Rugabinthus Robillard & Tan, 2022

Tan, Ming Kai & Robillard, Tony, 2022, Rugabinthus, a new genus of Lebinthina (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae) from New Guinea, Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (1), pp. 9-40 : 9

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.73800
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3906D111-1849-4F9B-87FD-F70673B1B60E
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5239CAF1-F14C-4332-8153-2EC75E03CF0D
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:5239CAF1-F14C-4332-8153-2EC75E03CF0D
treatment provided by	Journal of Orthoptera Research by Pensoft
scientific name	Rugabinthus Robillard & Tan
status	gen. nov.

Treatment

Genus Rugabinthus Robillard & Tan View in CoL gen. nov.

Type species. -

Lebinthus leopoldi Chopard, 1931

Etymology. -

Genus named after the Latin word “Ruga” for wrinkle or fold, referring to the characteristic fold on the male FW carrying the diagonal vein.

Distribution. -

Island of New Guinea: Indonesia (West Papua) and Papua New Guinea (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ).

Diagnosis. -

Among the Lebinthina genera, Rugabinthus species are average to large sized and stocky with a dark brown coloration. General shape close to that of Macrobinthus , also from New Guinea, from which it differs by male FWs with a narrow triangular harp (shield shaped in Macrobinthus ) occupying half of FW width, with a characteristic and strong diagonal fold carrying the diagonal vein and cell c1, and separating FWs in two distinct areas; file vein area also characterized by a strong bean-shaped sclerotization; harp with a strong transverse oblique vein, bi- or poly-furcated anteriorly; venation posterior to diagonal fold usually faint and reticulated, longitudinal veins only strong at apex. Eyes prominent and large as in Macrobinthus compared to Agnotecous and Centuriarus ; face as high as wide (higher than wide in Macrobinthus ), close to that of Lebinthus . Microptery in both sexes, FWs not reaching mid-length of abdomen. Mirror not differentiated (slightly differentiated in Macrobinthus ). CuA almost straight (clearly curved inwards in Macrobinthus ). Male genitalia with pseudepiphallus usually elongate, its posterior apex highly variable in size and shape, rami short; pseudepiphallic parameres made of two main lobes variable in shape and orientation; endophallic sclerite very long, trifid posteriorly. Female: FWs shorter than in males, very slightly overlapping, generally rounded posteriorly. Ovipositor rather long, its apex slightly denticulate on dorsal edge. Female copulatory papilla usually rounded, with a C-shaped basal sclerite; apex rounded, generally folded ventrally.

Description. -

Size variable, medium to large for the subtribe. Dorsum of head rounded, prolonged by trapezoidal fastigium almost as long as wide (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ). Head dorsum with six wide dark brown longitudinal bands more or less distinct (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ). Eyes large and prominent. Head triangular in facial view, almost as wide as high (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). Face coloration usually red brown to dark brown or black, with various color patterns; most species with four pale brown or yellow dots forming a square on face (two between scapes, and two above epistomal suture) (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). Maxillary palpi brown or dark brown (sometimes black in dark species) with lighter brown rings. Ocelli pale, forming a rather wide triangle; median ocellus slightly oval, lateral ocelli small and rounded. Scapes small. Antennae usually dark brown with yellow brown rings. Lateral part of head dark brown with a yellow spot below eye and a yellow band behind eye (Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ). Pronotum dorsal disk trapezoidal, wider than long, its posterior margin straight, usually dark brown with lateral edges yellow (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ). Lateral lobes of pronotum longer than high, most often uniformly red brown or black dorsally, its ventral margin mostly dark brown, sometimes with a yellow pattern (Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ). Legs: TI with two tympana; inner tympanum covered by a flat sclerotized expansion, its membrane visible along a small longitudinal slit only; outer tympanum ellipsoidal, its membrane transversally plicate in dorsal half. TI with two inner and two outer apical spurs. TII with two inner and two outer spurs. FIII muscular. TIII serrulate on their whole length, slightly furrowed dorso-longitudinally and with four pairs of subapical spurs and three pairs of apical spurs; inner spurs long and curved, outer spurs shorter and straight. Legs I and II light brown to yellow brown, femora with brown spots and longitudinal patterns, tibiae with brown rings. TaIII-1 with 4-5 spines on dorsal outer edge, without spines on dorsal inner edge. TIIIs and tarsomeres brown with spines and spurs with dark apices. FWs short in both sexes, not reaching abdomen mid-length; hind wings absent. Cerci well developed, nearly as long as abdomen. Abdomen: Tergites brown to dark brown, without longitudinal bands.

