Miroculis (Miroculis) samba, Costa & Almeida & Salles, 2019

Costa, Vinicius, Almeida, Tais B. & Salles, Frederico F., 2019, Description of two related new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil and Colombia, Zootaxa 4695 (3), pp. 283-294 : 284-289

Miroculis (Miroculis) samba , sp. nov. Costa, Almeida & Salles

Diagnosis. Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characteristics: In the male: 1) dorsal portion of compound eyes on a medium stalk with short distomedial projection present; 2) dorsal portion of compound eyes with six facets on the longest row ( Fig. 4 ); 3) forewings with membrane hyaline, crossveins, at least between C and Sc, Sc and R1, and at RS fork, surrounded with brown ( Figs. 5a, 6a and 6c ); 4) hind wing with outer margin pigmented ( Figs. 5b, 6b and 6d ); 5) styliger plate expanded and with posterior margin straight ( Fig. 22 ); 6) penis length approximately 3.0× length of forceps segment I, blade-like and apically rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 22 ). In the female: 1) forewing with membrane light brown; cross and longitudinal veins brown; cross veins surrounded with brown, forming two conspicuous stripes close to bullae; 2) posterior margin of sternum VII and anterior margin of sternum VIII forming a relatively long genital extension ( Fig. 9 ). In the nymph: 1) maxilla with 28–34 pectinated setae at the anterolateral margin; 2) labrum with 31–34 pectinate setae along subapical margin; 3) gills without lateral lobes and with unbranched trachea ( Fig. 15 ); 4) posterolateral spines presents on segments III–IX, more developed on segments VIII–IX.

Description. Male imago, holotype.

MEASURES (mm). Body: 5.6. Fore wing: 4.7; Angularity of CuA portion: 92°; hind wing: 1.1. Fore leg: 4.4; mid leg: 1.9; hind leg: 1.5. Caudal filament: 10.5.

RATIOS. Wings: Fore wing width 0.4× fore wing length; hind wing length 0.2 fore wing length; hind wing width 0.5× hind wing length; fork on MA2 of fore wing 0.5× total length of MA. Legs: segments of fore leg: 0.57: 1.00 (1.6 mm): 0.29: 0.25: 0.15: 0.07: 0.03; mid leg: 1.17: 1.00 (0.6 mm): 0.06: 0.06: 0.06: 0.012: 0.06; hind leg: 1.06: 1.00 (0.8 mm) 0.5: 0.05: 0.05: 0.11: 0.04. Genitalia: medial length of styliger plate 2.3× maximum width; lateral length of styliger plate 0.8× medial length of styliger plate; lateral length of styliger plate 2.11× lateral length of segment IX. Forceps segment III 0.7× forceps segment II; forceps segment III 0.37× forceps segment I; forceps segment II 0.5× forceps segment I; penis length 3.0× forceps segment I.

COLORATION: General coloration: dark brown. Head: Orange washed with dark brown. Compound eye with stalk orange, darker toward apex; facets of upper portion orange, separated by black grooves ( Figs. 3 and 4 ). Ocelli white, surrounded with dark gray. Antenna dark brown, flagellum gray. Thorax: pronotum brown. Meso and metanotum dark brown, lightning in the region of the medial line. Pleura and sterna brown. Wings: fore wing with hyaline membrane; base of wing, Rs fork, cross veins apical to bulla, and cross veins on stigmatic area surrounded with brown; cross and longitudinal veins brown ( Fig. 5a ). Hind wing with hyaline membrane, pigmented with brown along outer margin; cross and longitudinal veins brown ( Fig. 5b ). Legs: fore leg with coxa and trochanter brown; femur and tibia orange washed with brown, femur with apical blackish band, tibia gradually darkening toward apex; tarsi whitish to light brown. Mid and hind legs with coxae and trochanters brown; femora light orange washed with brown and with subapical blackish band, tibiae and tarsi whitish to light brown. Abdomen: terga light brown, darker toward posterior margin of all segments; terga II to VIII with sublateral dark brown longitudinal band. Sterna slightly washed with brown ( Figs. 1 and 2 ). Genitalia: styliger plate brownish translucent, with dark brown posterolateral longitudinal band; anterior half of lateral margin and posterior margin tinged with black. Forceps segment I light brown, darker toward apex; segments II and III dark brown. Penis dark brown. Caudal filament: gray.

