Selenops bullerengue, Crews & Galvis & Torres & Gutiérrez-Estrada & Sarmiento & Esposito, 2021

Crews, Sarah C., Galvis, William, Torres, Richard A., Gutiérrez-Estrada, Miguel A., Sarmiento, Jessica & Esposito, Lauren A., 2021, The flattie spiders of the Selenops isopodus species group (Araneae: Selenopidae) with a review of Selenops records from Colombia, Zootaxa 4964 (1), pp. 61-82 : 69-75

Selenops bullerengue sp. nov. Crews, Torres, Galvis

Figs 16–17 , 26, 29 , 36–37, 40 , 43, 46, 49 , 51, 55

Type material: Holotype: female, Hacienda El Huerto , Finca de Ovi, Turbaco, 102 m [10°22’19”N, 75°20’58.8”W, Bolivar, Colombia], 7 January 2017, M. Gutiérrez ( ICN-Ar-12898 ).

Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype ( ICN-Ar-12899 ) .

Other material examined. COLOMBIA: Bolivar: 1♀, 2♂, same data as holotype ( ICN-Ar-12900 ) . Atlantico: 1♂, Piojó, Aguas Vivas Ecopark, Tikun , 10°44’47.03”N, 75°5’37.94”W, 10 September 2017, 20:00, dry forest, corteza de arbol/on tree, R.A. Torres ( MZUSU) . Sucre: 1♂ El Roble, Estación Biologica Tierra Santa , 9°06’8.23”N, 75°11’42.08”W, 15 January 2018, 16:00, sabanas/savanna, debajo tronco en descomposición/under decomposing trunk, R.A. Torres ( MZUSU) ; 1♂, Sincelejo, Institución Educativa Rafael Nuñez , 9°16’14.13”N, 75°24’37.41”W, 16 August 2018, 12:00, zona urbanizada/urban area, pared de edificación/wall of building, R.A. Torres ( MZUSU) .

Etymology. The specific epithet comes from “bullerengue”, a type of cumbia music and dance traditionally performed by women from Afro-descendant/Maroon communities of the Colombian Caribbean where the new species has been found; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Females of S. bullerengue sp. nov. can be differentiated by the copulatory ducts, which form an oval and do not extend to the edges of the epigynal plate posteriorly ( Figs 26, 29 , 55 ). When the genitalia is viewed caudally, the spermathecae and ducts visible through the integument resemble commas ( Fig. 55 ). Males of the new species can be distinguished by the wide base of the dRTA ( Fig. 37 ). Also, the tegulum abruptly protrudes basally, and the tip of the conductor is a large, unsclerotized rectangle with sclerotized bifurcate branches—one pointed and one hook shaped ( Figs 36 , 43, 46, 49 , 51 ).

Description. Female (holotype):

Color ( Fig. 16 ). Carapace brownish yellow with dark markings; sternum yellowish, dark around border; chelicerae brownish yellow with dark markings anteriorly and anteromedially, extending the length of the chelicerae; maxillae yellowish brown, lightening distally; labium brown, lightening distally; abdomen yellowish gray with some white flecks, with dark markings medially that widen and contract in the upper and lower third, dark flecks extend laterally from the central area, dark festoon on abdomen posteriorly, ALS and PLS darkened dorsolaterally; abdomen ventrally grayish yellow, dark laterally; legs yellowish tan with dark annulations on all leg segments; speckles on effectively ventral surface (prolateral) of pt and ti I and II.

Prosoma. Carapace 0.90 times longer than broad; clypeus height 0.15.

Eyes. AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye diameters, AME 0.22, ALE 0.12, PME 0.29, PLE 0.38; interdistances AME-PME 0.10, PME-ALE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.41, PME-PME 1.34, ALE-ALE 1.79, AME-AME 0.66 PLE-PLE 2.31.

Sternum. 0.93 times as long as wide, posteriorly indented.

Mouthparts. Chelicerae with uniformly distributed setae; maxillae longer than broad with conspicuous setal tuft distally; labium distally rounded.

Pedipalp. Fm, spination 0-1-3; claw with 8 teeth.

Opisthosoma. With terminal setal tufts.

Epigyne ( Fig. 26 ). MF weakly sclerotized, rounded to subrectangular, rounded anteriorly, more squared-off posteriorly; COs located anterolaterally; EPs contiguous, with large hoods.

Endogyne ( Fig. 29 ). CDs located laterally, extending basolaterally, then medially, forming an oval dorsal MF between them, before wrapping around themselves dorsally, connecting to SS, then PS; PS round, located medially; PF does not completely cover PS; FDs long, extend anterolaterally.

