Dryocosmus konradi Tang & Melik, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 118-123

Dryocosmus konradi Tang & Melik sp. n. Figures 91-98 , 99-102 , 103-104

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Guandou, western peak, Renai Township, ex Quercus longinux , 22.III.2011 (TAI84), 24.014233°N, 120.981033°E, 1270m, ex small oval yellow gall towards base of young buds, (AGWP-Morpho28), em. 31.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. PARATYPES: 10 females and 4 males: 2 female paratypes with the same labels as holotype; 1 male and 6 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Guandou, western peak, Renai Township, ex Quercus longinux , 22.III.2011 (TAI84), 24.014233°N, 120.981033°E, 1270m, ex small oval yellow gall towards base of young buds, (AGWP-Morpho28), em. 27.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., road to Lingxiao Temple, Renai Township, ex Quercus glauca , 26.IV.2011 (TWT499), 24°59'48.08"N, 121°00'51.52"E, 774m, ex oval-shaped gall at bud base (AGWP-Morpho28), adult em. 28.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 male and 1 female paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., road to Lingxiao Temple, Renai Township, ex Quercus glauca , 26.IV.2011 (TWT499), 24°59'48.08"N, 121°00'51.52"E, 774m, ex oval-shaped gall at bud base (AGWP-Morpho28), adult em. 29.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 male paratypes: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., road to Lingxiao Temple, Renai Township, ex Quercus glauca , 26.IV.2011 (TWT499), 24°59'48.08"N, 121°00'51.52"E, 774m, ex oval-shaped gall at bud base (AGWP-Morpho28), adult em. 30.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang.

The female holotype, 2 female and 1 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 4 female and 2 male paratypes in PHMB, 4 female and 1 male paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

In recognition of the continuous contribution of Dr. Konrad Lohse (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland) in related studies on oak gallwasps.

Diagnosis.

See diagnosis for Dryocosmus hualieni .

Description.

Sexual female: Head color: black to dark brown, clypeus lighter; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel and F1 light brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except lighter tegula; legs yellow.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.70. Head width / head height: 1.10. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.71. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.84. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.30. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.0. OOL / LOL: 1.60. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.0. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.05. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous except median elevated area coriaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: NOT CODED. Vertex reflectivity: NOT CODED. Vertex pilosity color: NOT CODED. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: NOT CODED. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with delicate rugae along oral foramen. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1. F1 length / pedicel length: 2.7. F1 length / F3 length: 1.00. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: F4>F5>F6>F7. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: 1.1. F8 length / F7 length: 1.4. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F 10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: F9 <F10 <F11. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.76. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F1-F12.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.17. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: absent. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.2. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: 1.00. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): smooth medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: absent. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1.2. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 0.8. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with some piliferous punctures. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.75. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis at half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown proximally, lighter distally. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present laterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 2.10. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.10-2.30 mm (n=3).

Male: Similar to female. Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; antenna brown; scape, pedicel and F1 light brown; F2-F13 dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.48. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.13. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 1.5-1.7 mm (n=2).

Gall (Figs 103-104 ): The gall is single-chambered and ovate, greenish with a yellowish central area, 2.3-2.8 mm in length, 1.3-2.1 mm in width (n=5). Galls are located at the base of young shoots, covered by bud scales and are cryptic unless bud scales are removed.

Biology.

Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from late March through April on Quercus glauca and Quercus longinux ; adults emerge from galls under laboratory conditions immediately after field collection.

Distribution.

Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County. Quercus glauca is widespread from India through China to Japan; it is possible that this Dryocosmus species occurs in these regions as well.

Comments.

Some specimens reared from galls on Quercus longinux slightly differ from those reared from galls on Quercus glauca (the description given above): the head and mesosoma have weaker coriaceous sculpture, the head, mesosoma, and metasoma are more glossy; the mesoscutum narrower; F1 in females slightly shorter.

Figures

Figures 91 - 98. Dryocosmus konradi sp. n. 91 - 93 head, female: 91 frontal view 92 dorsal view 93 posterior view 94 - 96 head, male: 94 frontal view 95 dorsal view 96 posterior view 97 - 98 antenna: 97 female 98 male.

Figures 99 - 102. Dryocosmus konradi, female, sp. n. 99 - 100 mesosoma: 99 lateral view 100 dorsal view 101 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 102 fore wing, part (scf = scutellar fovea).

Figures 103 - 104. Dryocosmus konradi sp. n., galls (photos by C. - T. Tang).