Mesomphalia gibbosa ( Fabricius, 1781 )

Simões, Marianna V. P. & Monné, Marcela L., 2014, Taxonomic Revision of the genus Mesomphalia Hope, 1839 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), Zootaxa 3835 (2), pp. 151-197 : 156-164

Mesomphalia gibbosa ( Fabricius, 1781)

( Figs. 1–54 , 91–97 , 156 , 158 )

Cassida gibbosa Fabricius, 1781: 112 ; 1787: 65; 1792: 302; 1801: 403; Gmelin, 1790: 1638; Olivier, 1790: 388; 1808: 928; Herbst, 1799: 346; Schönherr, 1817: 225.

Mesomphalia gibbosa: Hope,1839: 94 ; 1840: 91; Boheman, 1850: 223; 1856: 38; 1862: 102; Gemminger & Harold, 1876: 3632; Wagener, 1881: 63; Spaeth, 1901: 339; 1914: 33; Blackwelder, 1946: 737; Borowiec, 1996: 192; 1999: 117; Simões & Monné, 2008: 713; Flinte et al., 2008: 200; 2009: 589; Borowiec & Takizawa, 2011: 448. Stolas gibbosa: Haitlinger, 1991: 397 .

Measurements (44 males / 32 females). Total length, 11.5–15.0/13.0–14.0; greatest elytral width 11.1–13.0/ 11.2–13.0; pronotum length 3.0–3.2/3.1–3.3; greatest width of pronotum 7.0–8.1/7.0–8.0; elytral length/width ratio: 1.03–1.15/1.07–1.16; pronotal length/width ratio: 0.39–0.42/0.41–0.44.

Diagnosis. Mesomphalia gibbosa can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by: pronotum with a pair of subtriangular spots of long, dense and decumbent setae; elytra with conspicuous macroreticulation on the surface, bearing moderately long semi-decumbent setae, denser under humeral angles and apical third next to apical margin, reduced towards lateral margins, except the humeral angles, gibbosity and elytral margins.

Redescription. Body rounded with sub-acuminate apex; with yellowish-brown setae. Head ( Figs. 1–3 ) as wide as long, with parallel sides. Coronal suture ( Fig. 1 ) with reddish-brown depression. Vertex slightly convex, rugose, with coarse and sparse punctation and erect and sparse setae. Labrum ( Fig. 8 ) about 1.5x wider than long, with median elevation bearing ten short setae.

Oral fossa ( Fig. 3 ) large and irregularly quadrate, broadest at mandibular articulation, angled laterally, and narrowed ventrally. Mandibles ( Figs. 4–7 ) about as wide as long, symmetrical, curved, internal margin with one tooth and projected apex with three teeth; dorsal region with antemedian area elevated, strongly punctured with short and erect setae next to the base; post-median region with longitudinal grooves. Maxilla with membranous lacinia, acuminate at apex; galea shorter than lacinia, with apical margin slightly directed to lacinia, bearing long setae. Maxillary palps with long and erect setae, denser at apical article; palpifer short, longer at internal lateral margin, half the size of the apical article; II the longest, cylindrical and about twice the length of the remaining articles; III slightly expanded to the apex, 1/3 the length of IV; apical article rounded at apex. Labium ( Fig. 9 ) with narrow and transverse mentum; ligula semi-coriaceous with rounded apical margin and long, sparse setae. Labial palpi with palpiger short, about half the size of the remaining articles; II the longest, slightly expanded to the apex; apical article curved and narrowing towards apex.

Antennae ( Figs. 11 , 91–93 ) with longitudinal groove at apex of antennomeres VI–X and at the antemedian region of XI. Apex of scape, pedicel, and antennomere III reddish-brown or internal margin of scape and apex of pedicel yellowish-brown. Antennomeres III–IV increasing in length, about twice the size of pedicel; V subequal in length to III; VI–X subequal in length; XI with truncate apex.

