Koyamasia calcarea (Kitam.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 235. 1999.

Bunwong, Sukhonthip, Chantaranothai, Pranom & Keeley, Sterling C., 2014, Revisions and key to the Vernonieae (Compositae) of Thailand, PhytoKeys 37, pp. 25-101 : 75-76

Koyamasia calcarea (Kitam.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 235. 1999.

Camchaya calcarea Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23: 71. 1968.

Vernonia calcarea (Kitam.) H.Koyama, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B 29(1): 20. 2003.

Type.

Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Chiangdao, T. Shimizu, H. Koyama & A. Nalampoon T-10011 (holotype: KYO!). Fig. 9D .

Description.

Perennial herbs, 20-80 m tall. Stems erect, conspicuously ribbed, puberulous with stipitate glands. Leaves 10-30 by 3-6 cm, ovate or elliptic, margin serrate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate, subcoriaceous, upper surface scabrous without glands, lower surface scabrous with whipshaped hairs, and capitate glands, lateral veins 7-10-paired; petioles up to 6 cm long. Capitulescences terminal, usually solitary. Capitula broadly campanulate, 1.5-3 cm long, pedunculate. Receptacle glabrous. Involucres hemispherical, in 6-7 series, 15-20 mm long, 15-20 mm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, green or purple, margin entire, outer surface puberulous glandular; the outer and the middle ones ovate to lanceolate, acuminate or aristate, upper half strongly reflexed; the inner ones ovate-lanceolate, apex acute. Florets more than 80, corollas funnelform, purple or white, glandular, corolla tubes 5-6 mm long; corolla lobes 2-3 mm long. Anthers 3-4 mm long, apical appendage acute, base obtuse. Styles purple. Achenes subterete, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 10-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus in 1 series of bristles, 1-3 mm long, deciduous.

Distribution.

Thailand: Chiang Mai. Endemic.

Specimens examined.

Thailand. Chiang Mai, Chiangdao wildlife sanctuary, 19°26.08'N, 98°53.76'E, 15 Nov 1963, Adisai 611 (BK); Chiangdao wildlife sanctuary, 3 Nov 1922, A.F.G. Kerr 6548 (BM, BK, K); Chiangdao wildlife sanctuary, 27 Oct 1979, T. Shimitzu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahara, T. Santisuk & C. Niyomdham T-21121 (L); Chiangdao wildlife sanctuary, T. Shimitzu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahara, T. Santisuk & C. Niyomdham T-21128 (L); Chiangdao wildlife sanctuary, 27 Oct 1979, T. Shimitzu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahara, T. Santisuk & C. Niyomdham T-21181 (L).

Diagnostic characters.

Koyamasia calcarea can be distinguished by its oblong achenes, 3-porate pollen and reflexed phyllaries. Its capitula are also larger than those of Koyamasia curtisii .

Ecology.

Restricted to limestone mountain, altitude ca. 1300 m from sea level; flowering October to December.

Vernacular name.

Akkanee Thewa (อัคคนีเทวา).

Figures

Figure 9. Morphology of Vernonieae in Thailand 5. A-B Gymnanthemum extensum C Iodocephalopsis eberhardtii D Koyamasia calcarea E-F Koyamasia curtisii G Kurziella gymnoclada H Monosis parishii I Monosis volkameriifolia