Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, 2018

Erwin, Terry L. & Aldebron, Charlotte, 2018, Neotropical Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), ZooKeys 742, pp. 57-90 : 68-72

Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron sp. n. Río Manu pentagonal arboreal carabid Figs 1C , 2B , 3C , 7

Holotype.

(Female): Type locality. Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza, 11.9446°S, 71.2831°W, 356m, 16 October 1989 (TL Erwin)(NMNH, ADP100320).

Derivation of specific epithet.

The epithet, Thoasia manu , is a singular feminine noun referring to the type locality of the species, the Río Manú, in southeastern Perú.

Proposed English Vernacular Name.

Río Manú pentagonal arboreal carabid.

Diagnosis.

With the attributes of the genus and manu species group as described above and adults with unicolorous head and pronotum, elytra entirely metallic blue except translucent narrow lateral margin, and meso-, metathorax and abdomen black.

Description.

(Figs 1C , 2B , 3C ). Habitus: (Fig. 1C ). Size: See Appendix 1. Length (SBL) average for genus, ABL = 4.42-5.22 mm, SBL = 3.91-4.77.

Color: See diagnosis above. Luster: Elytra shiny metallic; forebody and head shiny flavous. Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric, well-impressed. Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse on occiput, longitudinal adjacent to eye, slightly angulate on frons. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, and evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna moderately long, reaching humerus. Labrum very large, somewhat cordate, shallowly convex at middle. Neck constricted, width coequal to anterior margin of pronotum. Prothorax: Pronotum moderately narrow, disc centrally convex with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins at middle explanate and sharply acute then markedly arcuate to obtusely lobed hind angle; base subtly produced medially. Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina , fully winged, wings smoky translucent. Elytron intervals 3, 5, and 7 with numerous discal setae, intervals slightly convex, side margin markedly explanate. Elytron moderately broad and short, moderately wider than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly sinuate with distal corner obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third not depressed. All interneurs well-impressed. Legs: Normal for Agrina , no unique modifications. Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3-5; female with three pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6; males with two pairs of longer setae on sternum 6. Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig. 3C ) with ostium of 1/3 its length, catopic, apex short, broadly and shallowly rounded; endophallus moderately complex without flagellum. Parameres asymmetric, right very small, left larger, narrow, apically rounded. Female genitalia: (Fig. 2B ). Ovipositor with broad spatulate laterotergite (lt) and two gonocoxites (gc 1, gc 2); gonocoxite 1 robust and apicolaterally asetose; gonocoxite 2 apically subacuminate, base (b) medium-size broader in width than blade (bl) which is moderately elongate and with several short apical ensiform setae (des), without ventral preapical nematiform setae. Reproductive tract proximally with moderately long, broad bursa copulatrix (bc), continuous at its distal end with common oviduct and long robust corrugated spermatheca (sp) distal to villous canal; spermathecal gland small, bulbous; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) very slim, attached to oviduct at base of its broadened portion.

Variation.

Given the sampling of specimens we have for this group, we were able to note a variation in size corresponding with locality. Specimens from Ecuador are larger (SBL: 4.7-5.07 mm, TW: 1.94-2.33 mm) than those from Perú (SBL: 3.91-4.68 mm, TW: 1.83-2.26 mm). After a comparison of external attributes supported by identical male genitalia, we have determined them to be conspecific.

Dispersal potential.

These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are probably moderately swift and agile runners. They have only been collected using fogging techniques.

Way of life.

Adults are common in the western Amazonian lowlands (100 to 400 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme, várzea, and igapó. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees such as species of Guarea , Virola , Spondias , Quararibea with vines and epiphytes, and in suspended dry leaves, in dry fronds of Astrocaryum chambira Burret, Maurita flexuosa , Jessenia bataua , Iriartea deltoidea and Scheelea sp. and in dry bamboo leaves of the species Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. Individuals are found in most months of the year, during both the rainy and dry seasons. Members of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the aforementioned genera and other vegetation noted below using insecticidal fogging techniques. The following are the trees, vines, and palms that botanists have identified (with their notations) in our fogging plot at the Onkone Gare Camp, Reserva Etnica Waorani: Lacistema nena cf.; Guatteria glaberrima cf.; Protium sagotianum cf.; Guatteria sp. 3, sect.; Meiocarpus , long petiole; Oenocarpus bataua ; Neea "dive- tuberculate "; Semaphyllanthe megistocaula cf.; Lauraceae “redvein”; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Protium "sect. Icicopsis " sp. nov. ined.; Iriartea deltoidea ; Grias neuberthii ; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Talisia “bitter”; Virola decorticans cf.; Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf.; Virola obovata ; Brosimum utile ssp. ovatifolium cf.; Inga auristellae cf.; Compsoneura capitellata cf.; Coccoloba densifrons ; Gustavia longifolia ; Browneopsis ucayalina ; Annonaceae ; Leonia glycicarpa ; Protium subserratum ; Wettinia maynensis ; Capirona ; Pouteria baehniana cf.; Pourouma bicolor ssp. bicolor cf.; Licania britteniana “rounded”; Virola flexuosa ; Sarcaulus brasiliensis aff. “burnt”; Tetrathylacium macrophyllum ; Trymatococcus amazonicus cf.; Chrysophyllum argenteum cf.; Sterculia colombiana cf.; Parkia multijuga cf.; Naucleopsis herrerensis cf.; Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Pseudolmedia laevigata ; Mauritia flexuosa .