Pronotum ( Figs. 12–15 , 94–97 ) with a pair of subtriangular spots of long, dense and decumbent setae; anterior margin strongly sinuous, posterior angle truncate and basal margin crenulate. Prosternum with long, dense and semi-decumbent setae decreasing towards the apex of prosternal process. Prosternal collar with acute lateral apices, followed by complete transverse groove, deep and wide medially. Prosternal process with lateral margin wide, narrowing medially, with deep longitudinal sulcus extending from middle to apex; apical margin rounded. Proendosternite ( Fig. 15 ) membranous, with two projections with rounded margins.

FIGURES 21–24. Mesomphalia gibbosa ( Fabricius, 1781) (male). 21–22, elytra: 21, lateral view; 22, ventral view; 23, mesoscutum and scutellum, general aspect; 24, wing (ac, anal cell; AM, Anterior Media; br, brace; C, Costa; Cu, Cubitus; Ju, Jugal; lc, longitudinal carena; E, Empusal; ep, epipleura; PM, Posterior Media; P, Plical; R, Radial; rc, Radius cell; Sc, SubCosta; 1A, 1st anal; 2Aa, anterior branch of A; 2Ab, posterior branch of 2A). Scale = 1mm.

Mesoscutellum (Fig. 23) elevated and subdivided, with depressed median region and longitudinal groves, short and dense setae, coarse and dense punctation. Mesoventrites and mesepimera ( Figs. 16, 18 ) glabrous, except mesepisterna with long, sparse and decumbent setae; mesoventrite process with semi-decumbent setae, with narrow lateral margin, about 2x shorter than prosternal process, U-shaped, with truncate apex. Mesendosternite ( Fig. 17 ) obliquely directed to mesepimera and fused to their internal walls. Elytra (Figs. 21–22) with conspicuous macroreticulation on the surface, bearing semi-decumbent setae, moderately long, denser under humeral angles, apical third and area beside apical margin, reduced towards lateral margins, except the humeral angles, gibbosity and elytral margins. Elytra in ventral view (Fig. 22) with longitudinal carina restricted to median region, not reaching the short, transverse and glabrous brace; apical angle of elytra acute, convergent and projected dorsally. Height of gibbosity about twice length of elytra. Hind wing (Fig. 24) length about 3x its greatest width; Costa (C) reduced, restricted to basal region; Sub-costa (Sc) restricted to the basal wing quarter; Radius (R) extending to only half of the wing; Radius cell closed with a subtriangular aspect; s-r evident, about as long as the radial cell; s-m vestigial; Cubitus (Cu) developed; Anterior Media (AM) developed, reaching the basal margin; Plical (P) developed, without ramifications; Empusal (E) united to 1st Anal (1A); transverse 2nd Anal a, Anal cell (Ac) and 2nd Anal b; Jugal (Ju) absent; basal portion microtrichiate.

Metaventrite ( Figs. 16, 18 ) about twice length of mesoventrite; metaventral sclerites glabrous, except metanepisterna and posterior margin of metaventrite with a row of decumbent, long dense setae. Metendosternite ( Figs. 19–20 ) with long blades, narrowed towards the apex; peduncle long, broader at apex; arms perpendicular in relation to blades and parallel between each other; tendon attachment prominent.

Abdominal ventrites III–V ( Figs. 41 , 48 ) with elliptical reddish–brown spots; I-IV glabrous except short row of decumbent, long and dense setae at the lateral extremities.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 41–47 ). Tergite VIII ( Fig. 43 ) convex, well-sclerotized, apical margin rounded and basal margin with lateral apodemes; apex with long dense setae. Tegmen ( Figs. 46–47 ) furcate, distinctly delimited manubrium, which is attached to basal region of aedeagus and flattened laterally, with narrow, rounded apex in lateral view; manubrium half the length of forked region, partially sclerotized. Aedeagus ( Figs. 44–45 ) wellsclerotized, elongated, curved laterally, with apical extremity narrowed ( Fig. 45 ) and truncate; internal sac membranous, ostium with two semi-sclerotized plates.

