Parapolybia indica

Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2015, Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia, Zootaxa 3947 (2), pp. 215-235 : 232

Key to species of Parapolybia indica species-group

Unless the sexes are mentioned, the characters given in the following key are of females.

1. Body ground color brown to dark brown ( Fig. 79 ); mesoscutum more than 4 mm wide; propodeum with strongly striate; T1 strongly swollen in posterior half ( Figs 39–40 )......................................... P. tinctipennis ( Cameron)

- Body ground color, at least of head and mesosoma, much less dark, ivory white, yellow to light brown or orange. Mesoscutum less than 3.5 mm wide; T1 weakly to moderately swollen posteriorly........................................... 2

2. Body ground color orange ( Fig. 77 ); wings yellow tinged (covered with yellow setae) ( Fig. 31 )..... P. fulvinerva ( Cameron)

- Body ground color ivory white or yellow to light brown, with brown to black markings ( Figs 3, 5 , 76, 78, 80–81 ); wings with black setae ( Fig. 32 ).................................................................................. 3

3. Metasomal segments 2 and 3 much darker than mesosoma, nearly black, T2 and T3 respectively with large and paired small yellow spots ( Fig. 76 ); antenna and legs, especially in male, prominently elongated........... P. bioculata (van der Vecht)

- Metasomal segments 2 and 3 more or less same colored as mesosoma, with or without darker markings; antenna and legs not prominently elongated................................................................................. 4

4. In both sexes, T2 distinctly concave sublaterally ( Fig. 46 ). Gena developed, visible in frontal view of head ( Fig. 41 ), in lateral view slightly wider than eye ( Fig. 42 )......................................................... P. flava sp. nov.

- In both sexes, T2 barely or only weakly concave sublaterally. Gena not strongly swollen laterally, invisible in frontal view of head ( Figs 7 , 53 , 65, 71 ), in lateral view as wide as or narrower than eye ( Figs 9 , 33 , 54 , 66, 72 )....................... 5

5. Body ground color ivory white. Clypeus with distinct paired dark brown spots ( Fig. 70 )................ P. albida sp. nov.

- Body ground color yellow to light brown. Clypeus without dark spots........................................... 6

6. T 1 in lateral view nodulated posteriorly ( Fig. 34 )............................................ P. takasagona Sonan

- T 1 in lateral view more or less smoothly swollen dorsally toward level of spiracle ( Figs 11 , 57 , 68 ).................... 7

7. Flat area of vertex behind posterior ocelli narrow ( Fig. 82 )....................................... P. nana sp. nov.

- Flat area of vertex behing posterior ocelli wide ( Figs 83–84 ).................................................. 8

8. Paired yellow longitudinal lines on mesoscutum and spots on T2 absent or obscure ( Fig. 5 )......... P. indica (de Saussure)

- Paired yellow longitudinal lines on mesoscutum and spots on T2 distinct ( Fig. 3 )..................... P. crocea sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli.

FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a sp. nov. and holotype of P. indica (de Saussure, 1854). 1, 2. Head, lateral view, ♀. 1. P. crocea sp. nov. 2. P. v ar i a. 3, 4. Dried specimens of P. crocea sp. nov. from the same colony. 3. Body color in live more or less well preserved. 4. Discolored while drying. 5, 6. Holotype of P. indica. 5. Dorsal view, metasomal segments 2 – 6 glued upside down. 6. Labels of holotype.

FIGURES 41 – 52. Parapolybia flava sp. nov. 41 – 46. ♀. 47 – 52. ♂. 41 – 42, 47. Head, 41, 47. Frontal view. 42. Lateral view. 43, 48. Ocelli, dorsal view. 44, 45, 49, 50. T 1 (44, 49. Dorsal view, 45, 50. Lateral view). 46. T 2, laterodorsal view. 51. Volsella and digitus. PS, parameral spine. D, Digitus. 52. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapolybia indica, holotype ♀. 7, 9. Head. 7. Frontal view. 9. Lateral view. 8. Ocelli, dorsal view. 10. T 1, dorsal view. 11. Metasomal segments 1 – 2, lateral view, segment 2 glued upside down. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 53 – 64. Parapolybia crocea sp. nov. 53 – 57. ♀. 58 – 64. ♂. 53 – 54, 58. Head. 53, 58. Frontal view. 54. Lateral view. 55, 59. Ocelli, dorsal view. 56, 57, 61, 62. T 1 (56, 61. Dorsal view, 57, 62. Lateral view). 60. F 9 – F 11 63. Volsella and digitus. 64. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 65 – 75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65 – 69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T 1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70 – 75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T 1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm.