Misolampus scabricollis Graells, 1849

Rosas-Ramos, Natalia, Mas-Peinado, Paloma, Gil-Tapetado, Diego, Recuero, Ernesto, Ruiz, Jose L. & Garcia-Paris, Mario, 2020, Catalogue, distribution, taxonomic notes, and conservation of the Western Palearctic endemic hunchback beetles (Tenebrionidae, Misolampus), ZooKeys 963, pp. 81-129 : 81

Misolampus scabricollis Graells, 1849

Misolampus scabricollis Graells, 1849: 621. Terra typica: “Guadarrama”. Graells (1851a) mentioned the unavailable name " Misolampus graellsi Dufour".

Studied material.

Portugal - Guarda: 2 km al O de Vale de Estrela, 977 m, 40°29'35.7"N, 7°19'12.1"W, 18-IV-2011: 1 ex.; [6 km al SO de] Guarda, 11-X-1992: 7 exx.; S. de Estrella [Serra da Estrela] (Sanz leg.): 1 ex. - Portalegre: Monte Palheiros, 632 m, 39°20'03.91"N, 7°25'38.63"W, 10-III-2012: 12 exx.; Ribeira de Nisa, [4 km al NE de Nisa], 23-X-1990: 1 ex. Spain - Andalucía: Huelva: Andalucía: Huelva: Cortegana, 706 m, 37°53'55.6"N, 06°50'16.3"W, 3-I-2013: 2 exx.; Cortegana: Puerto del Corzo (hacia Gil Márquez), 664 m, 37°52'56.1"N, 06°50'42.3"W, 3-I-2013: 9 exx. - Castilla - La Mancha: Ciudad Real: Fuencaliente (Sierra Morena) (J. Cabré leg.): 1 ex.; Navas de Estena: 2 exx.; Puebla de Don Rodrigo: El Vivero, 39°02'29.2"N, 4°33'40.9"W, 5-III-2012: 1 ex.; Saceruela: 1 ex., plus 1 without label; Guadalajara: 3 km al O de La Mierla, 1023 m, 40°56'27.6"N, 3°16'13.4"W, 26-X-2013: 12 exx.; Alpedrete de la Sierra, hacia el Atazar, 17-IV-1992: 3 exx.; Retiendas: Embalse del Vado, 931 m, 41°00'09.8"N, 3°17'41.6"W, 26-X-2013: 2 exx.; Umbralejo, 1256 m, 41°07'33.2"N, 3°10'39.4"W, 26-X-2013: 18 exx.; Toledo: Belvís de la Jara (N502 km 153), 584 m, 39°43'59.3"N, 4°58'14.6"W, 1-XI-2008: 1 ex.; Las Honfrías, Robledo del Mazo, 39°35'48"N, 04°53'15"W, 9-II-2011: 1 ex.; Navamorcuende: Sierra de San Vicente: El Piélago, 1154 m, 40°08'34.4"N, 4°44'09.2"W, 27-XII-2011: 3 exx.; Sierra de San Vicente: El Piélago, 1224 m, 40°08'03.91"N, 4°43'48.79"W, 13-V-2012: 1 ex. - Castilla y León: Ávila: Chamartín de la Sierra: Castro de la Mesa de Miranda, 40°43'24.7"N, 4°56'57.6"W, 10-II-2013: 1 ex.; [Navarredonda de] Gredos: 1 ex.; [Navarredonda de] Gredos (J. Ardois leg.): 10 exx.; Arenas [de San Pedro] (J. Ardois leg.): 1 ex.; Ávila (197) ( Pérez leg.): 1 ex.; Casillas, 1158 m, 40°19'25.6"N, 4°35'14.0"W, 16-XI-2012: 1 ex.; Casillas: 4 exx.; Las Navas [del Marqués]: [Sierra de] Guadarrama (G. Schramm leg.): 75 exx.; 5 km S Navas del Marqués, 40°33'24.4"N, 4°19'32.5"W, 1-IV-2013: 1 ex.; Mombeltrán - Navalperal: 2 exx.; Navalperal [de Tormes], VII-1904 (Escalera leg.): 1 ex.; Navamorcuende (Ardois leg.): 1 ex.; Navas del Marqués: Carretera de Valdemaqueda, 1021 m, 0°32'14.3"N, 4°20'26.5"W, 20-III-2010: 1 ex.; Peguerinos: Valle de Enmedio, 1-VII-1992: 2 exx.; Puerto de Casillas, 1590 m, 40°20'37.1"N, 4°35'06.7"W, 15-V-2011: 1 ex.; Sierra de Gredos: 2 exx.; Valle de Iruelas, 10-V-1919 (J. Abajo leg.): 8 exx.; Valle de Iruelas, V-1920: 7 exx.; Villarejo [del Valle]): 1 ex. plus 1 without label; Burgos: Quemada, 848 m, 41°43'20.4"N, 3°33'00.3"W, 9-V-2013: 4 exx.; Salamanca: 1 km al N del Puerto de Perales, 884 m, 40°15'18.3"N, 6°41'22.2"W, 16-IV-2011: 2 exx.; Navasfrías, 959 m, 40°17'03.1"N, 6°49'49.1"W, 23-XII-2011: 9 exx.; Peña de Francia: 1 ex.; Puerto de Perales, 917 m, 40°14'46.2"N, 6°41'20.5"W, 22-XII-2011: 3 exx.; Serradilla del Llano, 13-X-1992: 2 exx.; Segovia: Balsaín (C. Bolívar leg.): 1 ex.; Balsaín (J. Abajo leg.): 1 ex.; Balsaín (J. Ardois leg.): 15 exx.; Collado Ventoso, 1964 m, 40°47'13.2"N, 4°02'32.8"W, 11-VIII-2013: 3 exx.; El Espinar: 1 exx.; Puerto de Los Cotos - Dos Hermanas, 40°49'27.1"N, 3°57'51.4"W, 19-XI-2012: 1 ex.; Puerto de Los Cotos - Dos Hermanas, 1900 m, 2-IX-1991: 2 exx.; Puerto de Navacerrada, 40°47'11"N, 4°01'05"W, 13-V-2012: 1 ex.; Puerto de Navacerrada, 40°47'17.83"N, 4°00'36.27"W, 30-V-2012: 1 ex.; Zamora: Santa Ana, 872 m, 41°42'17.66"N, 6°24'22.65"W, 25-IV-2012: 11 exx. - Extremadura: Cáceres: Alcuéscar, I-1894: 2 exx.; Carretera Villamiel - San Martín de Trevejo, 868 m, 40°11'43.8"N, 6°47'30.3"W, 23-XII-2011: 6 exx.; Casares de Las Hurdes: Puerto de Robledo, 1074 m, 40°27'07.06"N, 6°17'48.82"W, 17-IV-2012: 4 exx.; Hurdes: 1 exx.; Madrigal [de la Vera]: 1 exx.; Madrigal [de la Vera] (J. Ardois leg.): 21 exx.; Pico Villuercas, 1394 m, 39°28'19.72"N, 5°23'54.70"W, 12-V-2012: 7 exx. - Madrid: Dehesa de Braojos, 1400 m, 41°03'27.4"N, 3°38'51.1"W, 12-X-2013: 1 ex.; Cadalso [de los Vidrios] (J. Ardois leg.): 3 exx.; Cercedilla, 1460 m, VII-1945 (L. Esteban leg.): 1 ex.; Cercedilla, 1500 m, VIII-1935 (J. Hernández leg.): 4 exx.; Cercedilla, [Sierra de] Guadarrama (G. Schramm leg.): 11 exx.; Cercedilla, [Sierra de] Guadarrama (E. Zarco leg.): 2 exx.; Cercedilla (Lauffer leg.): 1 exx.; Cercedilla ( Moróder leg.): 10 exx.; Cercedilla (Exp. del Museo): 20 exx.; Cercedilla (C. Bolívar leg.): 23 exx.; Cercedilla, 25-VII-1926: 1 ex.; Cercedilla (J. Ardois): 5 exx.; Cercedilla (Museo): 5 exx.; Cercedilla: 6 exx.; Cercedilla: El Ventorrillo, 1480 m: VIII-1960 (J. Abajo leg.): 2 exx.; Cercedilla: El Ventorrillo, 1478 m, 40°45'17.3"N, 4°01'21.6"W, 11-VI-2013: 11 exx.; Cercedilla: Estación Alpina, 1460 m (J. Abajo leg.): 1 ex.; Cercedilla: Estación Alpina, 1500 m: 2 exx.; Cercedilla: Estación Alpina, XII-1941 (E. Zarco leg.): 1 ex.; El Escorial (J. Dusmet leg.): 1 ex.; El Escorial ( Misolampus scabricollis Graells): 1 ex. plus 1 without label; El Escorial, 10-V-1926: 3 exx.; El Escorial, 10-VI-1927: 2 exx.; El Escorial, 20-V-1925: 2 exx.; El Escorial, 22-V-1953 (W. Steiner leg.) (T-29) ( Misolampus scabricollis Graells, F. Español det.): 4 exx.; El Escorial (C. Bolívar leg.): 4 exx.; El Escorial: 4 exx.; El Escorial (Lauffer leg.): 5 exx.; El Escorial: Cuelgamuros, 1337 m, 40°38'53.8"N, 4°09'19.8"W, 10-VI-2013: 9 exx.; El Escorial: Puerto [de Malagón]: 1 ex.; El Paular (Exp. del Museo): 11 exx.; Garganta de Los Montes, 1346 m, 40°54'46.9"N, 3°40'05.5"W, 26-V-2013: 2 exx.; Lozoyuela, 1288 m, 40°55'31.4"N, 3°39'44.9"W, 26-V-2013: 5 exx.; Manzanares [El Real], 30-III-1928: 1 exx.; Manzanares El Real, 1156 m, 40°45'28.1"N, 3°54'56.0"W, 28-II-2012: 3 exx.; Pelayos de la Presa, 799 m, 40°20'19.40"N, 4°21'34.84"W, 3-III-2001: 1 ex.; Puerto de Cotos, 12-VIII-1925: 1 ex.; Puerto de La Hiruela, 1354 m, 41°03'42.5"N, 3°28'36.8"W, 6-IV-2011: 1 ex.; Puerto de La Puebla, 1633 m, 41°02'27.7"N, 3°28'48.9"W, 27-IV-2011: 3 exx.; Puerto de Navacerrada, 18-VIII-1923): 1 ex.; Puerto de Navacerrada (E. Zarco leg.): 2 exx.; San Lorenzo del Escorial, 40°35'58"N, 4°09'42"W, 14-III-2015 (A. Sánchez Vialas): 2 exx.; Santa María de la Alameda ( estación), 1-IV-1991: 1 ex.; Santa María de la Alameda, 1437 m, 40°36'11.11"N, 4°15'18.93"W, 30-V-2012: 1 ex.; Sierra de Guadarrama (Lauffer leg.): 2 exx.; Tablada, 12-V-1957 (J. Álvarez leg.): 1 ex.; Valdemanco, 1090 m, 40°51'10.5"N, 3°38'48.5"W, 8-V-2013: 1 ex.

