Pristiphora malaisei (Lindqvist, 1952)

Prous, Marko, Kramp, Katja & Liston 1, Veli VikbergAndrew, 2017, North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59, pp. 1-190 : 49

Pristiphora malaisei (Lindqvist, 1952) Figs 13, 30, 58, 75, 137, 298

Lygaeonematus (Lygaeophora) malaisei Lindqvist, 1952: 112-113. Holotype ♀ (NHRS-HEVA000003753) in NHRS, examined. Type locality: Torneträsk, Torne Lappmark, Sweden.

Mesoneura arctica Lindqvist, 1959: 68-70, syn. n. Holotype ♂ (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.5218) in MZH, examined. Type locality: Malla, Lapland, Finland.

Pachynematus incisus Lindqvist, 1970: 103, syn. n. Holotype ♀ in MZH (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.5183), examined. Type locality: Popovo, Oljhonsk, Irkutsk, Russia.

Pachynematus intermedius Verzhutskii, 1974: 160, syn. n. Original paper not seen, cited in Zinovjev (1993): 81. Note. Described as " Pachynematus intermedius Lqv. sp. n." from larvae feeding on Dasiphora , type material not cited. Type locality: Baikal region, Russia.

Pristiphora mongololaricis Haris, 2003: 116-117, syn. n. Holotype ♀ (DEI-GISHym80350; http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5053627) in HNHM, examined. Type locality: Nukht, Bogd Khan Mountain, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Similar species.

The most similar species is P. dasiphorae , which can be separated by differences in the valvula 3, lancet, and penis valve (see the Key). Contrary to Zinovjev (1993), we treat P. incisa (Lindqvist, 1970) as a synonym, because we are unable to find consistent differences between the arctic ( P. malaisei ) and non-arctic forms ( P. incisa ).

Genetic data.

Based on COI barcode sequences, P. malaisei belongs to its own cluster (no BIN number has been assigned yet). Maximum distance within P. malaisei is 0.6% (based on full barcodes). The nearest neighbour to P. malaisei , diverging by minimum of 8.45%, is BOLD:ACO2064 ( P. dasiphorae ). Based on nuclear data, within species divergence is 0.4% (based on two specimens and both genes combined) and the nearest neighbour is 5.1% ( P. luteipes , only TPI) or 5.3% different ( P. punctifrons , both genes combined).

Host plants.

Potentilla fruticosa L. (= Dasiphora fruticosa ) ( Lindqvist 1970, Verzhutskii 1981, ex ovo rearing experiments by VV) and possibly Comarum palustre L. (incomplete ex ovo and ex larva rearing experiments by VV).

Rearing notes.

Ovipositing experiment no. 1/1994: Finland, South Häme, Janakkala, Turenki, Alanko. On 11.V.1994 two females were swept from Potentilla fruticosa , one of them in copula. On the same day they laid eggs in pockets on the underside of young leaves of P. fruticosa , the eggs were near the leaf margin. On 17.V.1994 larvae hatched. Four larval instars were observed, the development of larvae was rapid. On 31.V.1994 prepupae and three cocoons were found. No extra moult after feeding.

Ovipositing experiment no. 2/1998: the same locality as above. On 2.V.1998 one female was offered leaves of Potentilla argentea agg., in which she showed no interest. On the next day small leaves and buds of Comarum palustre were offered, and the female began immediately to lay eggs in petioles of young leaves and unopened buds. Larvae hatched but did not live many days.

Larval feeding experiment on 26.VI.1998. 11 larvae from Potentilla fruticosa were put into container with Comarum palustre and Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch. Within an hour 6 larvae were eating Comarum but not Potentilla . Inspection on the next day: many larvae were feeding on Comarum and many leaves of Comarum had large holes. In addition, no larvae were observed to feed on Potentilla argentea L. In the evening the larvae were put again on Potentilla fruticosa .

Larval feeding experiment in July 1998. Many rather large larvae were put into a container with Potentilla anserina L., P. argentea , and P. erecta (L.) Raeusch. After 3 hours no larva was feeding on them, but they walked around, seeking better food.

Distribution and material examined.

Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Finland, France, Mongolia, Russia (Irkutsk Oblast), and Sweden.