MORPHOLOGY: Head: posterior margin V-shaped. Compound eye with upper portion on a stalk of intermediary length (1.4× longer than wide) ( Figs. 3 and 4 ), separated from each other by a distance subequal to the maximal width of an upper portion; short distomedial projection present; dorsal surface circular, with six facets in longest row. Thorax: Wings: fore wing with 4 cross veins basal to bulla between C and Sc; MP2 connected to base of MP1 by a cross vein; IMP free at base; CuA connected to CuP by a cross vein; ICu1 and ICu2 connecting by a cross vein; two A veins.; fork of R+MA asymmetric; CuP present. Genitalia: styliger plate expanded and with posteromedial margin straight; forceps segment I narrowing gradually toward apex; penis curved at base, blade-like, apically rounded in lateral view.

Variations. LENGTHS (mm). Body: 5.1–5.7 Fore wing: 4.7–5.3; hind wing: 1.1–1.3. Fore leg: 4.0–4.4; mid leg: 1.8–2.0; hind leg: 1.5–1.9.

RATIO: Wings: fore wing length 0.2 hind wing length. Genitalia: penis length 3.0–3.2× forceps segment I.

COLORATION: Body: pale to dark orange brown. Head: Compound eye with facets of upper portion orange, separated by dark brown grooves. Wings: fore wing with hyaline membrane; base of wing, Rs fork, cross veins apical to bulla, cross veins on stigmatic area, cross veins between MA and MP1, between MA1 and IMA, and between MP1 and MP2 pigmented with brown; cross and longitudinal veins brown ( Fig. 6a, b, c, d ).

MORPHOLOGY: Head: distance of compound eyes about 0.8–1.2 maximal width of an upper portion; dorsal surface circular with six facets on the longest row. Wings: fore wing with 3–5 cross veins basal to bulla; 12–14 cross veins between C and Sc.

Female imago, allotype. LENGTHS (mm). Body: 5.6. Fore wing: 5.6; hind wing: 0.9. Fore leg: broken off and missing; mid leg: 2.3; hind leg: 2.6. Caudal filament broken off and missing.

RATIOS. Wings: Fore wings width 0.4× fore wings length; hind wing width 0.16× fore wings width; hind wing length 0.5× hind wing width; fork of MA2 of fore wing 0.4× total length of MA. Legs: fore leg broken; segments of mid leg: 1.00: 1.00 (0.95 mm) 0.04: 0.06: 0.05: 0.05: 0.10; segments of hind leg: 1.00: 1.00 (1.22 mm) 0.04: 0.04: 0.05: 0.04: 0.9. Abdomen: posterior margin of sternum VII and anterior margin of sternum VIII forming a relatively long genital extension, sub-equal to the length of the sternum VIII; sternum IX with apical cleft.

COLORATION: General coloration: Yellowish brown ( Fig. 7 ). Head: Yellowish washed with brown; dark brown longitudinal band between lateral ocelli. Antenna brownish. Thorax: Pronotum light brown washed with dark brown with lateral and posterior margin tinged with black. Meso and metanotum with anterior portion pale and darker towards posterior margin, reaching brown, mesonotum with lateral portion yellowish. Wings: fore wing with membrane light brown; cross and longitudinal veins brown; cross veins surrounded with brownish cloud; pigmentation also concentrated at the base of the wing, cross veins in the stigmatic area, cross veins surrounded with brown, forming two conspicuous stripes close to bullae, cross veins between MA and MP1, between MA1 and IMA, and between MP1 and MP2 pigmented with brown ( Fig. 10a ). Hind wing with light brown membrane, pigmented with brown along apex and posterior margin; cross and longitudinal veins brown ( Fig. 10b ). Legs: fore leg broken off and missing.; mid and hind leg with coxae and trochanter brown; femora light orange washed with brown and subapical blackish bands, tibiae and tarsi whitish to light brown. Abdomen: Abdominal color pattern as in male, except that segments II–VI are not translucent ( Fig. 8 ).

