Polynoncus brasiliensis ( Vaurie, 1962 )

Costa-Silva, Vinícius, Strümpher, Werner P., Thyssen, Patricia J. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the South American genus Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae), Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4), pp. 14-166 : 45-48

Polynoncus brasiliensis ( Vaurie, 1962)

( Figures 14–15 )

Trox brasiliensis Vaurie, 1962: 134 (original description)

Trox (Polynoncus) brasiliensis : Scholtz 1982: 15 (catalogue)

Polynoncus brasiliensis : Scholtz 1986a: 362 (systematics); Scholtz 1990: 1443 (redescription); Bachmann et al. 2010: 55 (catalogue of types housed in MACN); Zidek 2013: 8 (checklist); Zidek 2017: 98 (checklist); Costa-Silva and Diéguez 2020: 271 (records from Argentina)

Type specimen examined. HOLOTYPE. (♂ MZSP – Figure 14 ) First label [white with black frame, typeset]: ‘ S. Paulo – Ypiranga / [Frederico] Lange de Morretes / Coll. I-XII-1937’. Second label [yellow, typeset]: ♂ [typeset]. Third label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘HOLOTIPO’. Fourth label [red, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘TYPE / Trox / brasiliensis / Vaurie’ ( Figure 14d ). Type locality: ‘ Ypiranga’, São Paulo ( Brazil), collected by Frederico Lange de Morretes (1892–1954).

PARATYPES (2 ♂, 4 ♀ and 15 unsexed MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 1-XII-1937 ’ (1 ♂ MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [yellow, typeset]: ‘ ♂ ’. Third label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Fourth label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 30-XI-1937 ’ (1 ♂ MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [yellow, typeset]: ‘ ♀ ’. Third label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Fourth label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 30-XI-1937 ’ (1 ♀ MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [yellow, typeset]: ‘ ♀ ’. Third label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Fourth label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 1-XII-1937 ’ (2 ♀ MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 8-XII-1937 ’ (2 MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . 9-XII-1937 ’ (1 MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S. Paulo – Ypiranga / XII-1937 / Maria Cardoso coll’. (1 MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S . Paulo – Ypiranga / Lange de Morretes / Coll . XII-1937 ’ (1 MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S. Paulo – Ypiranga / XII-1937 / F. Lane coll’. (1 MZSP). First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Third label [white, typeset]: ‘S. Paulo – Ypiranga / XI-1937 / F. Lane coll’. (3 MZSP). First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [white, typeset]: ‘ ♀ ’. Third label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Fourth label [white, typeset]: ‘S. Paulo – Ypiranga / X-1937 / F. Lane coll’. (1 ♀ MZSP) . First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’ . Third label [white, Hermann Luederwaldt’s hanwriting]: ‘ Ypiranga / SP Cap . / dez .1912 / Luederw’ . (2 MZSP). First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting] : ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Third label [white, Hermann Luederwaldt’s hanwriting]: ‘S. Paulo-Ypiranga / III-1909 / LUEDERW. COLL’. (1 MZSP). First label [yellow, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘ PARATYPE / Trox / brasilien- / sis / P. VAURIE’. Second label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘PARATIPO’. Third label [white, Hermann Luederwaldt’s handwriting]: ‘S. Paulo-Ypiranga / III-1910 / LUEDERW. COLL’. (3 MZSP).

Differential diagnosis. Polynoncus brasiliensis is morphologically similar to P. gemmingeri but can easily be separated from the latter by the presence of a subhumeral ridge on the elytra ( Figure 14b – white arrows). Polynoncus gemmingeri lack the subhumeral ridge on the elytra. For details of description, see Vaurie (1962, p. 134) and Scholtz (1990, p. 1443).

Geographic distribution. This species is known from south-eastern South America. It is recorded from Brazil, Paraguay and, for the first time, Argentina ( Figure 15 ).

