Haplotropiidini Sergeev, 1995

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 59

Tribus: Haplotropiidini Sergeev, 1995

Sergeev 1995: 38(2): 216. Type genus. Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 .

Remarks. The taxonomic place of the genus Haplotropis Saussure is not clear. It was described in the present subfamily Thrinchinae (= Batrochotetriginae) ( Saussure 1888: 125). Adelung (1910) gave it in the subfamily Pamphaginae (sensu Uvarov 1943). Uvarov (1943: 21) considered the Pamphagidae as a subfamily and divided it into 9 tribes. According to Uvarov (1943: 21) “future studies may show that it belongs to a tribe of its own, but for the time being it is best left in the Pamphagini , with which it agrees in the structure of vertex, while differing in this respect from the Thrinchini .” Sergeev (1995) erected the tribe “ Haplotropini ” after the only genus Haplotropis . According to Sergeev (1995) the genus Haplotropis is similar to Pamphagini in the structures of vertex and pronotum, but it is also similar to Thrinchini by the second anal vein of the hind wing is curved, thickened and well developed. Zhang et al. (2003: 220) included it to the subfamily Pamphaginae . Storozhenko & Paik (2011) acknowledged that in a previous paper dated 2007, they mistakenly included the genus Haplotropis in Thrinchinae and moved it in the subfamily Pamphaginae , due to the structure of fastigium of vertex, the arch-like median carina of pronotum, the presence of a few tubercles on the upper side of hind tibia; from Pamphaginae by the short apical valves of penis and the semi-bridge shaped epiphallus. I fully agree with Storozhenko & Paik (2011) that the most important character is the structure of male genitalia. The male genitalia of Haplotropis is much more in agreement with Thrinchinae ( Figs. 1–2 ) rather than Pamphaginae ( Figs. 3–5 ). As it is given in the subfamily key above, the tumida of cingulum and the dorsal valves of cingulum are present in Haplotropis (and Thrinchinae ) which surrounds the apical valves of penis laterally (both absent in Pamphaginae ), the rami is bordered by a narrow white band dorso-posteriorly in Haplotropis (and Thrinchinae ) ( Figs. 1–2 ). The apical valves of penis and aedeagus are variable in both subfamilies ( Figs. 6–30 and 32–92 ). The presence of dorsal tubercles of the mid tibia is a character of the Thrinchinae as well. The semi-bridge shaped epiphallus is similar to the genera of Thrinchinae found in China and Mongolia such as Filchnerella , Eotmethis , Beybienkia , Mongolotmethis . Besides, the inner-ventral margin of hind femur without any spine or tubercle, completely smooth in Haplotropis as in all Thrinchinae (all Pamphaginae except the tribe Tropidauchenini and several specimens of N. African Pamphaginae , with distict small spines or tubercles), the very large arch of zygoma covered by a thin membrane (very narrow and small in Pamphaginae ), the curved and thickened second anal vein are very important characters also fully agree with Thrinchinae . In addition, the distributional areas of Pamphaginae , Thrinchinae and Haplotropis and the biogeographical history of the both subfamilies given by La Greca (1999) support the separate state of Haplotropis from the subfamily Pamphaginae . It is a fact that the fastigium of vertex and pronotum are similar with the members of Pamphaginae , but these external characters probably represent a secondary adaptation to its home range, and are tribal characters distinguished from Thrinchini (see key to tribes of Thrinchinae ). Because of the reasons given above it is concluded that the tribe Haplotropiidini with its only genus Haplotropis is here considered a member of the subfamily Thrinchinae .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Male phallic complexes in 5 tribes. A phallus lateral, B phallus dorsal, C epiphallus. 1 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus (Thrinchini); 2 Haplotropis brunneriana (Haplotropiidini); 3 Orchamus massai (Pamphagini); 4 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera (Tropidauchenini); 5 Paranocarodes beieri (Nocarodeini). Abbreviations: a: apodemes; abvp: apical end of basal valves of penis; ae: aedeagus; an: ancorae; ana: apical notch of apodemes; ap: anterior projection; avp: apical valves of penis; az: arch of zygoma; bvp: basal valves of penis; dvc: dorsal valves of cingulum; lasp: lateral aperture of sheath of penis; p: pseudolophi; plp: postero-lateral projection; plz: posterior lobes of zygoma; pmp: postero-median projection; rc: rami of cingulum; sp: sheath of penis; tc: tumida of cingulum; tz: tumida of zygoma; wb: white band; z: zygoma.

FIGURES 6 – 16. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 6 Prionotropis maculinervis; 7 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera; 8 Eremopeza festiva; 9 Eremopeza saussurei saussurei; 10 Eremopeza kashmirensis; 11 Eremopeza soltanii; 12 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi; 13 Eremotmethis carinatus; 14 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii; 15 Eremocharis granulosa granulosa; 16 Tuarega insignis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 17 – 31. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 17 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus); 18 Atrichtmethis semenovi; 19 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis; 20 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus; 21 Glyphanus obtusus; 22 Asiotmethis limbatus; 23 Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi; 24 Utubius syriacus; 25 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 26 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus; 27 Filchnerella beicki; 28 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis; 29 Beybienkia lithophila; 30 Eotmethis nasutus; 31 Haplotropis brunneriana. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 32 – 43. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 32 Prionosthenus gueleni; 33 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus; 34 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 35 Orchamus yersini yersini; 36 Orchamus massai; 37 Paracinipe zebrata; 38 Tropidauchen escalerai; 39 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle; 40 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera; 41 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi; 42 Paranocarodes straubei; 43 Paranocarodes fieberi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 44 – 54. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 44 Paranocarodes karabagi; 45 Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi; 46 Paranpcarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus; 47 Paranocarodes chopardi; 48 Paranocarodes turkmen; 49 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 50 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas; 51 Paranocarodes brevipes; 52 Paranocarodes lubricus; 53 Paranocarodes beieri; 54 Ebnerodes toelgi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 55 – 68. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 55 Paranothrotes sulcatus; 56 Paranothrotes opacus opacus; 57 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis; 58 Paranothrotes gotvendicus; 59 Paranothrotes tenuicornis; 60 Paranothrotes margaritae; 61 Paranothrotes siirt; 62 Pseudonothrotes levis; 63 Eunothrotes derjugini; 64 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 65 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi; 66 Nocaracris tunceli; 67 Nocaracris tardus; 68 Nocaracris emirdagi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).