Ixchela franckei, Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, 2013

Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, 2013, Taxonomic revision of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae), with description of ten new species from Mexico and Central America, Zootaxa 3608 (5), pp. 285-327 : 291-292

Key to identification of species of Ixchela Huber, 2000

Males

1. Chelicerae with well developed SAC ( Figs 21 , 49 , 62 )..................................................... 2 – Chelicerae without or with inconspicuous SAC ( Figs 34 , 74 , 100 )............................................ 9 2 (1). SAC distally, near the fang of chelicera ( Figs 21 , 62 , 136 ).................................................. 3 – SAC on basal half of chelicera, apically on FAC ( Figs 50 , 89 , 176 )........................................... 7 3 (2). Chelicerae with FAC conical and long ( Figs 22 , 63 , 137 )................................................... 5 – Chelicerae with FAC conical and small ( Figs 150 , 205 ).................................................... 4 4 (3). Chelicerae with FAC wide basally with tip slightly curved ( Figs 149, 150 ); embolus with basal protuberance conical, ending in round tip near PAB ( Figs 153, 154 ); palp with small PAB ( Figs 153, 154 ); palp femur wide and short, 2X longer than wide ( Figs 152, 153 ); distal spine of procursus long, curved basally and straight distally ( Figs 152, 153 )........................................................................................ Ixchela franckei new species – Chelicerae with FAC small and narrowing evenly ( Figs 204, 205 ); embolus without basal protuberance ( Fig. 208 ); palp with large PAB ( Figs 207, 208 ); palp femur thin and long ( Figs 207, 208 ); distal spine of procursus long, straight basally and curved distally J-shaped ( Figs 207–209 )...................................... Ixchela viquezi new species 5 (3). Palp femur without ventral protuberances ( Fig. 25 , 65 ), chelicerae with FAC moderate, located on basal one third ( Figs 22 , 63 )............................................................................................. 6 – Palp femur with a ventral conical protuberance (arrow Fig. 140 ); chelicerae with FAC large and curved, located basally ( Figs 136, 137 )............................................................... Ixchela taxco new species 6 (5). FAC straight ( Fig. 22 ); palp femur with retrolateral face with several setae medially ( Fig. 25 ); PAB straight and wide, not forming a distinct notch between PAB and embolus ( Fig. 26 ).................... Ixchela abernathyi (Gertsch, 1971) – FAC slightly curved apically ( Fig.63 ); palp femur with retrolateral face without setae medially ( Fig. 65 ); PAB narrow and curved, forming a distinct notch between PAB and embolus ( Fig. 66 )................ Ixchela placida (Gertsch, 1971) 7 (2). PAB small and non-protruding ( Figs 54 , 181 ); SAC claw-shaped, long and pointing forward ( Figs 49 , 175 )........... 8 PAB strongly developed, distinctly protruding ( Fig. 92 ); SAC hook-shaped, short, pointing towards each other ( Figs 88–90 )....................................................................... Ixchela mixe new species 8 (7). FAC short, located slightly distal to middle of chelicerae ( Fig. 50 ), SAC oblique to mid-line of chelicerae ( Fig. 49 ); SAC located in the middle of a large pale patch ( Fig. 49 )............................... Ixchela pecki (Gertsch, 1971) – FAC strongly developed, located on basal third of chelicerae ( Fig. 176 ); SAC parallel to mid-line of chelicerae ( Fig. 175 ); SAC basal to a small pale patch ( Fig. 175 )..................................... Ixchela santibanezi new species 9 (1). Chelicerae with SAC vestigial, but readily distinguished ( Figs 74 , 162 )....................................... 10 – Chelicerae without SAC ( Figs 34 , 100 , 124 )............................................................ 13 10 (9). Palp femur ≤2.5 X longer than wide ( Figs 78 , 192 )....................................................... 11 – Palp femur>2.6 X longer than wide ( Figs 115 , 167 )...................................................... 12 11 (10). In lateral view, FAC short and blunt ( Fig. 75 ); ventral-distally, embolus with long and wide projection, leaf-shaped ( Fig. 80 ); marginal pattern of coloration each side on carapace distinct, wide ( Fig. 73 )............................................................................................ Ixchela simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) – In lateral view, FAC rounded and protruding ( Fig. 190 ); ventral-distally, embolus with long, thin, curved projection ( Fig. 191 ); marginal pattern of coloration each side on carapace diffuse, narrow ( Fig. 187 )..... Ixchela huasteca new species 12 (10). FAC rounded, blunt; with narrow base ( Fig. 113 ); frontal face of chelicerae angled, meeting medially at oblique angles ( Fig. 112 ); palp femur distinctly angled on basal fourth ( Figs 115, 116 ); embolus distally broad and blunt ( Figs 115, 116 ); PAB long and thin, finger-like ( Fig. 116 ); in frontal view, chelicerae evenly colored, pale ( Fig. 112 )............................................................................................. Ixchela juarezi new species – FAC conical; with broad base ( Fig. 162 ); frontal face of chelicerae flat, meeting medially on the same plane ( Fig. 162 ); palp femur not angled on basal fourth ( Figs 167, 168 ); embolus distally tapering and narrow ( Figs 166–168 ); PAB widebased and short, thumb-like ( Fig. 168 ); in frontal view, chelicerae with FAC region distinctly darker, contrasting with pale basal and distal regions ( Fig. 162 )................................................ Ixchela tzotzil new species 13 (9). Chelicerae with a pale region distal to FAC ( Figs 33, 34 ); FAC long, conical, claw-shaped distally ( Figs 34, 35 ); PAB with a distinct medial contriction ( Fig. 38 ).......................... Ixchela furcula (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) – Chelicerae without pale region distal to FAC ( Figs 100 , 124 ); FAC wide, short, blunt ( Figs 101 , 125 ); PAB tapering evenly, without a distinct medial constriction ( Figs 104 , 129 ).................................................... 14 14 (13). In lateral view, FAC wide and flat apically ( Fig. 101 ); FAC directed frontally ( Figs 100, 102 ); FAC distal face densely setose ( Fig. 101 ); palp femur wide, <2.5 X longer than wide ( Figs 103, 104 ); palp bulb oblongated ( Fig. 104 )....................................................................................... Ixchela huberi new species – In lateral view, FAC small and rounded apically ( Fig. 125 ); FAC directed towards each other ( Figs 124, 126 ); FAC distal face sparsely setose ( Fig. 125 ); palp femur thin,> 3 X longer than wide ( Figs 128, 129 ); palp bulb rounded ( Fig. 129 )................................................................................. Ixchela grix new species Females

