Cleonymidae revived status, 1988

Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2022, From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94, pp. 13-88 : 13

Cleonymidae revived status

Cleonymidae Walker, 1837. Type genus: Cleonymus Latreille, 1809.

Diagnosis.

Antenna with 9 flagellomeres, including usually a single clavomere, which is sometimes vaguely divided into 3 clavomeres in males, and with a subapical finger-like process or spine extending alongside the clava and/or with an additional apical spine in females. Eyes ventrally divergent. Clypeus with transverse subapical groove. Labrum exposed, sclerotized. Mandibles with 2 or 3 teeth (Fig. 11 ), sometimes with a truncation in place of the dorsal teeth. Subforaminal bridge with a postgenal bridge dorsal to the hypostoma and separating the lower tentorial bridge from the convergent hypostomal carina, and without a postgenal groove or postgenal lamina. Pronotum without a smooth median longitudinal line or carina. Prepectus with dorsal margin at least as long as tegula. Notauli incomplete. Tegula not covering most of humeral plate. Mesoscutellum without a frenum, although frenal arm visible only laterally immediately anterior to marginal rim of mesoscutellum; without axillular sulcus. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal; metafemur with or without ventral teeth, with apical spurs arising from a truncate metatibial apex when the metafemur has ventral teeth (Fig. 12 ). Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium.

Discussion.

Cleonymidae in its current, narrow sense represents the former Cleonymini , as characterized by Gibson (2003). It includes Agrilocida Steffan new placement, previously placed in Chalcedectini , but which is distinct morphologically and consistently is placed in Cleonymidae in next-generation molecular analyses. This is now a relatively small and narrowly-defined group in comparison with the previous sense of Cleonyminae , and may be confused with other relatively large-bodied taxa that have ventrally divergent eyes.

Females of Eupelmidae , Metapelmatidae , Neanastatidae , and Eopelma Gibson have an enlarged, convex and pad-like acropleuron that covers most or all of the mesopleural area. Lyciscidae , Chalcedectidae , Ooderidae , Pelecinellidae , and Boucekiidae differ from Cleonymidae in having complete notauli. Heydeniidae have a long prepectus with large lateral and ventral surfaces. While some Cleonymidae have ventral teeth on the metafemur, they do not strongly resemble Chalcididae , especially because of the metallic coloration of most Cleonymidae versus the usually non-metallic coloration of Chalcididae , but also because Cleonymidae have incomplete notauli, a larger prepectus, and a smaller tegula that does not cover most of the humeral plate. Coelocybidae usually have non-metallic coloration but also have a distinctive frenum with at least one pair of strong mesoscutellar setae on or nearly adjacent to the frenal groove, whereas the mesoscutellum in Cleonymidae is evenly covered with short and decumbent setae. Additionally, Coelocybidae do not have any spine or finger-like projection on or extending alongside the clava from a previous segment in females.

Figures

Figures 7 - 12. 7 Neocalosoter sp. (Cerocephalidae): mesosoma in lateral view 8 - 10 Chalcedectus sp. (Chalcedectidae) 8 antenna 9 mesosoma in lateral view 10 hind leg 11 Cleonymus sp. (Cleonymidae): head in frontal view 12 Agrilocida ferrieri Steffan (Cleonymidae): hind leg.