Farfantepenaeus isabelae

Tavares, Carolina & Gusmão, Jaqueline, 2016, Description of a new Penaeidae (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) species, Farfantepenaeus isabelae sp. nov., Zootaxa 4171 (3), pp. 505-516 : 509-513

Farfantepenaeus isabelae nov. sp.

Penaeus aztecus subtilis Pérez Farfante, 1967: 87 [in partim], fig. 2b, 3 a–c.

Penaeus (Melicertus) subtilis Pérez Farfante, 1969: 546 –555, fig. 51b, 57, 58.

Material examined. Holotype—LGP 1747, 1 male, cc: 30.1 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Paratypes—USNM 1071704, 1 male, Gulf of Morrosquillo , Colombia, 67–68 m, 3 August 1995, CIOH- INVEMAR sta. T2, 9°36’N 72°7’W ; USNM 112818 , female, off Galinas Point , Departamento de la Guajira, Colombia, 174m, 9 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5685, 12°29'N, 71°54'W ; USNM 140237 , female, off Paramaribo, Suriname, 22m, 30 April 1969, Oregon II Sta.10538, 6°16’N 55°18’W ; USNM 140239 , female, off French Guiana, 66m, 2 May 1969, Oregon II Sta.10559, 6°09’N 53°00’W ; USNM 1192292 , female, off French Guiana, 66m, 2 May 1969, Oregon II Sta.10559, 6°09’N 53°00’W ; USNM 1192293 , male, Peninsula de Guajira , off Bahia Honda, Colombia, 192m, 9 October 1965, Oregon Sta. 5684, 12°30’N 71°04’W ; USNM 1192294 , female, Gulf of Venezuela , Venezuela, 12 June 1964; LGP 1753, 1 female, cc: 37.6 mm, Atins, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Complementary material from Brazil. LGP 924, 1 female, cc: 27.4 mm, Fortaleza , Ceará, Brazil ; LGP 932, 1 female, cc: 30.1 mm, Fortaleza , Ceará, Brazil ; LGP 937, 1 male, cc: 25.5 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 938, 1 male, cc: 25.8 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 939, 1 male, cc: 23.9 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 940, 1 male, cc: 27.1 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 941, 1 male, cc: 27.7 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 942, 1 male, cc: 25.8 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 943, 1 male, cc: 25.7 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 944, 1 female, cc: 23.8 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 945, 1 male, cc: 27.1 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 946, 1 female, cc: 26.4 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 947, 1 male, cc: 25.6 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 948, 1 male, cc: 29.6 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 949, 1 male, cc: 24.3 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 950, 1 male, cc: 27.7 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 951, 1 male, cc: 20.2 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 952, 1 male, cc: 25.2 mm, Fortaleza , Ceará, Brazil ; LGP 970, 1 female, cc: 47.6 mm, Atins , Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 974, 1 female, cc: 42.1 mm, Atins , Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 987, 1 female, cc: 26.0 mm, Fortaleza , Ceará; LGP 978, 1 femle, cc: 45.3 mm, Atins, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 979, 1 female, cc: 46.2 mm, Atins , Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1740, 1 male, cc: 29.3 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1741, 1 male, cc: 28.6 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1742, 1 male, cc: 28.9 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1743, 1 male, cc: 27.7 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1744, 1 male, cc: 29.3 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1746, 1 male, cc: 28.3 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1748, 1 male, cc: 27.4 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1749, 1 male, cc: 25.1 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1752, 1 female, cc: 34.8 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1754, 1 female, cc: 30,0 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1756, 1 female, cc: 30.9 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1757, 1 female, cc: 32.2 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil ; LGP 1758, 1 female, cc: 35.2 mm, Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil .

Description. Rostrum long, reaching, at least, distal margin of the antenular peduncle, sinuous in shape, with apical portion markedly upturned. Dorsal rostral spines 9–10. Ventral rostral spines 1–2. Ventral spines in the same direction of the two distalmost dorsal spines or the second ventral spine position is between the two distalmost dorsal spines and the first ventral spine is anterior to the first dorsal spine. Hepatic and antennal spines present ( Fig. 3 A). Carapace, adrostral carina not reaching posterior edge of carapace. Adrostral sulci tapering through its full length, almost not discernible near its posterior end. Median sulcus shallow, often interrupted, ending well anterior to posterior end of adrostral sulcus ( Fig. 3 B).

Pereopod 1, ischium and coxae with long spine on the inner margin; propodus with robust setae tuft on the inner margin of proximal region; carpus with robust setae tuft on the inner margin of distal region. Pereopod 2, coxae with distal spine on the inner margin. Pereopod 3, carpus about 1.5x longer than merus. Pereopods 4 and 5, dactyl and propodus with lateral margins setose.

Thelycum, anterior process of median protuberance with anterior edge sharply pointed, structure almost triangular, lateral margins not especially thick; anterior process wider than long; posterior process of median protuberance with diamond shape, inner region a little deep, anterior region almost straight and posterior region somewhat upturned; lateral plates with rounded anterior edge (Fig. 4A).

Petasma, lateral view, with ventral costa bigger than median lobe; distal fold much bigger than ventral costa; inner margin of the distal fold with hooked setae (Fig. 4B).

