Pardosa pontica (Thorell, 1875)

Shafaie, Sepideh, Mirshamsi, Omid, Aliabadian, Mansour, Moradmand, Majid & Marusik, Yuri M., 2018, A new Pardosa species from northern Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae), Zootaxa 4387 (2), pp. 350-364 : 355-358

Pardosa pontica (Thorell, 1875)

Figs 3‒4, 6 , 8, 10, 12 , 15‒16 , 18 , 20

Lycosa pontica Thorell, 1875a: 100 (♂♀); Thorell 1875b: 142 (♂♀).

Pardosa caraiensis Mcheidze, 1946: 288 , figs 4–5 (♀); Mcheidze 1997: 239, figs 511‒512 (♀).

Pardosops pontica: Roewer 1955b: 197 .

Pardosa pontica: Tongiorgi 1966: 351 , figs 10–11, 24 (♂♀); Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971: 118, fig. 53a–c (♂♀); Zyuzin 1979: 434, figs 17, 20 (♂♀; Zyuzin & Logunov 2000: 316, figs 40–42 (♂♀); Marusik et al. 2012: 117, figs 4‒6, 12‒13, 18‒19, 23, 35, 41 (♂♀, in part, except specimens from Golestan Province).

Types. Lectotype ♂ and ParaleCtotyPe ♀ (ZMUH), Ukraine, Crimea: Biyuk‒Lambat [=Malyi‒Mayak in Alushta], Alma River, designated by Tongiorgi 1964. No. 61.031, examined.

Material examined. IRAN: West Azerbaijan Province: 3♂ ( ZMFUM), Newlu Village , 37°45'44"N 45°04'20"E, Elev.: 1280 m, 30.VI.2016 (S. Shafaie) ; 6♀ ( ZMFUM), Dizaj Takieh Village , 37°25'21"N 45°10'22"E, Elev.: 1300 m, 05.VIII.2016 (S. Shafaie) ; 2♀ ( ZMFUM), Chubtarash Village , 37°17'55"N 45°06'02"E, Elev.: 1341 m, 06.VIII.2016 (S. Shafaie) ; 7♂ ( ZMFUM), Takieh Ordushahi Village, 37°26'31"N 45°13'37"E, Elev.: 1332 m, 01.VIII.2016 (S. Shafaie). AZERBAIJAN: Zuvand Area: 1♂ ( ZMUT), East of DivagatCh Village , 38°41'05"N 48°23'E, 26.IV.2003 (Yu.M. Marusik) ; Absheron Peninsula: 3♂, 4♀ ( ZMUT), Bakı, Ganly‒ Gyol Lake , 40°21'46"N 48°48'36"E, 06.VII.2003 (Yu.M. Marusik).

Diagnosis. See diagnosis for P. mirzakhaniae sp. n.

Description. Male (from Ordushahi). Total length 9.1; CaraPaCe 4.3 long, 3.5 wide.

Prosoma. CaraPaCe dark brown. Median band yellow and Covered with white setae. Sub‒marginal striPes yellow and 2 times wider than median band. Marginal striPes blaCk. Endites, labium, CheliCerae and ClyPeus blaCk. Sternum blaCk ( Figs 3‒4 ).

Abdomen. Dorsum blaCk with yellow sPots, eaCh sPot with a dark dot in Centre. Venter yellow with blaCk marks. SPinnerets blaCk with yellow tiPs ( Figs 3‒4 ).

Legs. Coxae, troChanters and femora I‒IV yellow with blaCk annulations. Patellae‒metatarsi of all legs yellow. Tarsal tiPs blaCk. Measurements and sPination as in Tables 6‒7.

Palp. PalP as in Figs 6 , 8, 10, 12 . Endites blaCk. Femur‒Patella yellow. Tibia and Cymbium dark. Cymbium blaCk with 1 Claw. Tegular aPoPhysis short and stumPy. Terminal aPoPhysis short, stumPy and square-shaPed. Embolus unmodified.

Female (from Ordushahi). Total length 11.3; CaraPaCe 5.4 long, 4.5 wide.

Prosoma. CaraPaCe blaCk. Median band yellow with rhombiC field Covered by white setae. Sub‒marginal striPes yellow and two times wider than median band. Marginal striPes blaCk. BlaCk sPots between marginal and sub‒marginal striPes ( Fig. 18 ). Endites, CheliCerae and ClyPeus yellow. Labium blaCk. Sternum yellow with blaCk marginal marks ( Figs 15‒16 ).

Abdomen. Dorsum blaCk with indistinCt marks. Venter grey. SPinnerets grey ( Figs 15‒16 ).

Legs. Coxae‒metatarsi I‒IV with dark annulations. Tarsi of all legs yellow. Measurements and sPination as in Tables 6, 8.

Epigyne. EPigyne as in Fig. 20 . SePtum 4.2 long, 3.3 wide. SePtum slightly longer than wide and rounded Posteriorly. Anterior PoCkets seParated.

Variation of specimens from Iran. Total length varies from 7.9 to 10 in males and 9.7‒11.3 in females. CaraPaCe length/width 3.9‒5/ 3.2‒3.8 in males and 4.8‒5.5/ 3.6‒4.5 in females. ProPortions of sePtum as shown in Figs 22‒23 .

