Ceraphron, Jurine, 1807

Salden, Tobias & Peters, Ralph S., 2023, Afrotropical Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) put back on the map with the description of 88 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 884 (1), pp. 1-386 : 14-19

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.884.2181
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A128228C-185E-4D21-B23B-223C7C737C4C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8339634
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C33B177D-E912-FFEE-FF60-F972FA91FE4C
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Ceraphron
status

Treatment

Key to male Ceraphron View in CoL View at ENA from the Afrotropical mainland

1. Scape as long as F1 to F3 combined or longer (e.g., Fig. 82D View Fig ) ....................................................... 2

– Scape as long as F1 and F2 combined or shorter (e.g., Fig. 41D View Fig ) .................................................... 6

– Scape longer than F1 and F2 combined and shorter than F1 to F3 combined (e.g., Fig. 47D View Fig ) ...... 14

2. Scape shorter than F1 to F4 combined (e.g., Fig. 76D View Fig ) .................................................................... 3

– Scape as long as F1 to F4 combined ( Fig. 54D View Fig ) ................................................. C. insolitus sp. nov.

3. At least some flagellomeres moniliform ( Figs 45 View Fig , 82 View Fig ) ..................................................................... 4

– All flagellomeres cylindric ( Figs 51 View Fig , 76 View Fig ) .......................................................................................... 5

4. Head, meso- and metasoma brown ( Fig. 82D View Fig ); harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 82A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................................................ C. sungura sp. nov.

– Head light brown, meso- and metasoma light brown-yellowish ( Fig. 45D View Fig ); harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 45A, C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. cingulum sp. nov.

5. Genital weakly sclerotized; harpe not indented apically in lateral view ( Fig. 51B View Fig ); apical setae of harpes not crossing ( Fig. 51A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................ C. eulbergi sp. nov.

– Genital moderately sclerotized; harpe indented apically in lateral view ( Fig. 76B View Fig ); apical setae of harpes distinctly crossing ( Fig. 76A, C View Fig ) ........................................................ C. pilosiharpis sp. nov.

6. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex absent (e.g., Fig. 41D View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 7

– Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex present (e.g., Fig. 71D View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 9

7. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.50 (e.g., Fig. 41A–C View Fig ); harpe cone-shaped or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Fig. 41A, C View Fig ) .................................................................................................................... 8

– Harpe/gvc index 0.81 ( Fig. 75A–C View Fig ); harpe sickle-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 75A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................... C. onesimusi sp. nov.

8. Harpe/gvc index 0.50 ( Sundholm 1970: 363, fig. 139) ........................ C. longulus Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL

– Harpe/gvc index 0.33 ( Fig. 41A–C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. breviharpis sp. nov.

9. Harpe triangular and/or cone-shaped or bulb-shaped, not sickle-shaped and without apicoventral projection (e.g., Figs 42–43 View Fig View Fig , 66 View Fig , 71A, C View Fig ) ....................................................................................... 10

– Harpe sickle-shaped with apicoventral projection ( Fig. 72A, C View Fig ) .................. C. mwekaensis sp. nov.

10. Mesometapleuron with distinct longitudinal striations ( Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Figs 42D View Fig , 103 View Fig ) ..................................................................................................................................................11

– Mesometapleuron without distinct longitudinal striations ............................................................. 12

11. Mesometapleural sulcus present ( Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Fig. 103 View Fig ) ................................. .................................................................................................................... C. masneri Dessart, 1963 View in CoL

– Mesometapleural sulcus absent ( Fig. 42D View Fig ) ................................................... C. breviscapus sp. nov.

12. Head brown, mesosoma brown and metasoma light brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 71D View Fig ) .................. 13

– Head light brown-yellowish, mesosoma yellowish except meso- and metapleuron darker and metasoma light brown-yellowish except anterior third lighter ( Fig. 66D View Fig ) ......................................... ................................................................................................................... C. longumerunus sp. nov.

13. Harpe triangular in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.31 (e.g., Fig. 71A, C View Fig ) ..................... .................................................................................................................................. C. mikoi sp. nov.

– Harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.93 ( Fig. 43A, C View Fig ) ......................... ............................................................................................................................. C. buyangu sp. nov.

14. Harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 40 View Fig , 80 View Fig ) ................................................ 15

– Harpe not finger-shaped, but cone-shaped, trapezoidal or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 44 View Fig , 58 View Fig ) ..................................................................................................................................... 23

15. Harpe/gvc index> 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 16

– Harpe/gvc index ˂ 0.70 (e.g., Fig. 50A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 19

16. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 1.05 (e.g., Fig. 81A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 17

– Harpe/gvc index> 1.30 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C View Fig ) .................................................... C. longiharpis sp. nov.

17. Head brown and mesosoma brown or light brown; flagellum light brown or light brown-yellowish; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma ( Figs 48 View Fig , 68D View Fig ) .................................................................................................... 18

– Head and mesosoma dark brown;flagellum brown;anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma ( Fig. 81D View Fig ) ............. C. semira sp. nov.

18. Mesosoma brown; flagellum light brown; F1 2.6 × as long as wide ( Fig. 68D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe straight; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex; harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical quarter ( Fig. 68A, C View Fig ) ........... ............................................................................................................................... C. malava sp. nov.

– Mesosoma light brown; flagellum light brown-yellowish; F1 2.1 × as long as wide ( Fig. 48D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe convex; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half; harpe with at least four lateral setae distributed along apical half ( Fig. 48A, C View Fig ) ....................................................... C. eaerendili sp. nov.

19. Mesosoma dark brown or brown, ventrolateral parts not darker than rest; scape light brown or yellowish; F6 ≤ 1.8× as long as wide (e.g., Fig. 61D View Fig ); harpe with at least three lateral setae but not more than four (e.g., Fig. 61A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................................. 20

– Mesosoma brown, ventrolateral parts darker than rest; scape brown; F6 2.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 80D View Fig ); harpe with at least six lateral setae ( Fig. 80A–C View Fig ) ................................. C. sataoi sp. nov.

20. Scape yellowish or partially yellowish ( Figs 50 View Fig , 61–62 View Fig View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≥ 0.64; harpe with at least nine median setae but not more than ten, median setae not convex or brush-like arranged ( Figs 50 View Fig , 61–62 View Fig View Fig ) ............................................................................................................................................. 21

– Scape light brown ( Fig. 40D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.56; harpe with at least eleven convex and brush-like arranged median setae ( Fig. 40A, C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. brashi sp. nov.

21. Scape and pedicel yellowish; flagellum light brown ( Figs 61–62 View Fig View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex; apex of harpe rounded ( Figs 61–62 View Fig View Fig ) .................................................................... 22

– Scape and pedicel light brown except proximal half of scape yellowish; flagellum brown ( Fig. 50D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe straight; apex of harpe pointed ( Fig. 50A, C View Fig ) ...................... C. ellae sp. nov.

22. Metasoma light brown; mesometapleural sulcus absent; head height 1.54–1.64 × maximum eye diameter ( Fig. 61D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.55 ( Fig. 61A–C View Fig ) ...................................... C. kidole sp. nov.

– Metasoma brown; mesometapleural sulcus present; head height 1.77–1.83 × maximum eye diameter ( Fig. 62D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.68 ( Fig. 62A–C View Fig ) .................................................. C. kimathii sp. nov.

23. At least some flagellomeres moniliform ( Figs 46 View Fig , 67 View Fig ) ................................................................... 24

– All flagellomeres cylindric (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 69 View Fig ) ................................................................................ 25

24. Multiporous plates on flagellomeres elongate ( Fig. 46D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.57; gvc slightly wider than long ( Fig. 46A–C View Fig ) ................................................................................ C. clavatumeris sp. nov.

– Multiporous plates on flagellomeres small and round ( Fig. 67D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.44; gvc width two thirds of gvc length ( Fig. 67A–C View Fig ) ............................................................. C. maathaiae sp. nov.

