Synergus castaneus Pujade-Villar, Bernardo & Viggiani, 2013

IRENE LOBATO-VILA, ALBA SALA-NISHIKAWA, GEORGE MELIKA, GRAHAM N. STONE, CHANGTI TANG, MAN-MIAO YANG, ZHIQIANG FANG, YING ZHU, YIPING WANG, SUNGHOON JUNG, JAMES A. NICHOLLS & JULI PUJADE-VILLAR, 2022, A catalogue, revision, and regional perspective of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental oak gall wasps and their inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini, Synergini, Ceroptresini), Zootaxa 5161 (1), pp. 1-71 : 40

Synergus castaneus Pujade-Villar, Bernardo & Viggiani, 2013

Synergus castaneus Pujade-Villar, Bernardo & Viggiani in Bernardo et al. (2013): 439, ♀ & ♂.

Saphonecrus reticulatus Pujade-Villar, Wang & Guo in Pujade-Villar et al. (2014c): 43, ♀ [syn. in Lobato-Vila et al. (2021a: 345)].

Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang Provinces) ( Bernardo et al. 2013: 439, 442; Pujade-Villar et al. 2014c: 44, 47; Pujade-Villar et al. 2018b: 137; Lobato-Vila et al. 2021a: 345–346).

Remarks. Bernardo et al. (2013) suspected that S. castaneus could be a gall maker; however, it was later reared from galls of Andricus henryi ( Pujade-Villar et al. 2018b) .

Remarks (2). According to the original description of S. reticulatus ( Pujade-Villar et al. 2014c) , this species was reared from galls on branches and twigs of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata . However, this host plant was erroneously identified: it was actually a Castanea sp. ( Lobato-Vila et al. 2021a).

Remarks (3). Lobato-Vila et al. (2021a) said that S. castaneus was obtained from asexual galls of A. henryi , but it was a typographical error: according to Pujade-Villar et al. (2018b), based on the adult morphology and the gall phenology females of A. henryi probably correspond to the sexual generation.

Biology. Reared from galls of Andricus henryi ♂ ♀ and undetermined rounded stem swelling galls on branches and twigs ( Pujade-Villar et al. 2014c, 2018b) on different Castanea species ( Table 2; Bernardo et al. 2013; PujadeVillar et al. 2018b; Lobato-Vila et al. 2021a).