Legs. leg formula 231-(leg IV missing); scopulae present on Ta and Mt I and II and the tip of Ta III; Ta I–IV with strong claw tufts; prolateral claws with several teeth that gradually increase in size distally; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1-1-0, d 1-1-1, rt 1-0-1; Ti 2-2-2; Mt 2-2; leg II, Fm pr 1-0-0, d 1-1-1, rt 1-0-1; Ti 2-2-2; Mt 2-2; leg III, Fm pr 1-0-0, d 1-1-1, rt 0-0-1; Ti 2-2; Mt 2-2; leg IV, missing.

Measurements. Total length 7.96. Carapace length 3.43. Carapace width 3.81. Sternum length 1.85. Sternum width 1.72. Abdomen length 4.53. Abdomen width 3.61. Pedipalp: Fm 0.82, Pt 0.63, Ti 0.70, Ta 0.89, total 3.04. Leg I: Fm 3.40, Pt 1.26, Ti 2.59, Mt 2.44, Ta 1.32, total 11.01; Leg II: Fm 4.01, Pt 1.33, Ti 3.06, Mt 2.46, Ta 1.37, total 12.23; Leg III: Fm 4.14, Pt 1.06, Ti 2.99, Mt 2.61, Ta 1.38, total 12.18; Leg IV: missing.

Description. Male (paratype):

Color ( Fig. 17 ). Carapace yellowish brown with darker marks; sternum yellowish tan, dark around border; chelicerae yellowish brown with two short, dark lines extending about half the length of the chelicerae, and two longer and wider dark lines extending the entire length; maxillae yellowish gray, darkening distally; labium tan; abdomen dorsally grayish with a dark medial line, dark patches on either side, darker laterally, spinnerets with dark spots laterally; abdomen ventrally grayish yellow; legs yellowish brown with annulations.

Prosoma. 0.80 times longer than broad; clypeus height 0.13.

Eyes. AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye diameters, AME 0.19, ALE 0.14, PME 0.27, PLE 0.42; interdistances AME-PME 0.13, PME-ALE 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.49, PME-PME 1.41, ALE-ALE 1.89, AME-AME 0.69 PLE-PLE 2.43.

Sternum. 0.83 times as long as wide, posteriorly indented.

Mouthparts. Chelicerae with more setae medially and laterally than anteriorly; maxillae longer than broad with conspicuous setal tuft distally; labium distally rounded.

Pedipalps ( Figs 36–37, 40 , 43, 46, 49 , 51 ). Fm, spination 0-1-4. Cymbium subtriangular, rounded prolaterally, extending to an angular projection retrolaterally; C arising medially, weakly sclerotized basally, becoming more sclerotized distally, slightly widening, tapering toward tip, tip is an unsclerotized rectangle with sclerotized bifurcate branches, one pointed and one hook shaped; E arising from T that protrudes basally with a prominent retrolateral indentation, beginning around 6 or 7 o’clock and ending at about 1 o’clock, tapering gradually distally, somewhat angular and flat, slightly twisted about halfway; MA located at about 3 o’clock, wider at base, tapering distally to small hook, becoming more sclerotized distally; RTA with two branches, in ventral view vRTA is narrow, slightly curved, knife blade shaped, the dorsal branch has a large tooth basally making the base of the dRTA appear wide, dRTA tapering distally to a point.

Opisthosoma. With terminal setal tufts.

Legs. Leg formula 2341; scopulae distally on Ta I and II, sparse; Ta I–IV with strong claw tufts; prolateral claws I–IV with at least 12 teeth increasing in size distally; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1-1-1, d 1-1-1, rt 1-1-1; Ti v 2-2-2, pr 1-1, rt 1-1; Mt 2-2; leg II, Fm pr 1-1-1, d 1-1-1, rl 1-1-1; Ti v 2-2-2, pr 1-1, rt 1-1; Mt 2-2; leg III, Fm pr 1-1-1, d 1- 1-1, rt 1-1-1; Ti v 2-2, pr 1-1, rt 1-1; Mt 2-2; leg IV, Fm pr 1-1-1, d 1-1-1, rt 1-1-1; Ti v 2-2, pr 1-1, rt 1-1; Mt 2-2.

Measurements. Total length 8.02. Carapace length 3.56 Carapace width 4.47. Sternum length 1.61. Sternum width 1.33. Abdomen length 4.46. Abdomen width 3.55. Pedipalp: Fm 1.01, Pt 0.58, Ti 0.52, Ta 1.13 total 3.24. Leg I: Fm 3.46, Pt 0.98, Ti 3.66, Mt 1.95, Ta 1.65, total 11.71; Leg II: Fm 4.50, Pt 1.27, Ti 4.15, Mt 3.61, Ta 1.75, total 15.28; Leg III: Fm 4.48, Pt 1.51, Ti 3.61 Mt 3.56, Ta 1.66, total 14.83 Leg IV: Fm 4.15, Pt 1.37, Ti 3.66, Mt 2.93, Ta 1.46, total 13.56.

Distribution. Northwestern Colombia, Caribbean coast ( Fig. 60 ).

