Ophryophryne synoria, Stuart Ko Sok Thy Neang, 2006

Stuart Ko Sok Thy Neang, Bryan L., 2006, A Collection Of Amphibians And Reptiles From Hilly Eastern Cambodia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (1), pp. 129-155 : 135-136

Ophryophryne synoria , new species

(Fig. 5)

Material examined. – Holotype: FMNH 262779 , adult male, O

Chung Chry Stream, near 12°17'30"N 107°03'06"E, 500 m elev.,

Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area, O’Rang District, Mondolkiri

Province, Cambodia, coll. B. L. Stuart, K. Sok, and T. Neang, 4

Nov.2003. Fig. 5. Ophryophryne synoria , new species, holotype male ( FMNH 262779 ), in life .

Paratype: FMNH 262778 , adult male, collected with the holotype .

<IV; no webbing between toes I and II, webbing confined to base between other toes; an oval, indistinct inner metatarsal tubercle, no outer metatarsal tubercle.

Skin on dorsum shagreened, small tubercles on tympanum, temporal region, snout, and from posterior half of upper eyelid to area above shoulder, larger tubercles on rear of back; small tubercles containing black spinules on maxilla, mandible, and rear of back; fine, short, colourless spinules on dorsal surface of tibia and ventral surface of tarsus; distinct glandular supratympanic fold from eye to behind axilla; strong dorsolateral glandular ridge from above shoulder to level of 4/5 of distance between axilla and groin; a delicate glandular V-shaped ridge on dorsum, with tips at level of tympanum and apex at level slightly posterior to shoulder; a delicate glandular inverted V-shaped ridge on dorsum, with tips at level of 2/3 of distance between axilla and groin and apex at level of 1/2 of distance between axilla and groin; a delicate, glandular, medial longitudinal ridge connecting these apices; one to three delicate oblique ridges on dorsal surface of tibia; two small transverse folds on posterior edge of upper eyelid; large warts on sides intermixed with smaller warts; two small pointed, projecting dermal flaps above vent; skin on venter shagreened; black nuptial pad on dorsal and medial surface of finger I from its base to near distal joint and on most of dorsal surface of the first phalange of finger II.

Colour of holotype in life. – Dorsum olive-brown with large, yellowish-green spots; dorsal surface of head yellowish-green from tip of snout to eyes, olive-brown V-shaped marking on crown between supraorbital horns with apex pointing posteriorly; temporal region olive-brown; pupil black, outlined in orange, diamond-shaped in horizontal orientation; iris copper with black streaks radiating from pupil; upper surface of limbs with dark gray and black bands; black spots on outer surface of forelimbs and tibia; sides purplish-gray with grayish-white flecking and large black spots; throat uniform dark purplish-gray; chest and anterior half of belly purplish-gray; posterior half of belly and lower surface of limbs purplish-gray with grayish-white flecking; vent and posterior surface of thigh near vent black, posterior surface of thigh near tibio-tarsal articulation dark gray with black and white spots; dorsal surface of foot and tarsus white with black flecking; ventral surface of foot and tarsus black.

the second finger shorter than the fourth finger (equal in O. gerti ). Ophyrophryne synoria differs from O. hansi Ohler, 2003 , by having a strong dorsolateral glandular ridge from above shoulder to level of 4/5 of distance between axilla and groin (absent in O. hansi ) and having a black nuptial pad covering most of the dorsal surface of the first phalange of the second finger (black nuptial pad on the second finger small, round, and weakly visible in O. hansi ). Ophyrophryne synoria differs from O. microstoma Boulenger, 1903 , by having a strong dorsolateral glandular ridge from above shoulder to level of 4/5 of distance between axilla and groin (absent in O. microstoma ), having large tubercles on rear of back (absent in O. microstoma ), having large warts on the flanks (granules in O. microstoma ), and having the second finger shorter than the fourth finger (equal in O. microstoma ; Ohler, 2003). Ophyrophryne synoria differs from O. pachyproctus Kou, 1985 by having males with SVL 45.8- 47.3 (male O. pachyproctus SVL 28-30) and lacking the anus terminal on a dermal protuberance (present in O. pachyproctus ).

Ecology. – The holotype and paratype were collected together at night in a swift, 30 cm wide stream flowing over solid rock substrate in hilly evergreen forest. The paratype was taken at 1935 hrs. on a boulder under a fallen tree at the edge of the water. The holotype was taken at 1940 hrs. under a rock ledge 15 cm from the water.