Podocnemis erythrocephala ( Spix, 1824 )

Gaffney, Eugene S., Meylan, Peter A., Wood, Roger C., Simons, Elwyn & De Almeida Campos, Diogenes, 2011, Evolution Of The Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (350), pp. 1-237 : 30-31

Podocnemis erythrocephala ( Spix, 1824)

SYNONYMY: Authors before 1974 used P. cayennensis ( Schweigger, 1812) for this species. See Wermuth and Mertens (1961, 1977), Mittermeier and Wilson (1974), Pritchard and Trebbau (1984), Iverson (1992), Bickham et al. (2007; however, usage of cayennensis was not ‘‘brief,’’ ibid.: 187) for further discussion and references.

TYPE SPECIMEN AND LOCALITY: See Mittermeier and Wilson (1974), Iverson (1992).

DIAGNOSIS: See Siebenrock (1902), Mittermeier and Wilson (1974), Pritchard and Trebbau (1984).

REFERRED MATERIAL: USNM 135474, AMNH 111069, DGM 45RR.

PREVIOUS WORK: Earlier authors (e.g., Boulenger, 1889; Siebenrock, 1902; Williams, 1954a) did not recognize this species, which is involved in the ‘‘ cayennensis ’’ type question discussed in Mittermeier and Wilson (1974), see also Pritchard and Trebbau (1984) and Iverson (1992). Mittermeier and Wilson (1974) figure and describe skull and shell. Groombridge (1982) has general references.