Diagnosis.

Total length 11-13 mm ( Graells 1849, 1851a, 1851b; Reitter 1917; Español 1949; López-Pérez 2014a). Pronotum with strong punctation intermixed with raised granules and small tubercles, particularly developed on the lateral sides, which gave them a strongly rugose appearance. Propleural sides with dense strong punctation. Elytra smooth, without traces of striae, series of punctures, or tubercles (Fig. 9A, B ). Female genitalia figured by Palmer (1998) and aedeagus by Español (1949). Morphological variability seems to be restricted to individual variation in size and in the extent of the pronotal rugose areas.

Geographic distribution.

Endemism of Portugal and Spain ( Löbl et al. 2008) (Fig. 10 ). Bibliographic records are scarce, covering a large portion of the centre and western areas of the Iberian Peninsula, including Aveiro, Bragança, Alto Douro, and Guarda in Portugal, and the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Huelva, Madrid, Ourense, and Segovia in Spain ( Graells 1849, 1851a, 1851b; Seidlitz 1867; Paulino de Oliveira 1894; Reitter 1917; De la Fuente 1934-1935; Español 1949; López-Pérez 2014a; Novoa et al. 2014). Published records of M. scabricollis from Sierra Espuña ( von Heyden 1884), Murcia ( De la Fuente 1934-1935) and Sierra de Alcaraz ( Reitter 1917) are erroneous and probably correspond to M. subglaber . Misolampus scabricollis is widely distributed throughout the main mountain ranges of the central and western areas of the Iberian Peninsula (Sistema Central, Sierra de Gata, Sierra de Guadalupe, Montes de León, Montes de Toledo, eastern Sierra Morena, Serra da Estrêla), with an apparently isolated population in the western extreme of Sierra Morena (Sierra de Aracena, province of Huelva) separated ca. 240 km from the eastern population of this same mountain system (Fig. 10A ).

All previously existing records except those of Huelva and Ourense, correspond to data published more than 70 years ago. The material studied or collected by us, includes records from all provinces of Spain previously reported in the literature, except from Ourense, with the addition of new records from Castelo Branco and Portalegre in Portugal, and from the provinces of Burgos, Ciudad Real, Guadalajara, Salamanca, Toledo, and Zamora in Spain. All these new records correspond to recent observations, together with old ones for Ciudad Real and Salamanca. The potential distribution map for this species (Fig. 10B ) locates the main high suitable areas in central and western regions and along mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula. The SDM does not consider the isolated population of Sierra de Aracena as present in a high suitability area.

Notes on natural history.