MORPHOLOGY: Wings: fore wing with 4 cross veins basal to bulla between C and Sc; MP2 connected at base of MP1 by a cross vein; IMP free at base; CuA connected to CuP by a cross vein; ICu1 and ICu2 connected by a cross vein; two anal veins. Hind wing with apex roundly acute; fork of R+MA asymmetric; CuP present. Abdomen: Posterior margin of sternum VII and anterior margin of sternum VIII forming a relatively long genital extension, approximately the length of sternum VIII ( Fig. 9 ); sternum IX with apical cleft.

Mature nymph. LENGTHS (mm). Body: 3.8–4.1. Fore leg: 2.2–2.5; mid leg: 1.9–2.1; hind leg: 2.1–2.3. Caudal filament broken and missing.

RATIOS. Mouthparts: mandible width 0.7× length ( Fig. 12b ); labial palp width of segment I 0.4× its length; segment III 0.5× segment II; segment III 0.6× segment I; segment II 1.1× segment I ( Fig. 12e ); paraglossa length 2.0× its width; maxillary palp with segment III 0.3× segment II; segment II 0.9× segment I; segment III 0.2× segment I ( Fig. 12c ). Legs: fore femur width 0.3× its length; mid femur 0.3× its length; hind femur 0.3× its length.

COLORATION: Body: yellowish washed with brown ( Fig. 11 ). Head: yellowish; pale between compound eyes along epicranial suture; antenna translucent gray; compound eye orange; ocelli white surrounded with black on inner margin; labrum yellowish brown ( Fig. 12a ); hypopharynx hyaline ( Fig. 12d ), superlingua with yellowish internal region ( Fig. 12d ). Thorax: yellowish, completely washed with light brown. Legs ( Fig. 13 ): pale. Coxa washed with dark brown; femora with a dark brown mark on the apical portion; fore tibia with darker region apically; tarsus pale. Fore wing pads ( Fig. 14 ) showing the same variation found in imagos. Abdomen: pale yellow completely washed with brown. Terga I–VIII with distal portion darker. Gills with membrane light gray and trachea dark gray ( Fig. 15 ).

MORPHOLOGY. Head: clypeus concave anteriorly; anterolateral margin of labrum rounded; labrum with 31– 34 pectinate setae along subapical margin; maxilla with 28–34 pectinated setae at the anterolateral margin. Thorax: Legs: tarsal claw with denticles gradually increasing in the apical direction, the last more developed. Abdomen: posterolateral spines presents on segments III–IX, more developed on segments VIII–IX. Gills: narrow, lateral lobes absent, and with unbranched trachea.

Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is a tribute to Samba, a musical genre considered one of the main popular Brazilian cultural manifestations. Samba is a rhythm resulting from musical structures of Africa and Europe, but as a symbol of the black Brazilian culture that samba became popular throughout the country.

Life cycle association. Nymphs and adults were collected in the same area and both share the same abdominal color pattern and, especially, the conspicuous color pattern of wings and wing pads.

Biology. Nymphs and adults of M. (M.) samba sp. nov. were found exclusively at the Córrego Bragacho, a well preserved stream entirely located within the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Bragacho stream does not exceed the width of three meters and a depth never greater than 70 cm, even during the rainy season. Nymphs were collected mainly among litter and fine sediment, along with nymphs of other Leptophlebiidae , such as a new species of Poranga Gonçalves & Da-Silva , Ulmeritoides araponga Salles & Domínguez , and Massartella brieni (Lestage) . Despite performing monthly collections with light traps, all the imagos and subimagos were collected with a Malaise trap or flying close to the stream. Winged specimens were found throughout the whole year, with two peaks of abundance, one in May (beginning of the dry season) and another that extends from November to January (rainy season) ( Fig. 16 ).