Male. Metanotal glands absent. Dorsal field of FWs not distinctly longer than lateral field. FWs longer than wide, longer than pronotum dorsal disk. FW venation (Figs 2 View Figure 2 , 7 View Figure 7 ): 1A vein (file) transverse part straight, variably curved at basal end, bisinuate anteriorly to angle, forming a notch in most species. Genus characterized by a large bean-shaped sclerotization posterior to transverse part of file vein (1A), including base of chords. Diagonal vein straight or faintly sinusoidal, strong basally, fainter posteriorly. Harp triangular, longer than wide, occupying approximately half of dorsal field surface; with a strong characteristic fold along posterior face, carrying diagonal vein and cell c1 and delimiting dorsal field of FW in two distinct parts; harp with a strong transverse oblique vein, bi- or poly-furcated anteriorly; area posterior to diagonal fold with weak reticulated venation, cell alignments almost indistinct except at apex and main longitudinal veins weak except at apex. CuA anterior part strong throughout, straight, slightly curved inward near apex. Mirror (d1) usually not differentiated. Apical field short, including one or two cell alignments. Lateral field with 5-6 strong longitudinal veins; Sc vein without bifurcation. Subgenital plate elongated, clog-shaped, slightly pointed; inner side of subgenital plate with lateral swellings. Epiproct and subgenital plate brown.

Male genitalia: (Figs 8 View Figure 8 , 11 View Figure 11 , 15 View Figure 15 , 20 View Figure 20 , 24 View Figure 24 ) Pseudepiphallus triangular, variable in length but usually elongate, its basal margin straight or variably indented in the middle, posterior apex usually somewhat truncated, sometimes slightly acute, rarely with paired lophi. Rami very short, usually shorter than half of pseudepiphallus length, parallel to slightly diverging anteriorly. Pseudepiphallic parameres average sized and sclerotized, variable in shape, with posterior apex usually enlarged, their basis strong. Ectophallic apodemes parallel and long, usually reaching beyond anterior margin of pseudepiphallic sclerite. Ectophallic arc well sclerotized, transverse. Ectophallic fold with two ventral sclerites of variable shapes, sometimes fused together. Endophallic sclerite Y-shaped, comprising a long anterior region and a short median expansion and lateral arms posteriorly.

Female. FWs very short, shorter than in male, reaching or slightly surpassing posterior margin of first tergite, close together and usually slightly overlapping at their bases. Dorsal field usually oblique posteriorly (more so in some species than others); dorsal field and lateral field with more or less distinct longitudinal veins (Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ). Dorsal field with cells brown and mottled and veins brown; lateral field with cells brown mottled with gray, and veins brown.

Female genitalia: Ovipositor most often slightly longer than FIII, slightly denticulate on dorsal edge, its apex acute. Female copulatory papilla rounded, almost entirely membranous, sometimes with a basal sclerotized ring; apex rounded, generally folded ventrally (Fig. 10 View Figure 10 ).

Calling song. -

Unknown.

Natural history. -

The rare information obtained from photographs from iNaturalist suggest that these crickets are found in the leaf litter and in the foliage of low-lying vegetation in forest (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ).

Included species. -

(14 in total; ordered by similarity)

R. leopoldi (Chopard, 1931) comb. nov.

R. mamberamo sp. nov.

R. yayukae sp. nov.

R. faowi sp. nov.

R. kencana sp. nov.

R. manokwari sp. nov.

R. maoke sp. nov.

R. biakis sp. nov.

R. nabire sp. nov.

R. tariku sp. nov.