Cercocebus lunulatus (Temminck, 1853)

Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Cercopithecidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 550-755 : 653

28.

White-naped Mangabey

Cercocebus lunulatus

French: Mangabey couronné / German: Weilnackenmangabe / Spanish: Mangabey de cuello blanco

Other common names: Crescent-naped Mangabey, White-collared Mangabey, White-crowned Mangabey

Taxonomy. Cercopithecus lunulatus Temminck, 1853 ,

Ghana, River Boutry.

C. lunulatus is ranked as a subspecies of C. atys by some experts. This species was also formerly regarded as a subspecies of C. torquatus . Monotypic.

Distribution. E & NE Ivory Coast (from the Nzo-Sassandra river system to the Volta River), SW Burkina Faso, and SW Ghana. It is believed to have been extirpated in the region between the Sassandra and Bandama rivers, Ivory Coast.

Descriptive notes. Head—body 52-73 cm (males) and 47.4-51 cm (females), tail 67-5— 74 cm (males) and 68 cm (one female); weight 7.1-11.8 kg (males) and 3.9-6.3 kg (females); all measurements from captive individuals. Although similar in their habits, male White-naped Mangabeys are larger than Sooty Mangabeys (C. atys ). Female White-naped Mangabeys and Sooty Mangabeys are similar in size. Back, tail, outer limbs, hands, and feet of White-naped Mangabeys are a brownish smoky-gray, with a well-expressed dorsal stripe. Underside, chest, and throat are white. Face is grayish pink but darker than that of Sooty Mangabeys. There is a whorl on the crown, and a white half-moon shaped patch (bordered with black) across the nape, which resulted in its scientific name. Males are considerable larger than females.

Habitat. A variety of primary and secondary forest types, including dry, swamp, mangrove, and gallery forest. It rarely ascends beyond the lowest level of the canopy. Little is known about the White-naped Mangabey, but it most likely shares many features of its behavior and ecology with its sister species, the Sooty Mangabey.

Food and Feeding. White-naped Mangabeys eat mainly fruits, along with seeds, other plant material, and some animal prey.

Breeding. Female White-naped Mangabeys probably have a 30day reproductive cycle, and they develop a conspicuous perineal swelling around ovulation. A single young is born after a gestation of ¢.170 days.

Activity patterns. White-naped Mangabeys are diurnal and mainly terrestrial.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The home range size of the Whitenaped Mangabey is c. 200 ha. Population densities can reach 5 ind/km? Groups of 3-58 individuals have been observed, most likely comprising several adult males and females.

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The [UCN Red List (as C. atys lunulatus ). The White-naped Mangabey is listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is relentlessly hunted for the bushmeat trade. The White-naped Mangabey has a restricted, patchy distribution and is not known to be abundant anywhere. It may still occur in seven protected areas: Ankasa Game Reserve and Dadieso and Yoyo River forest reserves in Ghana and Comoé and Marahoué national parks and Dassioko and Niegre forest reserves in Ivory Coast. It is also found in the Warigué protected area in Burkina Faso. The White-naped Mangabey is the mangabey in Bia and Nini-Suhien national parks and Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve in Ghana. Surveys in Ivory Coast confirmed its presence only in Tanoé Community Forest in the extreme south-eastern part of the country and Como¢ National Park, where it is threatened by civil conflict and hunting. The TUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group listed the White-naped Mangabey as one of the “World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates ” in 2000-2006 because of its almost complete elimination from eastern Ivory Coast and western Ghana.

Bibliography. Aidara et al. (1981), Booth (1956a, 1958a, 1958b, 1979), Daegling & McGraw (2007), Fabregas & Guillén-Salazar (2007), Fischer et al. (1999/2000), Galat & Galat-Luong (2006), Gonedelé Bi, Koné et al. (2012), Gonedelé Bi, Sangaré et al. (2007), Groves (1978, 2001, 2005b), Grubb (2006), Grubb, Butynski et al. (2003), Grubb, Jones et al. (1998), Harris (2000), Harris & Disotell (1998), Hill (1974), Jolly (2007), Kingdon (1971, 1997), McGraw (1998a), McGraw & Fleagle (2006), McGraw, Magnuson et al. (2006), McGraw, Monah et al. (1997/1998), Oates (2011), Pérez & Vea (1999), Rowell & Richards (1979), Schlee & Labejof (1994), Swedell (2011), Tahiri-Zagret (1976), Vea et al. (1999).

Figures

On following pages: 16. Arunachal Macaque (Macaca munzala); 17. Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana); 18. Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides); 19. Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis); 20. Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta); 21. Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata); 22. Taiwanese Macaque (Macaca cyclopis).

Distribution. E & NE Ivory Coast (from the Nzo-Sassandra river system to the Volta River), SW Burkina Faso, and SW Ghana. It is believed to have been extirpated in the region between the Sassandra and Bandama rivers, Ivory Coast.