Distribution. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa: Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi ( Fig. 24 )

Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ imago: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Córrego Bragacho , 19°52’2.53”S, 40°33’34.27”W, V. Costa & F. F. Salles cols., 15.IV.2018 ( UFVB) . ALLOTYPE ♀ imago: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Córrego Bragacho , 19°52’2.53”S, 40°33’34.27”W, V. Costa, F. F. Salles & P.B.Neto cols., Malaise, 21.X–30.XI.2017 ( UFVB) . PARATYPES (deposited in UFVB, except when noted). 4 ♂ imagos (2 in IBN) , same data as holotype plus 141 individuals from Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Córrego Bragacho , 19°52’2.53”S, 40°33’34.27”W, V. Costa & F. F. Salles cols., as follows: 1 ♀ imago, 3 ♂ subimagos, 14–15.iv.2018; 2 ♀ imagos, 1 ♂ imago, 3 ♂ subimagos, 30.ix–21.x.2017; 3 ♀ subimagos, 4 ♂ subimagos, 26.v–21.vi.2017; 2 ♀ imagos, 7 ♂ subimagos, 24.viii–30.ix.2017; 2 ♀ imagos, 1 ♀ subimagos, 2 ♂ subimagos, 20.ii–20.iii.2018 ( IBN) ; 2 ♀ imagos, 2 ♀ subimagos, 12 ♂ subimagos, 18.xii.2017 – 17.i.2018; 1 ♀ imago, 2 ♂ imagos, 2 ♀ subimagos, 14 ♂ subimagos, 21.x–18.xi.2017; 6 ♀ imagos, 2 ♀ subimagos, 25 ♂ subimagos, 18.xi–19.xii.2017; 1 ♀ imago, 18.xi–19.xii.2017; 5 ♀ imagos, 2 ♀ subimagos, 12 ♂ subimagos, 28.iv-27.v.2017; 1 ♂ imago, 1 ♀ subimago, 20.iii– 14.iv.2018; 8 ♂ subimagos, 26.vii-23.viii.2017; 1 ♀ imagos, 2 ♀ subimagos, 5 ♂ subimagos, 17.i–20.ii.2018; 1 ♀ imago, 1 ♀ subimago, 2 ♂ subimagos, 21.vi-26.vii.2017. 7 nymphs, 24.viii.2017; 4 nymphs, 19.xii.2017 ( IBN) .

Figures

FIGURE 16. Abundance of adults of Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov. monthly collected at the Bragacho stream, Espírito Santo, Brazil, during one year.

FIGURES 24. Map of South American with details of Colombia and Brazil showing the distribution of the new species of Miroculis.

FIGURES 1–6. Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov., male imago: 1) lateral habitus; 2) dorsal view of abdomen; 3) lateral view of head and thorax; 4) dorsal view of head and thorax; 5) forewing (a) and hind wing (b); 6) forewing (a, c) and hind wing (b, d) variations.

FIGURES 22–23. Genitalia, ventral and lateral view; 22) genitalia of Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov.; 23) genitalia of Miroculis (M.) wolverine sp. nov.

FIGURES 7–10. Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov., female imago: 7) lateral habitus; 8) dorsal view of abdomen; 9) lateral view of abdominal segments VI–X; 10) forewing (a) and hind wing (b).

FIGURES 11–15. Miroculis (M.) samba sp. nov., nymph: 11) dorsal habitus; 12) mouthparts (a, labrum; b, left mandible; c, maxilla; d, hypopharynx; e,labium); 13) legs (a, fore leg; b, middle leg; c, hind leg); 14) variations in the fore wing pads; 15) gill.