Female terminalia ( Figs. 48–54 ). Tergite VIII similar male. Sternite VII ( Fig. 49 ) with apical margin with median depression. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 50 ) somewhat sclerotized with long setae at apical margin, shortening laterally; lateral arms membranous, fused to sternite IX, forming transverse membranous sacs; apodemes about half the width of apical region. Sternite IX ( Figs. 51, 53 ) subdivided into two plates with long, erect setae at apical margin; small sclerotized region, drop-shaped at median region, next to base. Tergite X ( Figs. 52–53 ) with two regions next to sclerotized apical margin. Spermatheca ( Fig. 54 ) strongly sclerotized, falcate; vasculum hookshaped; ampulla present, about half the length of vasculum. Spermathecal duct moderately short, anterior half not coiled, abruptly widening and posterior half coiled, about 3x the size of vasculum. Spermathecal gland short and narrow, laterally attached toampulla.

Remarks. Mesomphalia gibbosa ( Figs. 91–97 ) resembles M. latipennis ( Figs. 144–147 ), M. subnitens ( Figs. 114–116 ) and M. tumidula ( Figs. 121–123 ) in having macroreticulate elytra covered by short and decumbent setae. Mesomphalia gibbosa differs from M. latipennis in having the pronotum with a pair of subtriangular spots bearing long, dense and decumbent setae, with semidecumbent setae concentrated under the humeral angle and along the apical third of the elytra, near the apical margin, while M. latipennis has pronotum with sparse setae and the elytra with a uniform distribution of setae. Mesomphalia gibbosa differs from M. subnitens in having setae on the elytral disc and from M. tumidula in having exclusively yellowish-brown setae, surrounded by orangish-red ring and another, more external yellow. Among the species that had the terminalia studied, only M. gibbosa has the tegmen ( Figs. 46–47 ) fused to the distinct and curved manubrium.

Geographical distribution. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro) ( Borowiec & Świętojańska2014). A new state record from Bahia ( Brazil) is added ( Figs. 156 , 158 ).

Host plant. Flinte et al. (2008) recorded Mikania glomerata Spreng (Asteraceae) .