Other specimens examined.

Ecuador: Orellana, 43 km S, Pompeya, Maxus Road, Palm Swamp , Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6850°S, 76.4321°W, 233m, 3 July 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP149900, male paratype) , Estación Científica Yasuní - Onkone Gare Camp, 39 km S, Pompeya, Erwin Pirana Plot : t-2 sta. 1, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6581°S, 76.4513°W, 220-250m, 22 January 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137916, female paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 1, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 21 June 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138371, female paratype) , Plot: t-10 sta. 8, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6540°S, 76.4453°W, 220-250m, 6 October 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137701, male paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 7, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 7 October 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100300, female paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 7, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4521°W, 220-250m, 7 October 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100300, female paratype) , Plot: t-3 sta. 5, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6575°S, 76.4505°W, 220-250m, 10 October 1994 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136284, female paratype) , Plot: t-10 sta. 3, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6540°S, 76.4453°W, 220-250m, 8 February 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137686, female paratype) , Plot: t-10 sta. 6, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6540°S, 76.4453°W, 220-250m, 8 February 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137615, female paratype) , Plot: t-3 sta. 10, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6575°S, 76.4505°W, 220-250m, 1 July 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138769, male paratype) , Plot: t-6 sta. 10, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6561°S, 76.4487°W, 220-250m, 7 February 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137625, male paratype) , Plot: t-7 sta. 8, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 8 February 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138217, female paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 10, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 8 February 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138261, male paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 7, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 8 February 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138237, female paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 1, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6545°S, 76.4460°W, 220-250m, 23 June 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136330, female paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 1, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6545°S, 76.4460°W, 220-250m, 23 June 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136340, female paratype) , Plot: t-2 sta. 9, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6581°S, 76.4513°W, 220-250m, 25 June 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138072, male paratype) , Plot: t-2 sta. 9, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6581°S, 76.4513 °W, 220-250m, 25 June 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138181, male paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 3, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 3 October 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137730, male paratype) , Plot: t-8 sta. 5, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 3 October 1996 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137914, male paratype) , Plot: t-2 sta. 10, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6581°S, 76.4513°W, 220-250m, 4 October 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136343, female paratype) , Plot: t-6 sta. 7, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6561°S, 76.4483°W, 220-250m, 6 October 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138547, female paratype) , Plot: t-10 sta. 7, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6540°S, 76.4453°W, 220-250m, 8 October 1995 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138888, male paratype) , Plot: t-1 sta. 4, Reserva Etnica Waorani , 0.6586°S, 76.4521°W, 220-250m, 30 January 2006 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143309, female paratype) , Yasuní National Park (edge), 95.43 km E (heading 101.46°), Coca, Erwin Harpia Plot : t-4 sta. 4, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 208m, 30 June 1998 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP137461, female paratype) , Plot: t-4 sta. 5, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 208m, 24 October 1998 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136691, female paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 5 February 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136843, female paratype) , Plot: t-6 sta. 1, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6295°S, 76.1443°W, 199m, 7 February 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136850, female paratype) , Plot: t-4 sta. 4, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 8 February 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136821, male paratype) , Plot: t-4 sta. 4, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 8 February 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136823, female paratype) , Plot: t-4 sta. 4, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 8 February 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP136827, male paratype) , Plot: t-4 sta. 4, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 23 October 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP139273, male paratype) , Plot: t-6 sta. 10, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6295°S, 76.1443°W, 199m, 25 October 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143014, male paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 28 October 1999 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143137, male paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 17 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143417, male paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 17 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143425, female paratype) , Plot: t-7 sta. 10, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6284°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 