Notes. Males from Ordushahi village have a ComPletely blaCk sternum and the smallest body size. Some of the females from the Dizaj takieh PoPulation have blaCk tiPs on tarsi I and IV and also one female has yellow tarsi tiPs. One male from Dizaj takieh has no retrolateral sPine on femur I.

Distribution. Pardosa pontica is known to be distributed from Bulgaria to Razavi Khorasan ProvinCe of Iran. Previous reCords of this sPeCies from Golestan ProvinCe refer to P. mirzakhaniae sp. n. The reCord of this sPeCies from Razavi Khorasan ProvinCe is the southeasternmost in the entire range ( Fig. 24 ). Notably, in Bulgaria, this sPeCies was rePorted by Drensky (1936, 1942) from a single loCality south of Varna. SinCe then, the sPeCies has not been ColleCted again in Bulgaria (Deltshev, Pers. Comm.). The reCord of P. pontica from the Lugansk Area of Ukraine (see PolChaninova & ProkoPenko 2013) aPPears doubtful beCause all other reCords of this sPeCies from Ukraine are exClusively from the seashore ( Fig. 24 ).

Genetic analysis. Thirty two 16S rRNA and thirty seven COI sequenCes were inCluded in the moleCular analysis. Pardosa sPeCies belong to seven sPeCies grouPs were used in the genetiC analysis are as follow: falcata : P. falcata Marusik, Guseinov & KoPonen ; falcifera : P. falcifera F.O. PiCkard-Cambridge ; lapidicina: P. sierra Banks ; paludicola: P. astrigera C.L. KoCh ; proxima: P. hortensis (Thorell) , P. morosa (C.L. KoCh) , monticola : P. agrestis (Westring) , P. mirzakhaniae , P. plumipes (Thorell) , P. pontica ; saltauria: P. californica Keyserling and Alopecosa virgata (Kishida) used as outgrouP. The neighbor joining trees for both genes were generated using K2P distanCes. As shown in the tree obtained from COI barCode region, all monticola -grouP members ( P. mirzakhaniae , P. pontica and P. agrestis ) are genetiCally similar ( Fig. 26 ). Values for intrasPeCifiC distanCes within P. mirzakhaniae for COI ranged between 0% and 0.29% and values for intersPeCifiC distanCes between P. mirzakhaniae and other sPeCies ranged between 0% and 8.6%.

The tree generated by 16S rRNA sequenCes showed that falcata -grouP and falcifera -grouP are grouPed in the same Clade with two distinCt monticola -grouP Clades ( Fig. 25 ). Values for intrasPeCifiC distanCes within P. mirzakhaniae for 16srRNA ranged between 0% and 0.15% and values for intersPeCifiC distanCes between P. mirzakhaniae and other sPeCies ranged between 0% and 0.7%.The results of these two genes are inComPatible with the relative effiCienCy of DNA barCoding.

Figures

FIGURE 24. Sampling localities of Pardosa pontica (1) and P. mirzakhaniae sp. n. (2). Examined material (blue, green), recorded localities (black), province record without exact locality (black oval).One symbol may refer toseveral localities.

FIGURE 25. Neighbour joining tree generated using K2P distances of 16S rRNA for nine species of the genus Pardosa belonging to six species groups [falcata: P. falcata; falcifera: P. falcifera; lapidiciNa: P. sierra; paludicOla: P. astrigera; mONticOla: P. agrestis, P. mirzakhaniae, P. plumipes, P. pontica; saltauria: P. californica and Alopecosa virgata used as outgroup].

FIGURE 26. Neighbour joining tree generated using K2P distances of COI for five species of the genus Pardosa belonging to two speciesgroups [mONticOla: P.agrestis, P. mirzakhaniae, P. pontica; prOXima: P.hortensis, P.morosa and Alopecosa virgata used as outgroup].

FIGURES1–6. Male habitus:P.mirzakhaniae sp.n.from Savadkuh Village (1‒2), P. pontica from Newlu Village (3‒4). Male palp of P. mirzakhaniae sp. n. from Savadkuh Village (5) and P. pontica from Newlu Village (6). Abbreviations: Lb lateral band; Mb median band; Ms marginal stripe; Ss sub‒marginal stripe.

FIGURES7–12. Malepalp:Bulb,embolic divisionandtegular apophysis of P.mirzakhaniae sp. n. (7,9, 11) and P.pontica(8, 10, 12). Abbreviations:Em embolus; Ta tegular apophysis; Tm terminal apophysis.

FIGURES13–16. Femalehabitus:P.mirzakhaniae sp. n. from Savadkuh Village (13‒14), P.ponticafrom Newlu Village(15‒ 16).

FIGURES 17–18. Latero‒dorsal view of prosoma:P.mirzakhaniae sp. n. from Savadkuh Village (17), P.pontica from Newlu Village (18).

FIGURES 19–20. Ventral view of epigyne of P. mirzakhaniae sp. n. from Savadkuh Village (19) and P.pontica from Newlu Village (20).

FIGURES 21–23. Male carapace length/width (21), female septum length/width (22) and female septum thinnest part/widest part (23) of P.mirzakhaniae sp. n. from Mazandaran Province and Pardosa pontica from West Azerbaijan Province.