Fig. 773 ) (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; inner surface of hind tibia black, dorsal surface grey like the is body color). Male unknown... N. crispus Mistshenko

- Dorsal margin of genicular lobe of hind femur low, without sharp teeth ( Fig. 774 )................................ 17

17 Arch of zygoma elongated, extending far beyond the posterior lobes of zygoma; apex of penis reaching to the level of arch of zygoma, its preapical part strongly widened and touching to the arch of zygoma ( Fig. 776 ) (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur and tibia black)............................................................................... 18

- Arch of zygoma very short and wide; apex of penis not reaching to the level of arch of zygoma, its preapical part slightly widened and not touching to the arch of zygoma ( Fig. 775 ) (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur and tibia black)............................................................................................. N. urmianus Ramme

18 Female body small, compressed laterally; pronotum between the median and lateral carinae strongly sloping ( Fig. 777 ); preapical notch of hind femur very shallow (see Ramme, 1951: 291, Abb. 80, fig. 4), inner surface of hind femur blackish-grey, ventral surface dirty yellowish-grey; hind tibia and tarsus blackish-grey ( Ramme, 1951). Male unknown.................................................................................................. N. keredjensis (Werner)

- Female body large, depressed dorso-ventrally; pronotum between the median and lateral carinae depressed, slightly sloping ( Fig. 778 ); preapical notch of hind femur much more distinct ( Fig. 780 )........................................ 19

19 Arch of zygoma narrow, slightly raised and U-shaped basally ( Fig. 90 a, b); anterior margin of pronotum in female strongly narrowed ( Fig. 779 ); female hind femur as in Fig. 780 ; male phallic complex as in Fig. 90 a, b, c (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; hind tibia black in male, black or blue turning to blue or greenish dorsally, rarely pink inner side of dorsal surface)............................................................................ N. iranicus (Werner)

- Arch of zygoma not raised and V-shaped basally ( Fig. 776 ); anterior margin of pronotum in female slightly narrowed ( Fig. 781 ); female hind femur as in Fig. 774 (inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; hind tibia dark bluish-green)....................................................................................... N. humerosus Mistshenko

Figures

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 782 – 795. Habitus. 782 – 783 Nocarodes serricollis, 782 male; 783 female holotype. 784 – 785 Nocarodes sanctidavidi, 784 male; 785 female. 786 – 787 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, 786 male paratype; 787 female holotype. 788 – 789 Nocarodes daghestanicus loripes, 788 female holotype; 789 ditto dorsal. 790 – 791 Nocarodes geniculatus, 790 male paratype; 791 female holotype. 792 – 793 Nocarodes corrugatus, 792 male; 793 female holotype. 794 – 795 Nocarodes scabiosus scabiosus, 794 male holotype; 795 female allotype.

FIGURES 796 – 809. Habitus. 796 – 797 Nocarodes scabiosus mistshenkoi, 796 male paratype; 797 female paratype. 798 – 799 Nocarodes balachowskyi, 798 male paratype; 799 female paratype. 800 – 801 Nocarodes pullus, 800 male holotype; 801 ditto dorsal. 802 – 803 Nocarodes znojkoi, 802 male holotype; 803 female allotype. 804 – 805 Nocarodes nanus, 804 male; 805 female holotype. 806 – 807 Nocarodes ebneri, 806 male holotype, mirror view; 807 female allotype. 808 – 809 Nocarodes aserbus, 808 female holotype; 809 ditto dorsal.

FIGURES 743 – 759. Habitus and body parts. 743 – 744 Araxiana woronowi, 743 male, mirror view; 744 female. 745 – 746 female fastigium of vertex, 745 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 746 Nocaodes nodosus. 747 – 748 Nocarodes serricollis, male, 747 hind femur; 748 mesosternal lobes. 749 – 750 Nocarodes znojkoi, male, 749 hind femur; 750 mesosternal lobes. 751 – 752 female hind femur, 751 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 752 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 753 – 754 frons, lateral view, 753 Nocarodes serricollis, holotype; 754 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 755 – 757 female hind femur, 755 Nocarodes serricollis; 756 Nocarodes geniculatus, holotype; 757 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 758 – 759 female vertex and pronotum, lateral view, 758 Nocarodes daghestanicus loripes; 759 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus.

FIGURES 760 – 781. Body parts and habitus. 760 – 762 male hind femur, 760 Nocarodes corrugatus; 761 Nocarodes scabiosus mistshenkoi; 762 Nocarodes pullus. 763 – 764 male head lateral, 763 Nocarodes scabiosus mistshenkoi; 764 Nocarodes corrugatus. 765 – 766 male head dorsal, 765 Nocarodes scabiosus mistshenkoi; 766 Nocarodes corrugatus. 767 – 768 male habitus dorsal, 767 Nocarodes pullus; 768 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 769 – 770 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in female, 769 Nocarodes ebneri; 770 Nocarodes znojkoi, without sulcus. 771 – 772 female mesosternum, 771 Nocarodes aserbus, holotype; 772 Nocarodes nodosus. 773 – 774 female hind femur, 773 Nocarodes crispus, paratype; 774 Nocarodes humerosus. 775 – 776 posterior part of phallus, 775 Nocarodes urmianus; 776 Nocarodes humerosus. 777 Nocarodes keredjensis, female holotype pronotum; 778 – 780 Nocarodes iranicus, female holotype, 778 pronotum; 779 ditto dorsal; 780 ditto hind femur. 781 Nocarosed humerosus, female holotype pronotum, dorsal view.

FIGURES 810 – 823. Habitus. 810 – 811 Nocarodes nodosus, 810 male holotype; 811 female. 812 – 813 Nocarodes crispus, 812 female holotype; 813 ditto dorsal. 814 – 815 Nocarodes keredjensis, 814 female holotype; 815 ditto dorsal. 816 – 817 Nocarodes iranicus, 816 male (paratype of N. specialis); 817 female holotype. 818 – 819 Nocarodes humerosus, 818 male; 819 female holotype. 820 – 821 Nocarodes urmianus, 820 male holotype; 821 female allotype. 822 – 823 Bufonocarodes robustus, 822 male holotype; 823 female allotype.