25. Harpe/gvc index ˃ 0.80 (e.g., Fig. 84A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 26

– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.63 (e.g., Figs 58 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ..................................................................................... 29

26. Harpe/gvc index ≥ 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 78A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 27

– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.86 ( Figs 77 View Fig , 84 View Fig ) ............................................................................................. 28

27. Interaxillar sulcus absent; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish except proximal third of coxae light brown ( Fig. 78D View Fig ) ............................................................................................... C. reinholdi sp. nov.

– Distinct interaxillar sulcus; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex not extending to the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish ( Sundholm 1970: 357–359; Fig. 101B View Fig ) ............................................................................ C. confusus Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL

28. Longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron from procoxa to metacoxa; scape and pedicel brown ( Fig. 77D View Fig ); genital moderately sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe less than half as long as harpe ( Fig. 77A–C View Fig ) ...................................................................................... C. pleurosulcus sp. nov.

– No longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron; scape and pedicel yellowish ( Fig. 84D View Fig ); genital weakly sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe as long as harpe ( Fig. 84A–C View Fig ) ................ C. tiriki sp. nov.

29. Longest lateral setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Figs 58 View Fig , 60 View Fig ) .............................................. 30

– Longest lateral setae of harpe more than twice as long as harpe ( Fig. 65A–C View Fig ) ................................. ........................................................................................................................... C. longisetae sp. nov.

30. Scape brown ( Figs 44 View Fig , 58 View Fig , 73 View Fig , 100 View Fig ) ................................................................................................ 31

– Scape light brown or lighter (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 53 View Fig , 63 View Fig , 69 View Fig ) .................................................................. 34

31. Mesosoma dark brown and metasoma brown or partially yellowish, but not amber-coloured ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig , 100 View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 32

– Mesosoma amber-coloured, ventrolateral parts darker than rest and metasoma amber-coloured ( Fig. 58D View Fig ) ......................................................................................................... C. kaharabu sp. nov.

32. Head dark brown; legs yellowish except coxae partially dark brown and light brown, syntergite brown ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.47 ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig ) ............................................................ 33

– Head brown, legs brown except tarsi yellowish, syntergite light brown-yellowish ( Sundholm 1970: 359; Fig. 100B View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.58 ( Sundholm 1970: 361, fig. 135; Fig. 100A View Fig ) ......................... ............................................................................................................ C. cephalotes Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL

33. Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally only in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half ( Fig. 44C View Fig ); harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical third ( Fig. 44A, C View Fig ) .................................................... C. chemositi sp. nov.

– Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex ( Fig. 73C View Fig ); harpe with at least two lateral setae situated closely together at middle of harpe ( Fig. 73A, C View Fig ) ......................................................................................................... C. nandi sp. nov.

34. Lateral margin of harpe straight or slightly concave ( Figs 39 View Fig , 53 View Fig , 57 View Fig , 60 View Fig , 79 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ......................... 35

– Lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex (e.g., Figs 55 View Fig , 59 View Fig , 63 View Fig , 70 View Fig , 74 View Fig ) ............................. 40

35. Longest apical setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Fig. 60A–C View Fig ) ............................................. 36

– Longest apical setae of harpe longer than harpe ( Fig. 53A–C View Fig ) ...................... C. hitagarciai sp. nov.

36. Flagellum gradually darkening from F1 to F9 (e.g., Fig. 57D View Fig ) ...................................................... 37

– Flagellum with no colour gradient from F1 to F9 ( Fig. 39D View Fig ) ................................ C. banda sp. nov.

37. Weber length ≤ 1.82 × genital length ( Figs 57 View Fig , 60 View Fig ) ......................................................................... 38

– Weber length ≥ 2.44 × genital length ( Figs 79 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ......................................................................... 39

38. F1 shorter than F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma ( Fig. 60D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.32 ( Fig. 60A–C View Fig ) ................ .................................................................................................................. C. kakamegaensis sp. nov.