Life history and habitat preferences. This species has been collected in savannah habitat, urban areas, and dry forest, under decomposing logs, on walls of buildings, and on trees. Males have been found in January, July, August, September, and females have been collected in January.

Figures

FIGURE 60. Map shows all known records of selenopids in Colombia (Col = Colombia; Ven = Venezuela; A = Aruba; B = Bonaire; C = Curaçao; pink square = S. arikok; yellow squares = S. isopodus; green squares = S. curazao; blue squares = S. bullerengue sp. nov.; white squares = member of isopodus group, but unclear which species; white diamond = undetermined juvenile; white diamond with orange border = a species for which we do not have adults, but it is clearly distinct; green circles = S. mexicanus; black circles = S. cocheleti; orange circles = S. curruganja; blue circles = S. geraldinae; red circle = S. lavillai.) Orange area indicates Cordillera Oriental as defined by Google Earth and references provided in the text.

FIGURES 7–17. Members of the Selenops isopodus species group. 7 Holotype female of S. arikok (EME sel_068) from Arikok National Park, Aruba; 8 Paratype female of S. curazao (MCZ 44835) from the Piscadera Baai building, Curaçao, Netherlands, Antilles; 9 Holotype male of S. curazao (MCZ 44836) CarMaBi, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles; 10 More recently collected female specimen of S. curazao (CASENT 9067826) from Dos Pos, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles; 11 More recently collected male specimen of S. curazao (CASENT 9058453) from Girouette Plantation, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles; 12 Female of S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12894) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia; 13 Male of S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12895) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia; 14 Female of S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-1735) Barichara, Santander, Colombia; 15 Holotype male of S. marilus (MCZ 21988) from Lara, Venezuela; 16 Holotype female of S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12898) from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia; 17 Paratype male of S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12899) from Finca de Ovi, hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia.

FIGURES 18–29. Genitalia of females from the Selenops isopodus species group. 18–20, 23 S. arikok (EME sel_068) from Arikok National Park, Aruba (18 epigyne, 19 endogyne, 20 epigyne) with colors corresponding to parts of the genitalia mentioned in the text for comparison among taxa of the S. isopodus group: orange = COs, pink = MF, yellow = EP, 23 endogyne with colors corresponding to parts of the genitalia mentioned in the text for comparison among taxa of the S. isopodus group, arrows indicate path from CDs to spermathecae and FDs, showing how the CDs fold under themselves in the dorsal direction, teal=CDs, blue-violet=SS, red=PS, yellow=FDs, green= PF; 21–22 S. curazao (CASENT 9067826; ABC_062) from Dos Pos, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (21 epigyne, 22 endogyne); 24–25 S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12894) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia (24 epigyne, 25 endogyne); 27–28 S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-1735) from Barichara, Santander, Colombia (27 epigyne, 28 endogyne); 26, 29 S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12898) from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia (26 epigyne, 29 endogyne).

FIGURES 30–40. Palps from males of the Selenops isopodus species group. 30–33, 39 Palp of S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12895) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia (30, 32 ventral, 31, 33 retrolateral, 39 dorsal) with colors corresponding to the parts of the palps mentioned in the text for comparison among taxa of the S. isopodus group: green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, pink = T, where tegulum narrows basally, the pink becomes brighter, indicating the inconspicuous origin of the E, purple = C, yellow = MA, arrow indicates extended tegulum with lack of retrolateral indentation; 34–35, 38 Palp of S. curazao (CASENT 9058453) from Girouette Plantation, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (34 ventral, 35 retrolateral, 38 dorsal); 36–37, 40 S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12899) from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia (36 ventral, 37 retrolateral, 40 dorsal).

FIGURES 41–49. Palps from males of the Selenops isopodus species group emphasizing the conductor, a diagnostic character among species of the group. 41, 44, 47 S. curazao (CASENT 9058453) from Girouette Plantation, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (41 retrolateral, 44 dorso-retrolateral, 47 prolateral); 42, 45, 48 S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12895) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia (42 retrolateral, 45 latroventral, 48 prolateral); 43, 46, 49 S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12899) from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia (43 retrolateral, 46 latroventral, 49 prolateral). Abbreviations: C=Conductor.

FIGURES 50–55. 50–51 Palps of males of the S. isopodus group. 50 Rostral view of expanded palp showing shape of conductor of S. curazao (CASENT 9058453) from Girouette Plantation, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles; 51 Caudal view of palp of S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12899) showing the tip of the conductor in an unexpanded palp from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia; 52–55 Caudal views of epigynes of the S. isopodus group. 52 S. curazao (CASENT 9067826) from Dos Pos, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles; 53 S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-12894) from Albania, La Guajira, Colombia; 54 S. isopodus (ICN-Ar-1735) from Barichara, Santander, Colombia; 55 S. bullerengue sp. nov. (ICN-Ar-12899) from Finca de Ovi, Hacienda El Huerto, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia.