Senecio pyrenaicus Linnaeus

Calvo, Joel, Álvarez, Inés & Aedo, Carlos, 2015, Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), Phytotaxa 211 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

7. Senecio pyrenaicus Linnaeus in Loefling (1758: 304, 61). TYPE: Spain, Catalonia, Montes de Núria , [42º24'N 2º09'E], 22 Aug 1949, P. Font i Quer 692 (neotype, designated here, MA-348733!; isotypes, ARAN-67956 image!, BC-116534 image!, F-1395364!, HBIL-16186 image!).

Senecio persicifolius Ramond (1801: 146) [ “persicaefolius ”], nom. illeg. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 53.1), non Linnaeus (1760: 20). TYPE: [icon] Ramond (1801: tab. 11, fig. 3) (lectotype, designated here).

Senecio caespitosus Brotero (1804: 390) [“cespitosus”]. Senecio auricomus Link ex Candolle (1838a: 354) , nom. nud., pro syn. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1). Senecio tournefortii subsp. caespitosus (Brotero) Coutinho (1913: 641) . Senecio pyrenaicus var. caespitosus (Brotero) Pau (1925: 106) . Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. caespitosus (Brotero) Malagarriga (1977: 1202) . Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. herminicus Rivas Martínez (1981: 476) , nom. illeg. superfl. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 52.1). TYPE: Portugal, ex Lusitania, 1804, J.C. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (lectotype, designated here, LE!).

Senecio hervaloira Link (1804: 138) [“Herva loira”], nom. inval. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1).

Senecio rotundifolius Lapeyrouse (1813: 517) . Senecio doronicum var. rotundifolius (Lapeyrouse) Candolle (1838a: 357) . Senecio doronicum subvar. rotundifolius (Lapeyrouse) Nyman (1879: 354) . Senecio doronicum f. rotundifolius (Lapeyrouse) Fiori (1907: 181) . TYPE: France, Ariège, Vicdessos, Tres Seignous, [42º49'N 1º28'E], P.P. Lapeyrouse s.n. (lectotype, designated here, TLM image!).

Senecio tournefortii Lapeyrouse (1813: 516) . Senecio tournefortii var. serratus Pau (1896: 59) , nom. inval. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 26.2). TYPE: France, Hautes-Pyrénées, Luz-Saint-Sauveur, Cazau d’Estiba, Pen du Brada, [42º53'N 0º03'W], P.P. Lapeyrouse s.n. (lectotype, designated here, TLM image!).

Senecio tournefortii var. granatensis Boissier ex Candolle (1838b: 301) . Senecio tournefortii var. integellus Pau (1896: 59) , nom. illeg. superfl. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 52.1). Senecio pyrenaicus var. granatensis (Boissier ex Candolle) Font Quer (1948: 4) . Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. granatensis (Boissier ex Candolle) Rivas Martínez (1967: 42) . Senecio

SYSTEMATICS OF SENECIO SECTION CROCISERIS

Phytotaxa 211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 33 tournefortii subsp. granatensis (Boissier ex Candolle) Malagarriga (1973: 15) . TYPE: Spain, Andalucía, Granada, in summis Sª Nevada, [37º05'N 3º23'W], 1838, E. Boissier s.n. (lectotype, designated by Burdet et al. (1983: 799–800), G-204952 image!; isolectotypes, G-96299 image!, G-96300 image!, G-96301 image!, G-96302 image!, G-96303 image!, LE!, MPU-11939 image!, MPU-11940 image!, MPU-11942 image!).

Senecio tournefortii var. aragonensis Willkomm (1865: 115) . Senecio tournefortii subsp. aragonensis (Willkomm) Malagarriga (1973: 15) . Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. aragonensis (Willkomm) Malagarriga (1977: 1202) . TYPE: Spain, Aragón, Sierra de Moncayo, [41º47'N 1º48'W], July 1850, H.M. Willkomm 414 (lectotype, designated here, COI-37629!; isolectotype, LE!).

Senecio tournefortii var. carpetanus Willkomm (1865: 115) . Senecio tournefortii var. serrulatus Pau (1896: 59) , nom. illeg. superfl. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 52.1). Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus (Willkomm) Rivas Martínez (1964: 274) . Senecio tournefortii subsp. carpetanus (Willkomm) Malagarriga (1973: 15) . TYPE: Spain, Ávila, Sierra de Gredos au-dessus de Bohoyo, [40º16'N 5º23'W], 10 July 1863, E. Bourgeau 2515 (lectotype, designated here, COI-37627!; isolectotype, LE!; syntypes, COI-37625!, COI-37626!).

Senecio tournefortii var. pyrenaicus Willkomm (1865: 114) . Type: Spain, Catalonia, Vall d'Aran, Arties , [42º42'N 0º52'E], without date, A.C. Costa s.n. (lectotype, designated here, COI-37628!).

Senecio tournefortii f. angustifolia Pau (1912: 40) . TYPE: Spain, Galicia, Cordillera Cabrerica, July 1872, E.F. Martín del Amo s.n. (lectotype, designated here, MA-130469!).

Senecio pyrenaicus var. asturiensis Rivas Goday , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (SALA-50331 image!).

Senecio tournefortii var. angustifolius Sennen , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (BC-29058!).

Senecio tournefortii var. guadarramica Vicioso ex Sennen , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (BC-872413!).

Perennial herb. Rhizome 2.2–11.2 cm long, 0.4–1 cm in diam., ± horizontal, with swelled fastigiate roots. Stem 17–76 cm, erect, rarely ascending, densely leaved, corrugated, solid, sometimes ramificated, covered with scattered trichomes to glabrescent, rarely ± arachnoid near the base, base without remnants of old leaves or tufts of hairs, sometimes violet coloured. Basal leaves 3.9–7.3 cm long, 1.1–2.4 cm wide, withering early, lanceolate to oblanceolate (ratio basal leaf width / basal leaf length = 0.27–0.51), obtuse, often mucronate, attenuate to cuneate, with a petiole 0.8–5 cm long, dentate (teeth 0.6–1.5 mm deep), sometimes entire, glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes, rarely slightly arachnoid (trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long), concolorous. Cauline leaves 7–16; middle cauline leaves 5–11.8 cm long, 1–4.4 cm wide, alternate, lanceolate to elliptic (ratio middle leaf width / middle leaf length = 0.17–0.51), acute to obtuse acuminate, attenuated into a petiole up to 5 cm long, dentate, rarely entire (teeth 0.2–1.5 mm deep), glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes (trichomes 0.1–0.7 mm long), rarely slightly arachnoid, tertiary venation inconspicuous; upper cauline leaves 1.7–9.3 cm long, 0.2–4.4 cm wide, lanceolate to oblong (ratio upper leaf width / upper leaf length = 0.11–0.55), acute to obtuse and acuminate, attenuated into a petiole up to 0.8 cm long, sometimes sessile, dentate (teeth 0.3–1.5 mm deep), rarely entire, glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes. Synflorescence 5–30 cm long, corymbose, sometimes ± paniculate, with lanceolate-oblong bracts. Capitula (1–)4–7(–21), 27.2–48.9 mm in diam.; involucre 10.4–19.5 mm in diam., 6–10 mm long, cupuliform; involucral bracts (15–)20–22(–28), 4.3–12.2 mm long, 1–2.4 mm wide, with scarious margin 0.2–0.7 mm wide, ensiform, acute, 0–2-keeled, apex with a black spot, with scattered trichomes (trichomes 0.1–0.7 mm long) or glabrescent, rarely slightly arachnoid; supplementary bracts (4–)6–7(–13), 2.5–7.5 mm long, 0.4–1.1 mm wide, subulate-oblong, without scarious margin, a half to as long as involucral bracts, with scattered trichomes (trichomes 0.1–0.9 mm long), sometimes only on the margin or glabrescent, rarely slightly arachnoid, not imbricated. Ligulate florets 11–22, 13.5–26.3 mm long, yellow; tubular florets 6.3–11 mm long, 0.7–1.9 mm in diam., yellow. Achenes 3.9–5.2 mm long, 0.9–1.4 mm wide, subcylindrical (ratio achene width / achene length = 0.19–0.33), shorter than pappus (ratio achene length / pappus length = 0.41–0.67), with 10–12 ribs, glabrous; pappus 6–10.8 mm long, whitish. Chromosome number: 2 n =40 ( Queirós 1978: 76); n =20 ( Küpfer & Favarger 1967: 2463, sub S. tournefortii var. pyrenaicus, Küpfer & Favarger 1967: 2463 , sub S. tournefortii var. granatensis ).

Iconography: — Hoffmannsegg & Link (1825 –1828: 307, fig. 99, sub S. caespitosus ); Ramond (1801: tab. 11, fig. 3, sub S. persicaefolius ); Bonnier (1922: fig. 286, n.º 1422, sub S. tournefortii ).

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CALVO ET AL.

Distribution and habitat: — Spain, Portugal and S France; rocky outcrops, subalpine meadows, sometimes in woods of Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus (1753: 1000) and Pinus uncinata , usually on siliceous soils, less common on calcareous soils; 1000–2750 m elevation ( Figure 11 ).

Phenology: —Flowering from June to September.

Etymology: —The epithet pyrenaicus refers to the Pyrenees Mountains, where the species grows, and probably Linnaeus received a collection of Barnades (Catalonian botanist who collected in Pyrenees) through his pupil Loefling.

Discussion: — Senecio pyrenaicus is characteristic for its glabrescent and slightly succulent leaves, all similar in size. Moreover, the basal and lower cauline leaves are withering early. The most similar species are S. transylvanicus and S. doriiformis , both with a range far away from the Iberian Peninsula. Senecio pyrenaicus and S. transylvanicus have glabrescent leaves regularly dentate (sometimes entire), but can be easily distinguished by the number of capitula [higher in S. pyrenaicus , (1–)4–7(–21) vs. 1(–3)], and the length of supplementary bracts (shorter in S. pyrenaicus , 2.5–7.5 vs. 6.3–13.8 mm). Regarding S. doriiformis , the number of involucral bracts is a useful character to differentiate them [(10–)12–13(–14) vs. (15–)20–22(–28) in S. pyrenaicus ].

This taxon presents a high variability with regard to the shape and margin of the leaves, which are usually dentate but sometimes subentire to entire. The populations from Sierra Nevada (SE Spain) were described as a subspecies based on their entire leaf margin. Certainly, the specimens with subentire to entire leaves are more frequent in this region, but specimens with dentate leaves are also found. Likewise, the populations from Serra da Estrela ( Portugal) were recognized by some authors as S. pyrenaicus subsp. caespitosus (Brotero) Malagarriga (1977: 1202) on the basis of their acute and usually entire margin of the leaves. No clear pattern is observed in the distribution of the mentioned characters, and therefore no infraspecific taxa are recognized.

The presence of S. pyrenaicus in Galicia ( NW Spain) reported by Pau (1912) was based on a Martín del Amo’s collection from “Cordillera Cabrerica” ( Martín del Amo July 1872, MA). This toponym actually corresponds to Sierra de la Cabrera in the province of León. No other collection from Galicia supports its presence there .

A clarification about the identity of S. rotundifolius has to be provided. Traditionally, S. rotundifolius has been subordinated to S. doronicum . According to Clos (1857), it falls within the great variability of the leaf width in S. pyrenaicus .

SYSTEMATICS OF SENECIO SECTION CROCISERIS

Phytotaxa 211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 35

Also, it may be interesting to note that the labels of the isolectotypes of S. tournefortii var. granatensis Boissier ex Candolle (1838b: 301) wrongly show the locality Sierra Tejeda instead of Sierra Nevada .

Finally, it is worthwhile to mention that we have found two putative hybrid specimens (Calvo 4059, MA) between S. pyrenaicus and S. doria Linnaeus (1759: 1215) in Carrocera (León Province, Spain) (see Calvo et al. 2013).

Selected specimens examined. ANDORRA. Ordino, Sispony, subida al pic de Carroi, 42º31’N, 1º30’E, 28 Aug 2002, C . Aedo, I . Aizpuru & J . Pedrol 8479 ( MA) . FRANCE. Haute-Garonne: Luchon, en montant au Port de Venasque , 42º42’N, 0º38’E, 7 Aug 1886, F . Fages s.n. ( MA). Hautes-Pyrénées: Somaoute, près de Gèdre ( Hautes-Pyrénées ), 42º52’N, 0º4’W, 24 July 1865, H . Bordère 876 ( LE). Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Hte. Vallee d'Ossau , 42º50’N, 0º25’W, 23 Sep 1880, J. E . Doassans 2933 ( K). Pyrénées-Orientales: Canigou , infra col des Cortalets, 42º32’N, 2º27’E, 2 July 1926, K. H . Rechinger 184 ( G) . PORTUGAL. Beira Alta: Sierra de Estrella , 40º25’N, 7º34’W, 1848, F. M. J . Welwitsch 793 ( LE). Beira Baixa : Serra da Estrella, Covão das Vaccas , 40º19’N, 7º35’W, July 1887, A . Moller 273 ( WU) . SPAIN. Almería: Bayárcal, Sierra Nevada, El Chullo, 37º5’N, 2º59’W, 6 July 1986, A . Segura Zubizarreta 31465 ( LE). Asturias: Lena, Tuiza de Arriba, pr. refugio del Meicín , 43º1’N, 5º56’W, 25 July 2009, J . Calvo 3993 ( MA). Ávila: Santiago del Collado, pr. Puerto de Peña Negra , 40º25’N, 5º18’W, 25 July 2008, J . Calvo 2671 ( MA). Burgos: Picos de Urbión , entre Tres-provincias y Muñalba, 42º1’N, 2º54’W, 31 July 1988, J. A . Alejandre & B . Fernández de Betoño 249 ( MA). Cantabria: ladera NW del pico Cuchillón, Alto Campoo , 40º31’N, 4º23’W, 6 Aug 2008, C . Aedo 15850 ( MA). Girona: La Cerdanya, Guils de Cerdanya , del refugio de la Feixa a el pla dels Empedrats, 42º27’N, 1º48’E, 29 June 2011, J . Calvo 5687 ( MA). Granada: in altis Sierra Tejeda [Nevada], 37º5’N, 3º23’W, E . Boissier 115 ( G, LE). Guadalajara: Cantalojas, valle del Zarzas , alto del Hornillo , 41º15’N, 3º23’W, 12 July 1986, J. M . Cardiel s.n. ( MA). Huesca: Panticosa, Ibón de las Ranas , 42º45’N, 0º15’W, 14 Aug 1983, I . Aizpuru & P . Catalán 21190 ( MA). Jaén : in aridis montium "Sierra de Castril", 37º55’N, 2º41’W, July 1903, E . Reverchon 5096 ( LE). La Rioja: Logroño, 2 km. NE del puerto de Piqueras, 42º4’N, 2º31’W, 12 Aug 2004, C . Aedo 10459 ( MA). León: Boca de Huérgano, macizo de Peña Prieta, Hoyo de Vargas , 43º1’N, 4º45’W, 15 July 1990, J. A . Alejandre & G . Zúñiga 285 ( MA). Lleida: Pallars Sobirà, Vall Ferrera , barranc d'Aixeus hacia el Monteixo, 42º37’N, 1º21’E, 12 Sep 2009, C . Aedo et al. 16905 ( MA). Madrid: Pinilla del Valle , pr. la cumbre de El Nevero, 40º59’N, 3º50’W, 24 Sep 2007, J . Calvo 1580 ( MA). Navarra: Isaba, peña Ezkaurri , 42º51’N, 0º50’W, 22 July 1987, P . Urrutia et al. s.n. ( MA). Palencia: Velilla del Río Carrión, Pico Espigüete , alrededores del refugio, 42º57’N, 4º46’W, 8 Nov 2007, J . Calvo & A . Quintanar 1832 ( MA). Salamanca: Sierra de Béjar , El Calvitero, 40º17’N, 5º44’W, 28 July 1982, E . Rico 281 ( MA). Segovia: San Ildefonso, puerto de Navacerrada , vertiente norte del Alto de las Guarramillas, 40º47’N, 3º58’W, 19 July 2009, J . Calvo & S . Hantson 3953 ( MA). Soria: Laguna Negra ( Picos de Urbión ), 41º59’N, 2º50’W, L. F . Aparicio s.n. ( MA). Zaragoza: Tarazona, Sierra del Moncayo , en el fondo del circo, 41º47’N, 1º49’W, 28 Aug 1988, J. A . Alejandre 546 ( MA) .

Figures

FIGURE 11. Distribution map for Senecio pyrenaicus Linnaeus (●).