Tropiphorini

Nazarenko, V. Yu. & Morozov-Leonov, S. Yu., 2018, Clonal Structure Of Some Weevil Species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) From Central Ukraine, Vestnik Zoologii 52 (4), pp. 313-322 : 317-320

Tribe Tropiphorini . Specimens of

T. micans show constant heterozygosity in some samples of one gene (Pt).

Tribe Sciaphilini . Specimens of Eusomus ovulum demonstrate a constant heterozygosity for the Es-4 gene in samples Nos. 10, 12, and 13 (fig. 5).

Tribe Polydrosini . Specimens of Liophloeus tessulatus show constant heterozygosity in some samples by three genes (Es-3, Aat, Pt), specimens of Polydrusus inustus — by one gene (Es-2) (fig. 6).

Intrapopulation clonal structure. The number of identified clones and their numbers vary widely, demonstrating both intraspecific and interspecific differences (table 1).

Tribe Otiorhynchini . In samples Fig. 3. The electrophoretic spectra of the esterases in from O. ligustici populations, the number the Otiorhynchus specimens. of identified clones varies from 3 (Nos. 2, 4) to 7 (No. 8). The most common clone in populations of this form is Ol10. It is found in 4 samples of 6, its average frequency is 0.52. The average frequency of clones Ol7, Ol9 is 0.11–0.12. The total frequency of other clones is an average of only 0.25. Clones Ol11, Ol12 (Es- 3112, Pt 103/103/110, Pt 103/110) are found in a single sample (No. 2, Bila Tserkva).

Samples Nos. 2, 8 of O. ligustici are characterized by a relatively high level of Fig. 4. The electrophoretic spectra of the esterases in clonal heterozygosity index (Het = 0.72– the Otiorhynchus tristis specimens. 0.79). The heterozygosity of sample No. 4 is significantly lower (Het = 0.27, P> 0.95). The heterozygosity of sample No. 9 has an intermediate value (0.48), not demonstrating significant differences from other samples. Values of the clonal diversity index G eff fluctuate within the range of 0.03–0.22 and do not demonstrate reliable inter-sample differences.

The number of clones in samples from O. raucus populations varies within 2 (No. 16) — 4 (No. 9). The maximum average frequency is the clone Or4, identified in 4 samples of 6 (0.47). The average frequency of the other two clones (Or2, Or5) exceeds 0.10. The total frequency of other clones is on average 0.19. Clones Or4, Or6 (Es- 386, Mdh 141, Aat 18) are found in samples No. 6, 7, 13, 16. Clones Or1–3, 5 are found only in samples Nos. 9, 15.

The sample No. 7 is represented by a single clone and, respectively, has no heterozygosity. The clonal heterozygosity in- Fig. 5. The electrophoretic spectra of the esterases in the dex of other samples is significantly higher Eusomus ovulum specimens.

(Het = 0.43–0.65, P> 0.99). Values of clonal diversity index G eff fluctuate within 0.00–0.14 and do not demonstrate reliable inter-sample differences.

A p p e n d i x

The only sample of sufficient volume (No. 16) from the population of O. ovatus is represented by two clones. The frequency of the more abundant clone Oo3 is 0.96 for this sample and 0.80 for this form on average. The frequency of the second mass clone Oo4 averages 0.14. Thus, the share of the other two clones is only 0.06. The sample number 16 is characterized by low values of clonal heterozygosity index (0.08) and clonal diversity index (0.00).

A sample of the O. tristis (No. 4) is represented by a single clone.

Tribe Tropiphorini . The only sample of the T. micans , suitable for analysis, is represented by two Fig. 6. The electrophoretic spectra of the clones. The frequency of the more abundant clone esterases in the Polydrusus inustus speci- Tc1 is 0.83. Clonal heterozygosity index is 0.33, the mens. index of clonal diversity is 0.08.

Tribe Sciaphilini . Sample No. 11 from E. ovulum population is represented by two clones. The value of the clonal heterozygosity index in sample No. 11 is 0.47. Other samples of this form are monoclonal and have zero heterozygosity (P> 0.99). Values of the clonal diversity index do not show reliable inter-sample differences.

Subfamily Polydrosinae . Tribe Polydrosini . The sample of L. tessulatus (No. 5) contains 4 clones. The clone frequency Lt2, Lt4, Lt5 is 0.29. The frequency of the rarer clone Lt3 is 0.14. The average frequency of the most abundant clone Lt2 as a whole is 0.36. Clone Lt1 (Es- 348/73) is found in the sample No. 9 only.

The clonal heterozygosity index of sample No. 5 is 0.86, the clonal diversity index is 0.46.

The number of clones in samples of P. inustus varies from 2 (No. 11) — 3 (No. 3). Clones Pi3-Pi5 (Es- 3100) are found in the samples Nos. 3, 11–14.

Values of clonal heterozygosity index in sample number 3 are 0.14, in sample No. 11–0.53, which is significantly higher (P> 0.99). Values of clonal diversity index fluctuate within 0.00–0.07 and do not demonstrate reliable inter-sample differences.

Interspecific differences in the level of genetic variability of the studied weevil forms. The number of clones identified within the studied genetic form varies from 2 ( O. tristis , T. micans ) to 14 ( O. ligustici ) (table 4, fig. 7 ). In this case, the inequality of clone frequencies in populations leads to the fact that the effective number of clones is significantly lower than observed and does not exceed 4.17 ( L. tessulatus ).

The level of genetic variability of the studied forms of weevils varies widely — from very low ( O. tristis ) to relatively high ( L. tessulatus ) (table 4, fig. 8 ). At the same time, none of the studied forms demonstrates significant differences from all others in values of genetic diversity quantitative indicators. The clonal heterozygosity index value of the L. tessulatus (Het = 0.84) was higher than in most of the studied forms (P> 0.95–0.99), except O. ligustici (Het = 0.70), O. raucus (Het = 0.73), E. ovulum (Het = 0.56).

Values of the clonal diversity index vary in more narrow limits. However, they also do not always show reliable differences. The values of this indicator for L. tessulatus (G eff = 0.32) are significantly higher (P> 0.95–0.99) than for all other forms except T. micans (G eff = 0.08). The values of the clonal diversity index for O. ligustici and O. raucus (G eff = 0.03–0.06) are significantly lower (P> 0.95–0.99) than in L. tessulatus , despite the lack of reliable differences in values of clonal heterozygosity index.

The frequency of local clones varies largely within the studied weevil forms. The value of this indicator in the O. tristis is equal to one (P loc = 1.00). In practice this means the absence of clones common to all populations. This is significantly higher than in all other forms (P> 0.95). The frequency of local clones does not show significant differences within O. ligustici , O. raucus , P. inustus (P loc = 0.21–0.23). The frequency of local clones is also similar for L. tessulatus , E. ovulum (P loc = 0.44–0.45).

Figures

Fig. 7. Polyclonal structure of studied weevil species in Central Ukraine.

Fig. 8. The values of genetic variability quantitative indicators of the studied weevil populations in Central Ukraine. Abbreviations. Het — the clonal heterozygosity, Geff — the clonal diversity index.