Material examined (110). Type material. Holotype ( Figs. 104 a–c), deposited at the BMNH, photographs examined. No locality: XII.1964, Friendreich (2 females, MNRJ); BRAZIL: (1 male, MZSP); Bahia: Barra, X.1944 , A. Parko (1 male, 2 females, MNRJ); Espírito Santo: Linhares, XII.1970, B. Silva (1 male, MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: Guapimirim, ( RPPN Campo Escoteiro Chefe Geraldo Hugo Nunes), 28.XI.2009, M. Cupello (1 ex., MNRJ); Itatiaia, III–IV.1931 (1 male, MNRJ); Nova Iguaçu, (Reserva Biolgica Federal do Tingu), IX.1965, B. Pereira (2 males, 1 female, MNRJ); Petrópolis, (Independência), 900 m, Gagarin (1 female, MNRJ); XI.1936, Dreyen (1 ex., MZSP); XI.1931 (1 ex., MNRJ); (Visconde do Bom Retiro), 1.VIII.1952, Newton Santos (1 male, 1 female, MNRJ); 22.X.1954, D. Zajciw (1 ex., MNRJ); 3.XI.1955, D. Zajciw (1 ex., MNRJ); 1.VIII.1957, Newton Santos (1 ex., MNRJ); 28.II.1960, J. Becker (1 female, MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, Dr. H. Groll. (1 female, MNRJ); 1919, Burken (1 male, MNRJ); II.1948, Dirings (1 ex., MNRJ); IV.1926, Dario Mendes (1 female, MNRJ); IV.1929, Dario Mendes (1 female, MNRJ); 28.II.1945, Wygodzinsky (1 male, MNRJ); 27.VII.1913, Azevedo Marques (1 male, MNRJ; 1 male, 1 female, DZUP); (Alto da Boa Vista), III.1950, C.A.C. Seabra (2 males, 1 female, MNRJ); VIII.1971, Fontes, Sandin & Waldyr (2 males, 1 female, 1 ex., MNRJ); (Corcovado), 17.XI.1955, D. Zajciw (2 males, 1 female, MNRJ); XI.1957, Alvarenga & Seabra (1 female, DZUP); X.1958, Alvarenga & Seabra (1 ex., MNRJ); 18.IX.1961, J. S. Moure, Alvarenga & Seabra (4 males, DZUP); I.1962, A. Cesar (2 exs., MNRJ); IX.1965, Alvarenga & Seabra (2 males, USNM); X.1967, Alvarenga & Seabra (1 male, DZUP); 29.IX.1969, Fragoso (2 exs., MNRJ); 17.I.1971, J. Becker (1 male, MNRJ); (Gávea, Vista Chinesa), VII–VIII.1936 (1 male, MNRJ); 24.V.1953, Newton Santos (1 ex., MNRJ); XII.1956, M. Alvarenga (1 female, DZUP); (Jacarepaguá, Lagoinha das Taxas), 29.V.1966, W. Santos & Piedade (2 exs., MNRJ); (Jacarepaguá, Restinga de Jacarepaguá), 4.V.1940, H. Berla-Rio (1 male, 1 female, MNRJ); II.1951, C. Seabra (1 ex., MNRJ); (Jacarepaguá, Taquara, Pau da Fome), 1.IX.1940, Newton Santos (1 male, MNRJ); (Jardim Botânico), 8.V.1938 (1 male, MNRJ); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca), 3.IV.1942, C. R. Hathaway (1 female, MNRJ); C.A.C. Seabra (1 female, MNRJ); II–III.1951, C.A.C. Seabra (2 males, 4 females, MNRJ); IV.1951, C.A.C. Seabra (2 exs., MNRJ); 10.II.1952, D. Zajciw (1 male, 1 female, MNRJ); 8.II.1953, J. Becker (1 male, MNRJ); 16.II.1958, J. Becker (1 male, MNRJ); 10.II.1959, D. Zajciw (1 ex., MNRJ); 28.II.1960, J. Becker (1 ex., MNRJ); IV.1980, B. Silva (1 female, 1 ex., MNRJ); IV.1980, B. Silva (2 exs., MNRJ); 28–31.X.1985, T.J. Henry (1 ex., USNM); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Açude da Solidão), 27.II.1961 (1 female, MNRJ); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Paineiras), 16.II.1953 (1 male, 1 female, MNRJ); 17.V.1953, Newton Santos (4 exs., MNRJ); 28.IX.1954, J. Becker (1 female, MNRJ); 15.XI.1954, J. Becker (1 male, MNRJ); 18.IX.1958, J. Becker (1 male, 1 female, MNRJ); 8.IX.1967, J. Becker (1 male, MNRJ); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Represa do Rio Grande), II.1980, E.S. Lima (2 males, 2 exs., MNRJ); 9.I.1967, F.M. Oliveira (2 males, DZUP); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Floresta dos Macacos), 2–9.XII.1959, Werner & Alvarenga (1 female, DZUP); (Tijuca, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Pico da Tijuca), 8.III.1953, J. Becker (1 female, MNRJ); 4.III.1956, J. Becker (1 ex., MNRJ); Teresópolis, (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos), XI.1940, A. Parko (3 males, 1 ex., MNRJ).

Figures

FIGURES 156. Map of geographic distribution of Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781); M. latipennis Boheman, 1856; M. nudoplagiata Spaeth, 1901; M. retipennis Boheman, 1850; Mesomphalia spaethi Simões & Monné, sp. nov.; M. sexmaculosa Boheman, 1856.

