Eupholidoptera mariannae Willemse & Heller, 2001

Willemse, Luc, Tilmans, Jos, Kotitsa, Nefeli, Trichas, Apostolos, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan & Ode, Baudewijn, 2023, A review of Eupholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira, ZooKeys 1151, pp. 67-158 : 67

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.97514
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5FEDE55D-C9AF-47D5-9125-9F1758AE2A18
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2D55B1A-55A3-5B54-ACB4-992941DA6D4A
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Eupholidoptera mariannae Willemse & Heller, 2001
status

Treatment

Eupholidoptera mariannae Willemse & Heller, 2001 View in CoL

Figs 21 View Figures 11–24 , 35 View Figures 25–38 , 49 View Figures 39–52 , 63 View Figures 53–66 , 79 View Figures 69–82 , 93 View Figures 83–96 , 107 View Figures 97–110 , 122 View Figures 111–125 , 136 View Figures 126–139 , 150 View Figures 140–153 , 164 View Figures 154–167 , 178 View Figures 168–181 , 194 View Figures 182–197 , 209 View Figures 198–212 , 214 View Figures 213–215 , 215 View Figures 213–215 , 234 View Figures 224–235 , 235 View Figures 224–235 , 250 View Figures 247–253 , 251 View Figures 247–253 , 254 View Figures 254, 255 , 256 View Figure 256 , 259 View Figure 259

Eupholidoptera mariannae Willemse & Heller, 2001: Willemse et al. 2018: figs 946, 947.

Eupholidoptera mariannae Morphological description. Willemse and Heller 2001: 329-331.

Eupholidoptera mariannae Bioacoustics. Willemse and Heller 2001: 331; Çiplak et al. 2009: 27, 54, 55.

Examined specimens.

Holotype, 1 ♂ (paratype); 8 ♂, 15 ♀ (for details see Suppl. material 2).

Diagnostic features.

Frons (Fig. 21 View Figures 11–24 ) pale with black dots; frontal half of pronotal disc (Fig. 35 View Figures 25–38 ) predominantly black sharply with transverse rarely a V-shaped border with pale rear half; elytra black, veins and cross-veins more or less extensively yellow. Male (Fig. 250 View Figures 247–253 ) - stridulatory file with 89-105 teeth (90 in Çiplak et al. 2009) (including proximal and distal ones), density of teeth in middle two thirds of the file 18-23 teeth per mm (18-20 in Çiplak et al. 2009); anal tergite (Figs 79 View Figures 69–82 , 93 View Figures 83–96 , 107 View Figures 97–110 ) very wide, bilobed, lobes separated by groove, distally bend downward, centrally forming two teeth pointing forward separated by narrow, densely haired pits; cerci (Figs 122 View Figures 111–125 , 136 View Figures 126–139 ) 3 × longer than wide, proximally wide, flattened, strongly narrowing in second third, apical third cylindrical, pointing outward, in profile bent upward, armed with short, strong inner side-tooth at ca. one fifth of length; subgenital plate (Figs 150 View Figures 140–153 , 164 View Figures 154–167 ) as wide as long, widest in proximal third, sides rimmed, in profile pointing upward and backward, tip apical lobes rounded, spineless, with slit-like excision along one fifth of length; styli (Fig. 178 View Figures 168–181 ) minute, flat or depressed, inserted at ventral side of apical lobes, proximal of tip, pointing downward; titillator (Fig. 194 View Figures 182–197 , 209 View Figures 198–212 ) slightly asymmetrical, apical arms strongly sclerotised, narrow, except for very tip, fused along entire length, smooth, needle shaped tip pointing somewhat laterad, in profile narrow, middle third slightly wider evenly upward curved.

Measurements.

See Tables 6 View Table 6 , 7 View Table 7 .

Bioacoustics.

Based upon the sound recordings of two specimens (20 syllables measured), the song of E. mariannae , as in all species of Eupholidoptera , consists of isolated syllables produced in long series with the opening hemisyllable much shorter and weaker than the closing hemisyllable. In E. mariannae , the syllable duration is ~ 172 ms. In the present recordings, the syllable repetition rate is very low. Published records ( Çiplak et al. 2009) show a syllable duration of ~ 123 ms and a syllable repetition rate of 1/s at maximum. The song may most likely be confused with the other species of Eupholidoptera in Crete, except E. smyrnensis and E. forcipata . For details of sound recordings of Eupholidoptera mariannae see Suppl. material 3.

Variation.

Apical arms of the titillator in most specimens are fused, in some they become apically somewhat separated. The central pits in the anal tergite may be more or less well developed and more or less densely haired.

Description of female.