– F1 as long as F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma ( Fig. 57D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.46 ( Fig. 57A–C View Fig ) ................................... ......................................................................................................................... C. ivindoensis sp. nov.

39. F1 2.8× as long as wide; F6 2.1× as long as wide ( Fig. 83D View Fig ); longest median setae of harpe one quarter as long as harpe ( Fig. 83A–C View Fig ) ............................................................. C. tenuimeris sp. nov.

– F1 2.2× as long as wide, F6 1.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 79D View Fig ); longest median setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe ( Fig. 79A–C View Fig ) ................................................ C. salazar sp. nov.

40. Harpe trapezoidal ( Figs 55 View Fig , 70 View Fig ) ...................................................................................................... 41

– Harpe triangular to cone-shaped or cone-shaped (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 56 View Fig ) .............................................. 42

41. F6 1.4× as long as wide, metapleuron without sculpture ( Fig. 55D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.30; genital moderately sclerotized ( Fig. 55A–C View Fig ) ................................................................. C. isecheno sp. nov.

– F6 1.8× as long as wide, metapleuron distinctly sculptured ( Fig. 70D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.48; genital weakly sclerotized ( Fig. 70A–C View Fig ) ................................................................ C. metapleuralis sp. nov.

42. Gvc width more than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 74A, C View Fig ) ........................................... 43

– Gvc width less than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 56A, C View Fig ) ............................................. 45

43. OOL:POL ≤ 2.08; longest apical setae of harpe two thirds as long as harpe or shorter; genitalia moderately sclerotized (e.g., Fig. 63A–C View Fig ) ...................................................................................... 44

– OOL:POL 3.33; longest apical setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe; genitalia weakly sclerotized, almost transparent ( Fig. 74A–C View Fig ) .............................................. C. nzoia sp. nov.

44. Scape 4.7× as long as pedicel; F6 1.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 63D View Fig ); gvc width 1.29× distal gvc width ( Fig. 63A, C View Fig ) ....................................................................................................... C. lirhanda sp. nov.

– Scape 2.9× as long as pedicel; F6 1.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 49D View Fig ); gvc width 1.16× distal gvc width ( Fig. 49A, C View Fig ) ............................................................................................................ C. ekero sp. nov.

45. Gvc width ≥ 1.33 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 85A, C View Fig ) ................................................................. 46

– Gvc width ≤ 1.26 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 69A, C View Fig ) ................................................................. 47

46. Weber length 2.05 × genital length ( Fig. 59 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.37; genitalia moderately sclerotized with weakest sclerotization at harpe ( Fig. 59A–C View Fig ) ..................................... C. kaimosiensis sp. nov.

– Weber length 3.43–3.60× genital length ( Fig. 85 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.57; genitalia weakly sclerotized with more strongly sclerotized apex of harpe ( Fig. 85A–C View Fig ) ............................ C. trietschae sp. nov.

47. Mesosoma uniformly dark brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 56D View Fig ); longest lateral setae of harpe slightly more than half as long as harpe or less than half as long as harpe (e.g., Fig. 56A–C View Fig ) ................... 48

– Mesosoma brown with light brown mesoscutellum ( Fig. 47D View Fig ); longest lateral setae of harpe more than two thirds as long as harpe ( Fig 47A–C View Fig ) .......................................................... C. digiti sp. nov.

48. F6 ≥ 1.9× as long as wide ( Figs 52 View Fig , 69D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.43 ( Figs 52 View Fig , 69A–C View Fig ) .................. 49

– F6 1.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 56D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.52 ( Fig. 56A–C View Fig ) ............. C. isukha sp. nov.

49. Scape and pedicel light brown; scape 4.8× as long as pedicel ( Fig. 69D View Fig ); longest lateral setae half as long as harpe ( Fig. 69A–C View Fig ) ......................................................................... C. mamamutere sp. nov.

– Scape and pedicel yellowish; scape 3.9× as long as pedicel ( Fig. 52D View Fig ); longest lateral setae more than half as long as harpe ( Fig. 52A–C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. herreni sp. nov.