FIGURES 1 – 10. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (male). 1 – 3, head: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, ventral view; 4 – 7, mandibles: 4, dorsal view; 5, ventral view; 6, superior lateral view; 7, inferior lateral view; 8, labrum, dorsal view; 9, labium, ventral view; 10, maxillae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 11 – 15. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (male). 11, antenna, dorsal view; 12 – 15, prothorax: 12, dorsal view; 13, ventral view; 14, lateral view; 15, frontal view (pr, proendosternite; ps, prosternal sulcus). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16 – 20. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (male). 16, meso – and metaventrites; 17, meso – and metendosternite; 18, meso – and metathorax; 19 – 20, metendosternite: 19, dorsal view; 20, ventral view (a, arm, la, lamina; me, mesendosternite; te, tendon). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 25 – 40. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (male). 25, procoxa; 26, profemur; 27, protibia; 28 – 29, protarsomere: 28, dorsal view; 29, lateral view; 30, mesocoxa; 31, mesofemur; 32, mesotibia; 33 – 34, mesotarsomere: 33, dorsal view; 34, lateral view; 35, metacoxa; 36, metafemur; 37, metatibia; 38 – 39, metatarsomere: 38, dorsal view; 39, lateral view; 40, apendiculate claws. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 41 – 47. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (male). 41, abdomen, ventral view; 42, ventrite V, general aspect; 43, tergite VIII, dorsal view; 44 – 45, median lobe; 44, lateral view; 45, dorsal view of the apex; 46 – 47, tegmen: 46, dorsal view; 47, lateral view. (ed, ejaculatory duct; ma, manubrium; o, ostium; te, tegmen). Scale = 1 mm

FIGURES 48 – 54. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781) (female). 48, abdomen, ventral view; 49, sternite VII, general aspect; 50, sternite VIII; 51, sternite IX; 52, tergite X; 53, sternite IX and tergite X, lateral view; 54, spermatheca (am, ampulla; ed, spermatheca duct; Gl, ductus glandula auxiliaris; va, vasculum). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 91 – 97. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781). 91 – 93, antenna: 91, general aspect, arrows showing longitudinal grooves; 92, antennomere VI, with long and erect setae at the apex, and longitudinal suture next to the apex; 93, antennomere XI, with longitudinal suture at the median region; 94 – 97, pronotum: 94 – 95, median line smooth; 96 – 97, projection of posterior margin.

FIGURES 158 – 163. Map of geographic distribution of 158, Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781); 159, M. sublaevis Boheman, 1850; 160, Mesomphalia spaethi Simões & Monné, sp. nov.; 161, M. turrita (Illiger, 1801); 162, M. subnitens Spaeth, 1917; 163, M. sexmaculosa Boheman, 1856.

FIGURES 140 – 147. Mesomphalia species: 140 – 143, Mesomphalia retipennis Boheman, 1850: 140, lateral view; 141 – 143, holotype: 141, dorsal view; 142, lateral view; 143, labels; 144 – 147, Mesomphalia latipennis Boheman, 1850: 144, dorsal view; 145, lateral view; 146 – 147, holotype: 146, dorsal view; 147, labels.

FIGURES 114 – 122. Mesomphalia species: 114 – 116, Mesomphalia subnitens Spaeth, 1917: 114, dorsal view; 115, lateral view; 116, holotype, dorsal view; 117 – 120, Mesomphalia sexmaculosa Boheman, 1856: 117, dorsal view; 118, lateral view; 119, holotype; 120, labels; 121 – 122, Mesomphalia tumidula Boheman, 1850: 121, male, dorsal view; 122, female, dorsal view.

FIGURES 101 – 104. Mesomphalia gibbosa (Fabricius, 1781). 101, male, dorsal view; 102, female, dorsal view; 103, female, lateral view; 104 a – c. holotype: 104 a, dorsal view; 104 b, ventral view; 104 c, labels.