1. Epigynum considerably longer than wide ( Figs 41 , 95 , 119 )................................................. 2

– Epigynum as longer as wide or slightly wider than long ( Figs 28 , 56 , 82 )...................................... 5

2 (1). Epigynum with a single long apophysis or without apophysis ( Figs 121 , 185 )................................... 3

– Epigynum with paired apophyses ( Figs 39 , 95 )........................................................... 4

3 (2). Epigynum with a ventral apophysis, very long, curved and conical ( Figs 118–121 ); without pale region and without a con- cavity in posterior part ( Figs 119, 121 )............................................ Ixchela juarezi new species

– Epigynum without apophysis, pear-shaped in ventral view ( Fig. 183 ), with a small pale region in posterior part ( Fig. 183 ), with a posterior concavity in lateral view (arrow, Fig. 185 )........................ Ixchela santibanezi new species

4 (2). Epigynum wider anteriorly, with VAE close together ( Figs 43, 44 ); VAE in anterior part, without rounded protuberance ( Figs 39, 41, 43, 44 )....................................... Ixchela furcula (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902)

– Epigynum wider medially, with VAE separated from each other ( Fig. 94 ); VAE on anterior rounded protuberance ( Figs 94, 95, 97 )....................................................................... Ixchela mixe new species

5 (1). Epigynum with a conspicuous conical apophysis medially ( Figs 59 , 84 , 109 , 133 )............................... 6

– Epigynum without a conspicuous apophysis ( Figs 30 , 71 , 145 , 158 , 172 )...................................... 11

6 (5). Epigynum triangular in ventral view ( Fig. 82 )...................... Ixchela simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)

– Epigynum subquadrate in ventral view ( Figs 56 , 107 , 131 , 196 , 211 ).......................................... 7

7 (6). Epigynum triangular, pointed in frontal view ( Figs 106 , 130 )................................................ 8

– Epigynum subquadrate, blunt in frontal view ( Fig. 58 )............................. Ixchela pecki (Gertsch, 1971)

8 (7). Epigynum with distal pit ( Figs 210, 211 ); PP longer than wide ( Fig. 212 )................ Ixchela viquezi new species

– Epigynum without distal pit ( Figs 106 , 130 195 ); PP wider than long ( Figs 108 , 132 , 200 ).................. 9

9 (8). Epigynum in frontal view with lateral rounded protuberances ( Figs 194, 195 ).......... Ixchela huasteca new species

– Epigynum in frontal view without lateral protuberances ( Figs. 106 , 130 )...................................... 10

10 (9). Epigynum with apophysis basally ( Figs 131, 133 )..................................... Ixchela grix new species

– Epigynum with apophysis medially ( Figs 107, 109 )................................. Ixchela huberi new species

11 (5). Epigynum triangular and without rounded apical, lateral corners in frontal view ( Figs 142 , 159 ).................. 12

– Epigynum square and with rounded apical, lateral corners in frontal view ( Figs 27 , 68 , 169 )...................... 13

12 (11). Epigynum higher than wide in frontal view ( Fig. 142 ); epigynum with anterior two third dark, posterior third pale ( Fig. 143 )........................................................................ Ixchela taxco new species

– Epigynum wider than high in frontal view ( Fig. 159 ); epigynum with anterior half pale and distal half dark ( Fig. 155 )............................................................................. Ixchela franckei new species

13 (11). Epigynum in frontal view, with distal margin concave ( Fig. 68 ); epigynum with two lateral prominent corners ( Figs 68, 69, 71 )..................................................................... Ixchela placida (Gertsch, 1971)

– Epigynum in frontal view, with distal margin convex ( Figs 27 , 169 ); epigynum without prominent corners........... 14

14 (13). Epigynum in frontal view with posteromedian area extending beyond posterior margin ( Fig. 27 ); epigynum with small, rounded pit on posteromedian area ( Figs 27, 28 ); epigynum oval in ventral view, wider basally than distally ( Fig. 28 )........................................................................ Ixchela abernathyi (Gertsch, 1971)

– Epigynum in frontal view with posteromedian area not extending beyond posterior margin ( Fig. 169 ); epigynum without small, rounded pit on posteromedian area ( Figs 169, 170 ); epigynum trapezoidal in ventral view, wider distally than basally ( Fig. 170 )............................................................. Ixchela tzotzil new species

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 30. Ixchela abernathyi (Gertsch, 1971). Male: 19, Habitus, lateral view. 20, Carapace, dorsal view. 21, Chelicerae, frontal view. 22, Chelicerae, lateral view. 23, Carapace, frontal view. 24, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 25 – 26, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively (arrows indicate the apical-dorsal projection spine-shaped on the embolus, and the apical-vental projection respectively). Female: 27, Epigynum, frontal view. 28, Epigynum, ventral view. 29, Epigynum, dorsal view. 30, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 19, 21, 23, 25, 26), 0.5 mm (Figs 20, 22, 24, 27 – 30).

FIGURES 47 – 59. Ixchela pecki (Gertsch, 1971). Male: 47, Habitus, lateral view. 48, Carapace, dorsal view. 49, Chelicerae, frontal view. 50, Chelicera, lateral view. 51, Carapace, frontal view. 52, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view (arrow indicates the dorsal sclerotized line on embolus). 53 – 54, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively (arrows in Fig. 53 indicate the dorsal sclerotized line (left arrow), and ventral sclerotized line on embolus (right arrow )). 55, Left embolus, prolateraldorsal view (arrow indicates the sclerotized spine small and sub-distal on the embolus). Female: 56, Epigynum, ventral view. 57, Epigynum, dorsal view (arrow indicates the sac-shaped concavities between MSE and PP). 58, Epigynum, frontal view. 59, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 47, 48, 51, 53, 54), 0.5 mm (Figs 49, 50, 52, 55 – 59).