Abdominal carina from the posterior half of pleonite 4 to pleonite 6. Pleonite 6 with three small cicatrices on the lateral region. Telson unarmed, with a dorsal sulcus. Uropods unarmed.

Etymology. The species was named in honor of Isabel Pérez Farfante, great carcinologist and the first one to notice the differences between the two cryptic species.

Type locality. Atins , São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Distribution. From Gulf of Morrosquillo to Punta Gallinas, Colombia; Gulf of Paria, Trinidad; Gulf of Venezuela, Venezuela; off French Guiana; off Paramaribo, Suriname; Brazil (Atins, Maranhão; Camocim, Ceará) (Fig. 6).

FIGURE 6. Distribution of F. subtilis and F. isabelae along the Caribbean Sea and the coast of South America. * = F. subtilis ; • = F. isabelae . Abbreviations used: FG—French Guiana; Gui—Guiana; Sur—Suriname; TT—Trinidad and Tobago

Remarks. During the examination of F. isabelae specimens for its morphological description, some differences, though subtle, were observed in the posterior thelycum process. A diamond-shape process with a median sulcus is expected. However, in some examples (LGP 924, LGP 932, LGP 987, USNM 140239, USNM 1192292), the diamond-shape is somewhat less prominent than expected, while the median sulcus is still present. Although this difference is, in fact, quite subtle, because F. isabelae is a cryptic species, a molecular analysis of isabelae (AY3 4 4 1 9 7)

isabelae ( AY135193 ) 0,010

isabelae ( AF248556 ) 0,005 0,000

isabelae ( AF248558 ) 0,064 0,057 0,059

isabelae ( KU059743 ) 0,014 0,002 0,002 0,059

isabelae ( KU059744 ) 0,012 0,000 0,002 0,059 0,002

isabelae ( KU861811 ) 0,014 0,002 0,004 0,061 0,004 0,003

isabelae ( KU132356 ) 0,014 0,002 0,002 0,057 0,002 0,002 0,004

isabelae ( KU132357 ) 0,014 0,002 0,002 0,059 0,002 0,002 0,004 0,002

isabelae ( KU132358 ) 0,012 0,000 0,000 0,059 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,002 0,002

isabelae ( KU132359 ) 0,007 0,002 0,002 0,060 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,004 0,004 0,004

subtilis ( AF248557 ) 0,062 0,055 0,057 0,002 0,057 0,057 0,059 0,055 0,057 0,057 0,058 subtilis ( AF248555 ) 0,011 0,006 0,005 0,065 0,008 0,007 0,008 0,008 0,007 0,005 0,007 0,063 subtilis ( AF248559 ) 0,062 0,057 0,057 0,005 0,059 0,057 0,057 0,057 0,059 0,057 0,058 0,007 0,063 paulensis ( AF248554 ) 0,089 0,080 0,081 0,096 0,082 0,081 0,085 0,084 0,082 0,081 0,085 0,094 0,083 0,098 paulensis ( AF248552 ) 0,091 0,082 0,085 0,098 0,085 0,085 0,087 0,081 0,084 0,085 0,089 0,096 0,087 0,100 0,005 brasiliensis ( AY135196 ) 0,105 0,101 0,098 0,105 0,104 0,101 0,101 0,101 0,103 0,101 0,100 0,103 0,096 0,105 0,109 0,107 aztecus ( AY135195 ) 0,062 0,058 0,057 0,082 0,061 0,058 0,062 0,059 0,060 0,058 0,058 0,080 0,059 0,082 0,082 0,082 0,084 notialis (X843502) 0,115 0,102 0,101 0,117 0,103 0,105 0,110 0,101 0,103 0,109 0,106 0,115 0,103 0,117 0,131 0,128 0,105 0,102 duorarum ( AY135198 ) 0,111 0,104 0,101 0,111 0,107 0,104 0,109 0,105 0,106 0,104 0,106 0,108 0,104 0,111 0,140 0,138 0,107 0,104 0,009 duorarum ( AF014380 ) 0,112 0,101 0,106 0,112 0,104 0,106 0,111 0,102 0,104 0,106 0,110 0,110 0,108 0,112 0,140 0,137 0,104 0,103 0,007 0,000 schmitti ( AF542058 ) 0,132 0,128 0,122 0,135 0,132 0,129 0,136 0,135 0,132 0,130 0,124 0,135 0,120 0,135 0,135 0,138 0,129 0,128 0,145 0,148 0,140 partial COI sequences of selected samples was performed in order to guarantee that these differences portray only intraspecific variation, and that there are no other possible cryptic species among the material examined herein that could be being confused with the new species. The results obtained showed that F. isabelae and F. subtilis are separate species (table 2) and that all F. isabelae specimens appeared in one monophyletic clade, as a sister group to F. subtilis str. s. ( Fig. 5 ). Actually, these differences comprise only simple variations of the described species.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Farfantepenaeus isabelae sp. nov. Holotype. A) Carapace, lateral view; B) Carapace, dorsal view. LGP 1747, male, cc: 28. 8 mm.

FIGURE 5. Penaeus spp. COI-based neighbor-joining tree: number under branches is Student’s t-test (confidence probability) of branch lengths.