18 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143495, male paratype) , Plot: t-6 sta. 9, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6295°S, 76.1443°W, 199m, 19 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP139426, female paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 20 July 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143434, male paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 6, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 20 July 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143438, female paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 7, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443 °W, 203m, 17 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP142443, male paratype) , Plot: t-9 sta. 9, Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini , 0.6269°S, 76.1443°W, 203m, 17 February 2001 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP143485, female paratype) , Perú: Loreto, Camp Manco Capac, Rio Samiria , 4.8722°S, 74.3565°W, 106m, 30 May 1990 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP092186, male paratype, female paratype), 24 June 1990 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP066785, ADP093715, ADP093722, female paratypes) , Camp Boca del Inglés, 1 km E, Hamburgo, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve , 5.6951°S, 75.1833°W, 150m, 10 May 1990 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100369, ADP100368, male paratypes) , Camp Terry, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve , 5.6951°S, 75.2243°W, 129m, 14 May 1990 (T.L. Erwin)(NMNH: ADP093075, female paratype) , Cocha Shinguito, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve , 5.1768°S, 74.6554°W, 111m, 24 May 1990, T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP067076, ADP067138, female paratypes) , 24 May 1990, T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue, et al.)(NMNH: ADP067072, ADP067099, ADP067117, male paratypes), 27 August 1991, T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue, et al.)(NMNH: ADP050361, male paratype, ADP071162, female paratype), ACEER-Explornapo Camp, Río Sucusari, Rio Napo , 3.2591°S, 72.9163°W, 101m, 15 June 1992, T.L. Erwin, E Pfuno, F. Pfuno, NMNH: ADP052710, female paratype ); Madre de Dios, BIOLAT Biological Station, Río Manu, Pakitza , Manu Reserved Zone , 11.9440°S, 71.2830°W, 356m, 26 September 1991 (T.L. Erwin)(NMNH: ADP100346, male paratype) , 2 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100348, male paratype) , 6 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100335, male paratype), Madre de Dios, BIOLAT Biological Station, Río Manu, Pakitza , Manu Reserved Zone , 11.9440°S, 71.2830°W, 356m, 6 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100347, female paratype) , 9 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100325, ADP100330, ADP100331, ADP100326, ADP100336, ADP100338, male paratypes; ADP100329, ADP100332, ADP100333, ADP100334, ADP100337, female paratypes), 10 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100321, ADP100355, ADP100357, male paratypes; ADP100294, ADP100322, ADP100323, ADP100356, ADP100358, female paratypes), 14 October 1991 (T.L. Erwin, M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100352, ADP100353, male paratypes; ADP100315, ADP100350, ADP100351, ADP100354, female paratypes), 16 October 1991 (M.G. Pogue)(NMNH: ADP100340, ADP100342, ADP100349, ADP100298 ADP100309, ADP100311, ADP100312, ADP100316, ADP100318, ADP100319, ADP100324, ADP100327, ADP100345, male paratypes; ADP100339, ADP100320, ADP100317, ADP100328, ADP100313, ADP100314, ADP100343, ADP100307, ADP100308, ADP100344, female paratypes), 22 June 1993 (T.L. Erwin, F. Pfuno)(NMNH: ADP100293, male paratype; ADP100295, ADP100296, ADP100299, ADP100297, female paratypes), 11 September 1988 (T.L. Erwin, B.D. Farrell)(NMNH: ADP100306, male paratype; ADP100301, female paratype), 2 September 1989)(T.L. Erwin, B.D. Farrell, NMNH: ADP100302, male paratype), 18 September 1989 (T.L. Erwin, B.D. Farrell)(NMNH: ADP100304, male paratype; ADP100303, ADP100305, female paratypes), 16 March 1982 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100360, male paratype; ADP100359, female paratype), 22 March 1982 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100361, female paratype) , Explorer’s Inn, 30km (air) SW, Pto. Maldonado, Reserva Rio Tambopata , 12.8364°S, 69.2938°W, 208m, 10 May 1984 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100363, ADP100364, male paratypes; ADP149902, female paratype), 10 September 1984 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100366, female paratype) , 8 November 1983 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100365, male paratype) , 12 November 1983 (T.L. Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP100367, female paratype).

Geographic distribution.

(Fig. 7 ). This species is currently known from the type locality in the Amazonian lowlands and at several other localities in Perú, as well as in the Yasuní region of Ecuador.

Notes.

The holotype is held in trust at NMNH until the completion of our Cryptobatida Group studies and then will be deposited in the Museum at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), Lima, Perú.

Figures

Figure 1. Digital Photo-illustrations. Habitus, dorsal aspect: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, female, ADP 148165 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., female, ADP 148174 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 100320. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.

Figure 2. Digital Photo-illustrations. A Habitus, dorsal aspect: Thoasia surinamensis Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 112239. Scale line = 1.00 mm B Female reproductive system dorsal aspect: Thoasia manu, Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100301. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp., spermatheca; lt, laterotergite; co, common oviduct; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2, des, dorsal ensiform seta, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2. Scale bar: 0.50 mm.

Figure 3. Digital Photo-illustrations, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, ADP 152522 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., ADP 13748 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100336. Legend, lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere; pb, phallobase; bo, phallobase orifice; ps, phalloshaft; a, phalloapex; ml, median lobe. Scale bar: 0.50 mm.

Figure 7. Distribution map for known localities of Thoasia and Straneotia species.