Examined non-type material (136 specimens). ARGENTINA: Misiones, Dos de Mayo , November 2007, E . Abadie leg . (1♂ CEMT); Loreto , March 1936, no collector (1 MLPA); without specific locality or date, H . Richter leg . (1 MLPA). BRAZIL: Goiás, Goiânia, Campinas , October 1935, Spitz leg . (1 MZSP); Goiânia, Campinas , November 1936, S .B . Pessôa leg . (2 MZSP); Leopoldo Bulhões , October 1935, Spitz leg . (1 MZSP). Minas Gerais, Campestre , 23 March 1960, A . Zaneti leg . (1♂ MZSP); Uberaba, Irará Train Station , 1909, Dr Bach leg . (1 MZSP). Paraná, Céu Azul, IguaÇu National Park , 655 m, 25.150°S, 53.833°W, 14 October 2015, Light trap, Atlantic Forest,R . Barros leg . (1♂ CEMT); Curitiba, Barigui , December 1940,R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , January 1942, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , January 1948, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , February 1942, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , February 1947, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , September 1940, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , October 1940, R . Lange leg . (3 DZUP); Curitiba , October 1947, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Curitiba , November 1940, R . Lange leg . (4 DZUP); Curitiba , December 1939, R . Lange leg . (1 DZUP); Jaguariaíva , 1 January 1973, F . Giacomel leg . (1 DZUP); Londrina, Mata dos Godoy State Park , 610 m, 23.433°S, 53.833°W, 5 December 2016, Light trap, R . Barros leg . (1♀ CEMT); Ponta Grossa, Reserva Iapar Br 376 [Agronomic Institute of Parana], 19 November 1987, no collector (1 DZUP); Ponta Grossa , Reserva Iapar Br 376 [Agronomic Institute of Parana], 17 May 1988,no collector (1 DZUP); Ponta Grossa , Reserva Iapar Br 376 [Agronomic Institute of Parana], 18 January 1988, no collector (1 DZUP); Rio Negro , 24 August 1970, Mielke leg . (2 DZUP); Banhado March 1972,P .J . Riehs leg. (1 DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul, Bento GonÇalves , September 2001, C . Arioli leg . (1 CEMT); Bento GonÇalves , September 2001, C . Arioli leg . (2 CEMT); Caxias do Sul, 23 September 2014, T . Maschio leg . (1 MCNZ); Caxias do Sul, 24 January 1927, no collector (1 MCNZ); Monte Belo do Sul , 20 September 2001,C . Arioli leg . (1♂ and 1 unsexed CEMT); Porto Alegre, 11 May 1932, no collector (1 MGAP); Porto Alegre , 16–18 March 1980, M .E .L. Souza leg . (1 MCNZ); Porto Alegre, 31 October 1961,no collector (1 MGAP); Santa Cruz do Sul, Cerro Alegre , 29.804°S, 52.333°W, 11 February 2012,R . Bohn leg . (1 CEMT); Santa Maria, Botanic Garden, Federal University of Santa Maria , 96 m, 29.717°S, 53.725°W, 12 July 2013, rat carcass, V . Costa-Silva leg . (1 CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro da Caturrita February 1993, Witeck leg . (1 MCNZ); Santa Maria, Morro da Caturrita , 24 May 1994, Witeck leg . (8 MCNZ); Santa Maria, Morro da Caturrita , May 1993, Witeck leg . (8 MCNZ); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 1 August 2016, faeces, S . Cassenote leg . (1 CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 1 August 2016,faeces,S . Cassenote leg .(1 CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785° W, 14 October 2016, faeces, S . Cassenote leg . (2 CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 15 May 2017, faeces, Atlantic Forest, S . Cassenote leg . (1 EMAC); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 15 April 2017, faeces, Atlantic Forest, S . Cassenote leg . (1♀ and 3 unsexed CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 19 April 2017, faeces, S . Cassenote leg . (2 CEMT); Santa Maria, Morro do Cerrito , 211 m, 29.701°S, 53.785°W, 28 June 2016, faeces, S . Cassenote leg .