FIGURES 60 – 71. Ixchela placida (Gertsch, 1971). Male: 60, Habitus, lateral view. 61, Carapace, dorsal view. 62, Chelicerae, frontal view. 63, Chelicera, lateral view. 64, Carapace, frontal view. 65 – 66, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 67, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 68, Epigynum, frontal view. 69, Epigynum, ventral view. 70, Epigynum, dorsal view (arrow indicates the sac-shaped concavities between MSE and PP). 71, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68 – 71), 0.5 mm (Figs 62, 63, 67).

FIGURES 31 – 46. Ixchela furcula (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902). Male: 31, Habitus, lateral view. 32, Carapace, dorsal view. 33, Carapace, frontal view. 34, Chelicerae, frontal view. 35, Chelicera, lateral view. 36, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view (arrows indicate the two basal apophyses on dorsal part of procursus). 37 – 38, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively (arrow indicates the sclerotized spine small and sub-distal on the embolus). Females: San Vicente de Picaya: 39 – 40, Epigynum, ventral and dorsal view respectively. 43, 45, Epigynum, frontal and lateral view respectively. Parque Nacional La Tigra: 41 – 42, Epigynum, ventral and dorsal view respectively. 44, 46, Epigynum, frontal and lateral view respectively. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 31 – 34, 37 – 42), 0.5 mm (Figs 35, 36, 43 – 46).

FIGURES 72 – 84. Ixchela simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898). Male: 72, Habitus, lateral view. 73, Carapace, dorsal view. 74, Chelicerae, frontal view. 75, Chelicera, lateral view. 76, Carapace, frontal view. 77, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 78 – 79, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 80, Embolus, dorso-distal view (arrow indicates the sclerotized spine small and sub-distal on the embolus). Female: 81, Epigynum, frontal view. 82, Epigynum, ventral view. 83, Epigynum, dorsal view. 84, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 72 – 74, 76, 78, 79, 81 – 84), 0.5 mm (Figs 75, 77, 80).

FIGURES 98 – 109. Ixchela huberi new species. Male: 98, Habitus, lateral view. 99, Carapace, dorsal view. 100, Chelicerae, frontal view. 101, Chelicera, lateral view. 102, Carapace, frontal view. 103 – 104, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 105, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 106, Epigynum, frontal view. 107, Epigynum, ventral view. 108, Epigynum, dorsal view. 109, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 98, 99, 102 – 104), 0.5 mm (Figs 100, 101, 105 – 109).

FIGURES 134 – 145. Ixchela taxco new species. Male: 134, Habitus, lateral view. 135, Carapace, dorsal view. 136, Chelicerae, frontal view. 137, Chelicera, lateral view. 138, Carapace, frontal view. 139, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 140 – 141, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively (arrow indicates the vetral protuberance on palp femur). Female: 142, Epigynum, frontal view (arrow indicates the small rounded pit). 143, Epigynum, ventral view. 144, Epigynum, dorsal view. 145, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 134 – 136, 138, 140 – 142), 0.5 mm (Figs 137, 139, 143 – 145).

FIGURES 86 – 97. Ixchela mixe new species. Male: 86, Habitus, lateral view. 87, Carapace, dorsal view. 88, Chelicerae, frontal view. 89, Chelicera, lateral view. 90, Carapace, frontal view. 91 – 92, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively (arrows indicate the distal sclerotized spine on the embolus, small and flat distally). 93, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 94, Epigynum, frontal view. 95, Epigynum, ventral view. 96, Epigynum, dorsal view. 97, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (86, 87, 90 – 92), 0.5 mm (88, 89, 93, 94 – 97).