Misolampus scabricollis is a medium-low mountain species, with an elevation range of 224 to 1964 m a.s.l. (78% of the records are above 800 m, 56 % above 1000 m of altitude). Lithological materials of its area of occupancy are siliceous and very diverse, mainly granites, schists, gneisses, quartzites, and plutonic rocks ( Vera 2004; Oliveira and Quesada 2019a, 2019b). Most of its distribution area is located in the meso- and supra-Mediterranean thermoclimatic belts, and more locally at higher altitude in the oro-Submediterranean (exceptionally, one location is in the upper thermo-Mediterranean: Niebla, province of Huelva), with ombrotypes dry, subhumid and humid ( Rivas-Martínez 1987; Rivas-Martínez et al. 1987, 2002; Valle et al. 2004; Rivas-Martínez 2007). It occurs in a large variety of forested habitats with different degrees of coverage, usually composed by pines ( Pinus sylvestris , P. pinea , P. pinaster , natural or reforested), oaks (perennial: Quercus suber , Q. ilex ; deciduous: Q. pyrenaica , Q. faginea ) and chestnut trees ( Castanea sativa ), as well as substitution shrubs, mainly of Cistus , Cytisus , Ulex L. and Genista L. ( Ladero 1987; Rivas-Martínez 1987; Rivas-Martínez et al. 1987; Valle 2003; Costa Tenorio 2005) (Fig. 9C-F ).

According to our observations, M. scabricollis is usually found inside dead and decaying tree trunks, or under bark, usually in standing or lying pine logs, oaks, and chestnut trees. These observations are coincident with the few disperse available data on the habitat of this species ( Graells 1851a, 1851b; López-Pérez 2014a). Areas covered by dense bushes of Q. pyrenaica and Q. ilex (recovering after fires or logging) are also frequently used by this species. Misolampus scabricollis can also be found in areas reforested with pines, and under stones, small pieces of wood, or inside tight clusters of branches, in shrub areas dominated by Cytisus scoparius , C. oromediterraneus , and less frequently by Cistus ladanifer (Fig. 9C-F ). They are usually more easily found on logs and under stones at the edge of dense forests, but they can also be found deep inside the forest or in nearby grasslands.

This species is usually found forming small groups of 2-21 specimens in a single log. Graells (1851a, 1851b) reported groups of five or six specimens per log in the Guadarrama Mountains. According to Graells (1851a, 1851b), when disturbed they pretend to be dead (thanatosis) and expel an unpleasant light odour.

Misolampus scabricollis has been found in microsympatry with M. gibbulus along western Sierra Morena (Huelva), northern Extremadura ( Cáceres), Montes de Toledo (Toledo) and southern slopes of the Sistema Central (Madrid, Ávila, Toledo) (Fig. 1E ), however, M. scabricollis is usually found at higher altitudes than M. gibbulus . Adults can be found across most of the year, but are more easily encountered during the wetter, colder, months (October to May). It is often found in company of Coelometopus clypeatus in old chestnut trunks.

Figures

Figure 1. Live specimens and habitat of Misolampus gibbulus A-D live adult specimens of Misolampus gibbulus from Portugal (A Foia; B Monchique; D Sao Martinho das Amoreiras) and Spain (C Santa Helena, Jaen); specimens A, B, and D represent the diversity of sculptural patterns in elytra and pronotum within the Faro population, see the contrast with typical specimen C; E, F typical habitats of M. gibbulus in Spain (E native Quercus ilex and Pinus plantations at Robledo del Mazo, Toledo F Q. ilex open forest with Cytisus and Retama at Puerto de Santa Cruz, Caceres). Photographs by MGP.

Figure 9. Live specimens and habitat of Misolampus scabricollis A, B live adult specimens of Misolampus scabricollis from Spain (A Sierra de Guadalupe, Caceres B Las Honfrias, Montes de Toledo) C-F typical habitats of M. scabricollis (C granitic outcrops with Cytisus, Juniperus communis, and Quercus ilex along the Sistema Central Mountain Chain, Avila D densely reforested area with Pinus sylvestris at Santa Ana, Zamora) E Pinus sylvestris forests at the southern slopes of Pico del Lobo, Guadalajara F dense forests of Quercus pyrenaica at Montes de Toledo). Photographs by MGP.

Figure 10. A Geographic distribution of Misolampus scabricollis. Distribution range of the Iberian endemic Misolampus scabricollis (dark blue spot). Blue dots correspond to the species records, including both recent and old, as well as previously published data. The populations from Huelva (southwestern Spain) remain isolated, since no intermediate populations are known in a distance of at least 150 km, however intervening habitat seems favourable in many areas B potential geographic distribution of Misolampus scabricollis: Red indicates areas of high suitability, and blue, areas of low suitability. Species distribution model was generated using MaxEnt v 3.4.1 (Elith et al. 2006) and the set of WorldClim v 2.0 (Fick and Hijmans 2017) environmental variables.