(1 CEMT); São Jerônimo , 13– 19 August 1982, T . Arigony leg . (2 MCNZ); São Jerônimo , 21 June 1982, M .E .L. Souza leg . (1 MCNZ); São Jerônimo , 5 August 1982, M .E .L. Souza leg . (1 MCNZ); Silveira Martins , 29.633°S, 53.616°W, July 2011, human faeces, G . Viegas leg . (4 CEMT); Triunfo , COPESUL [Southern Petrochemical Company], 18 September–18 October 1993, no collector (9 MCNZ); Triunfo, COPESUL [Southern Petrochemical Company], 23 October–4 December 2001, pitfall trap, no collector (1 MCNZ); Triunfo, COPESUL [Southern Petrochemical Company], 4 December–3 January 2002, no collector (1 MCNZ); Viamão, 26 September 1964, no collector (1 MGAP) . Santa Catarina, Campos Novos , 27.383°S, 51.200°W, February 2014, pitfall trap with bait, R . C Campos leg . (1 CERPE); Campos Novos , 27.383°S, 51.200°W, February 2014, pitfall trap with bait, R . C Campos leg . (2♂ and 4 unsexed CEMT); Florianópolis, Rio Vermelho , January 1961, Dirings leg . (2 MZSP); Florianópolis, Rio Vermelho , March 1961, Dirings leg . (1 MZSP); Rancho Queimado , 1300 m, 28.139°S, 49.630°W, 17 December 2015, pitfall with meat as bait, P .G . da Silva leg . (2 CEMT); Rio das Antas , January 1953, Camargo leg . (2 MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia , 24 December 1941, Fritz Plaumann leg . (1 MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia , 300–500 m, 27.183°S, 52.383°W, 24 December 1963, Fritz Plaumann leg .(1 SAMC); Seara, Nova Teutônia , 300–500 m, 27.183°S, 52.383°W, October 1963, Fritz Plaumann leg . (1 MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia, no date or collector (1 SAMC); Seara , Nova Teutônia , December 1963, Fritz Plaumann leg . (1 MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia, December 1963, no collector (2 MLPA); Urubici , São Joaquim National Park , 1300 m, 28.139°S, 49.630°W, 22 October 2015, pitfall with meat as bait, P .G . da Silva leg . (1♀ CEMT); without specific locality, October 1932, Maller leg . (1 MZSP). São Paulo, Barueri , December 1966, K . Lenko leg . (1♀ MZSP); Cabreúva , 640 m, 23.305°S, 47.131°W, 29 January 2015, pig carcass, Atlantic Forest, N . Purgato leg . (1♂ CEMT); Franco de Rocha , 18 May 1950, Rabello leg .(4 MZSP); Itatiba , December 1935, Worontzow leg .(1 MZSP); Osasco , October 1953, Gaus leg . (1 MZSP); São Paulo, Bela Vista, Rua Maestro Cardim , October 1957, Dirings leg . (1♀ MZSP); São Paulo, Ipiranga , 17 November 1926, F . Ohaus leg . (1♀ MNHN); São Paulo, Ipiranga, no date or collector (1♂ MZSP); São Paulo , September 1936, no collector (2 SAMC); São Paulo, Santo Amaro , December 1961, J . Lane leg . (1 MZSP); São Paulo, Saúde 26 October 1960, P . Biasi leg . (1 MZSP). PARAGUAY: Amambay, Pedro Juan Caballero , November 1998, M .A . Ruíz Díaz leg . (1♂ CEMT) . Concepcion, Cororo , 20 December 1999, Jorge Jensen leg . (1 CVMD). Itapúa, without specific locality, 2–28 February 1991, no collector (1 CVMD) .

Figures

Figure 14. Holotype of Trox brasiliensis Vaurie, 1962 (now Polynoncus brasiliensis): habitus in a, dorsal and b, lateral view (white arrows showing the subhumeral edge); c, male genitalia in dorsal view; d, labels. Photos by Rafael Sousa (MZSP). Length of specimen: 11 mm.

Figure 15. Distribution map of Polynoncus brasiliensis (red circles), P. brevicollis (green triangles), and P. crypticus (blue squares) in South America. The records with a black dot in the centre indicate the type locality of the respective species.