FIGURES 173 – 185. Ixchela santibanezi new species. Male: 173, Habitus, lateral view. 174, Carapace, dorsal view. 175, Chelicerae, frontal view. 176, Chelicera, lateral view. 177, Carapace, frontal view. 178, Embolus, apical view (arrow indicates the concavity between basal protuberance and the PAB). 179, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 180 – 181, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. Female: 182, Epigynum, frontal view. 183, Epigynum, ventral view. 184, Epigynum, dorsal view. 185, Epigynum, left lateral view (arrow indicates posterior concavity). Scales: 1 mm (Figs 173, 174, 177, 180, 181, 183, 184), 0.5 mm (Figs 175, 176, 178, 179, 182, 185).

FIGURES 147 – 159. Ixchela franckei new species. Male: 147, Habitus, lateral view. 148, Carapace, dorsal view. 149, Chelicerae, frontal view. 150, Chelicera, lateral view. 151, Carapace, frontal view. 152 – 153, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 154, Bulb and embolus, prolateral view (arrow indicates the round tip near to PAB). 157, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 155, Epigynum, ventral view. 156, Epigynum, dorsal view. 158, Epigynum, left lateral view. 159, Epigynum, frontal view (arrow indicates the small rounded pit). Scales: 1 mm (Figs 147, 148, 151 – 153, 157), 0.5 mm (Figs 149, 150, 154 – 156, 158, 159).

FIGURES 202 – 213. Ixchela viquezi new species. Male: 202, Habitus, lateral view. 203, Carapace, dorsal view. 204, Chelicerae, frontal view. 205, Chelicera, lateral view. 206, Carapace, frontal view. 207 – 208, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 209, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 210, Epigynum, frontal view. 211, Epigynum, ventral view. 212, Epigynum, dorsal view. 213, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 202, 206 – 208), 0.5 mm (Figs 203 – 205, 209 – 213).

FIGURES 160 – 172. Ixchela tzotzil new species. Male: 160, Habitus, lateral view. 161, Carapace, dorsal view. 162, Chelicerae, frontal view. 163, Chelicera, lateral view. 164, Carapace, frontal view. 165, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 166, Embolus, prolaterodorsal view (arrow indicates the bifurcated spine). 167 – 168, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. Female: 169, Epigynum, frontal view. 170, Epigynum, ventral view. 171, Epigynum, dorsal view. 172, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 160, 161, 164, 167, 168, 172), 0.5 mm (Figs 162, 163, 165, 169 – 171), 0.25 mm (Fig. 166).

FIGURES 122 – 133. Ixchela grix new species. Male: 122, Habitus, lateral view. 123, Carapace, dorsal view. 124, Chelicerae, frontal view. 125, Chelicera, lateral view. 126, Carapace, frontal view. 127, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 128 – 129, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. Female: 130, Epigynum, frontal view. 131, Epigynum, ventral view. 132, Epigynum, dorsal view. 133, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 122, 123, 126 – 129), 0.5 mm (Figs 124, 125, 130 – 133).

FIGURES 186 – 201. Ixchela huasteca new species. Male: 186, Habitus, lateral view. 187, Carapace, dorsal view. 188, Carapace, frontal view. 189, Chelicerae, frontal view. 190, Chelicera, lateral view. 191, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. 192 – 193, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. Females: Buanavista, near to Ahuacatlan: 194, Epigynum, frontal view. 196 – 197, Epigynum, ventral and dorsal view respectively. 198, Epigynum, left lateral view. 200 m E of junction road Pinal de Amoles-Bucarelli: 195, Epigynum, frontal view. 199 – 200, Epigynum, ventral and dorsal view respectively. 201, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 186 – 188, 192, 193), 0.5 mm (Figs 189 – 191, 194 – 201).

FIGURES 110 – 121. Ixchela juarezi new species. Male: 110, Habitus, lateral view. 111, Carapace, dorsal view. 112, Chelicerae, frontal view. 113, Chelicera, lateral view. 114, Carapace, frontal view. 115 – 116, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views respectively. 117, Bulb and procursus, dorsal view. Female: 118, Epigynum, frontal view. 119, Epigynum, ventral view. 120, Epigynum, dorsal view. 121, Epigynum, left lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (Figs 110 – 112, 114 – 121), 0.5 mm (Fig. 113).