Examined specimens. 15 ♀: LASITHI: Agios Ioannis - RMNH.5014906 (RMNH); Anatoli - s.n. [paratype of E. astyla Ramme 1927] (MfNB); Kalavros -2017.029.02 (CT) RMNH.5014912, RMNH. 5086974 (RMNH); Katharo plain, 1 km NE FC17787 - RMNH.INS1124470, RMNH.INS1124471 (RMNH); Kato Chorion s.n. [paratype of E. astyla Ramme 1927] (MfNB); Kavousi - 1999.029.02 (CT), RMNH.INS1141830 (RMNH); Koutsouras - 2002.007.05 (CT); Prina, 0.5 km N FC17798 - 2019.061.02 (CT), RMNH.INS1141839 (RMNH); Mt. Thrypti - 2019.032.01 (CT), FC25104 RMNH.INS1124469 (RMNH). (For details see Suppl. material 2).

General appearance and colouration as male (Figs 234 View Figures 224–235 , 235 View Figures 224–235 , 251 View Figures 247–253 ). First abdominal segment dorsally darkened, in one female black; second segment may also be somewhat darkened. Fore wings covered by pronotum, in profile barely protruding, pale coloured.

Cercus short, conical hardly tapering but for apical third which is distinctly narrower, tip pointed, slightly upturned in profile, straight in dorsal view, covered with pale short and long hairs.

Subgenital plate (Figs 49 View Figures 39–52 , 63 View Figures 53–66 ) longer than wide, mitre-shaped, in profile triangular; hind margin toward middle forming two distinct pointed apical lobes, separated by a deep and wide excision along one third of length; dorsal margin usually at least partly visible in the apical half as a protruding edge or bulge, in profile the apical half straight, the basal half straight except for the proximal part which is concave; ventral side proximally with two dark coloured concavities separated by a more or less distinct keel, the apical half flattened to shallowly depressed with a median keel, surface smooth without wrinkles, with dispersed hairs.

Ovipositor almost straight, apically slightly upcurved, 1.4-2.2 × longer than pronotum.

Differential diagnosis.

Males differ from congenerics in the stout, upturned, proximally flattened cercus, pointing outward (Figs 122 View Figures 111–125 , 136 View Figures 126–139 ), sub-basally armed with short strong inner tooth, in the anal tergite (Figs 79 View Figures 69–82 , 93 View Figures 83–96 , 107 View Figures 97–110 ) medially not extended, bent downward with very narrow V-shaped excision, tips pointing forward, in the wide, upturned, spineless subgenital plate (Figs 150 View Figures 140–153 , 164 View Figures 154–167 ) with minute, pre-apically inserted styli (Fig. 178 View Figures 168–181 ) pointing downward and in the barely asymmetrical, narrow, fused apical arms of the titillator (Figs 194 View Figures 182–197 , 209 View Figures 198–212 ). Females differ from congenerics in the elongated subgenital plate (Figs 49 View Figures 39–52 , 63 View Figures 53–66 ) proximally with two concavities, apical lobes pointed, separated by wide excision, as deep as one third of the length. In colouration, the amount of black shown, E. mariannae together with E. annamariae , E. astyla , E. feri , and E. francisae sp. nov. belongs to the darkest coloured species. For more details differentiating E. mariannae from other Cretan Eupholidoptera see Table 5 View Table 5 .

Distribution.

The species was described from southwestern Lasithi. Recent findings indicate its distribution area also includes western central Lasithi from the eastern slopes of Mt. Dikti eastward up to Kalavros in the north and Koutsouras in the south (Fig. 254 View Figures 254, 255 ). In the east there seems to be no overlap with E. annamariae although near Kalavros and Xerokampos both species were found within 5 km of each other. Eupholidoptera mariannae and E. astyla may overlap in the Ierapetra area but up to now co-occurrence could not be confirmed. In the northwest, E. mariannae was also found in the Katharo plain where E. feri was discovered. For a complete list of localities, specimens and repositories see Suppl. material 1.

Habitat.

The altitudinal range of E. mariannae is considerable. It ranges from sea level where it was found near Koutsouras, to 1475 m, the highest altitude at which it was found on Mt. Thrypti. The type series was found inside open pine forest and groups of planted olive trees. Near Kalavros the species was found on open hill slopes with quite a dense vegetation of small shrubs interspersed with taller shrubs. Near Kavousi (Pacheia Amos) the species was trapped on a hill covered by phrygana. Around Malles and Anadoli individual males were heard singing on the branches of olive trees a few meters above the ground.

Phenology.

At low altitudes adults can be found already in early May, at higher altitudes starting from 300-700 m up to 1475 m, adults appear in June or July and have been caught until the end of September and mid-October.