Udea austriacalis ( Herrich-Schaeffer , 1851)

Mally, Richard, Huemer, Peter & Nuss, Matthias, 2018, Deep intraspecific DNA barcode splits and hybridisation in the Udeaalpinalis group (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Crambidae) - an integrative revision, ZooKeys 746, pp. 51-90 : 56-63

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.22020
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DF12B2D0-4155-4B10-B3A3-A0B1E755DFF6
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1A1160-FDB9-0F88-04EA-9F70E9F4A14E
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Udea austriacalis ( Herrich-Schaeffer , 1851)
status	stat. rev.

Treatment

Udea austriacalis ( Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851) stat. rev. Figs 1, 2-3, 4, 7-10, 23-28, 45

Botys austriacalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: 288 [1851 - binominal], pl. 20 fig. 142 [1849 - uninominal].

= Botys nitidalis Heinemann, 1865: 83.

= Botys sororialis Heyden, 1860: 93.

Type locality.

Austria, Carinthia, Hohe Tauern, Grossglockner.

Material examined.

Maritime Alps Barcode clade

Diagnosis.

Outer side of labial palps’ 2nd and 3rd palpomeres pronouncedly darker than the rest of the labial palps; in U. donzelalis , labial palps’ 2nd and 3rd palpomeres on outside barely darker than rest of labial palps. Maculation of forewing usually less pronounced than in U. donzelalis , the apical brown streak often narrower; hindwing in females dorsally evenly dark brown, whereas in U. donzelalis the inner area is greyish cream-white, contrasted by a darker outer band. In the male genitalia, the fibula of U. austriacalis is generally a bit narrower and more evenly broad from the base to the subapex; in U. donzelalis the fibula is somewhat broader and elongate triangular. In the female genitalia, the signum of U. austriacalis is 3.4-4.4 times as long as broad (n = 8), whereas in U. donzelalis the signum is on average narrower, being 4.1-5.1 times as long as broad (n = 6) (Tab. 1). Udea austriacalis can furthermore be distinguished by the COI Barcode from all other sequenced Udea species; the two allopatric DNA barcode clades of U. austriacalis , the first confined to the Maritime Alps and the second from other parts of the Alps, the Balkan Mountains and the Caucasus, do not differ from each other morphologically and in the nuclear genes wingless and EF1-alpha, so that they are considered conspecific. The two COI Barcode clades are the nearest neighbours to each other, and they differ by a minimum of 2.38 % p-distance of nucleotide divergence from each other; the Maritime Alps clade also has U. cretacea as nearest neighbour with 2.38% p-distance of minimum nucleotide divergence (Tab. 3).

Redescription.

Head. Frons and vertex covered with beige scales; frons evenly convex, covered with beige to light brown scales; labial palps projecting forward, third segment pointed, palps covered with beige scales, outer sides of labial palps’ second and third segment light to dark brown; maxillary palps approximately one quarter as long as labial palps, with beige apical scale tuft; compound eyes hemispherical; proboscis well developed, its base covered in pale beige and dark brown scales; antennae filiform, posterior side covered in pale beige scales, anterior side in males densely covered with cilia shorter than the basal antennal radius, shorter still in females, antennal length approx. 50-60 % of forewing length in males, approx. 70 % in females; ocellus posterior to antenna base.

Thorax. Cream-white, with collar and anterior part of tegulae scales more caramel-coloured; legs cream-white except for dark brown inner side of fore- and midlegs as well as distal half of hindlegs; tibial spurs on fore-/mid-/hindleg 0/2/4, as in other species of the genus; midleg outer spur ca. 2/3 length of inner spur; hindleg outer spurs ca. 2/3 length of inner spurs.

Wings. Forewing length 11-13 mm in males, 8-10 mm in females. Males and females with one frenulum bristle. Females with more acute apex due to the straight costa (distally curved in males). Forewing ground colour glossy cream-white to beige, with maculation more or less prominent: basal two thirds of costa with light brown streak, distal discoidal stigma a diffuse brownish dot, postmedial line brownish, arching around distal discoidal stigma, then turning basad until below distal discoidal stigma, sharply arching back outwards (the typical " Udea loop"), then following course of arch in postmedial line’s anterior part and meeting with dorsum at about two thirds of dorsum length; apical streak more or less pronounced, narrow; ends of veins on dorsum in some specimens with minute dark brown dots, but often missing; fringe light cream-white. Hindwing in males cream-white to brownish, postmedial line brown, more or less clear, terminal band brown, often only at apex; hindwing in females evenly dark brown, some specimens with a slightly darker terminal band. Underside of forewing uniformly brown with a slightly darker distal discoidal stigma and, in some specimens, with a slightly darker postmedial line; underside of hindwing greyish white to grey, with costal area somewhat darker, a diffuse brownish grey postmedial line might be visible in males, in females a more or less pronounced terminal band is present.

Abdomen. Dorsal side of abdomen covered with cream-white glossy scales, ventral side with dark brown scales, interspersed by cream-white scales; male 8th segment with long beige posterior scales. Tympanum with broad short lobulus; 2nd sternite with broad U-shaped sclerotisation, more so in females, inner part less sclerotised; 3rd sternite anterior edge with broad sclerotised lobe on each side of the centre, tapering anterolaterad into thin apex; 4th sternite anterior edge with oval hole in sternite sclerotisation on each side of the centre; centre of anterior edge of sterites V-VII with broad, short rectangular protrusion; male 8th sternite with U-shaped sclerotisation along borders, posterior ends broadened; male 8th tergite with broad central longitudinal sclerotisation, somewhat broadening anteriorly, leading laterally into pointed triangular process.

Male genitalia. (Figs 23-28) Uncus broadly attached to tegumen, the attachment site laterally constricted; apical part of uncus constricted into slim, strap-like neck leading into flattened oval uncus head, dorsally covered densely with stiff, deeply bifid setae. Tegumen broad, rectangular. Broad, weakly sclerotised gnathos band with a central conical dorsad protrusion. Transtilla arms forming equilateral triangles, dorsal surface sparsely set with thin long simple setae. Vinculum broad, well sclerotised, sides elongate drop-shaped to oval, ventral part mediodorsally forming broad bell-shaped protrusion towards juxta, ventrally forming U-shaped saccus with prominent ventromedial keel. Juxta nearly rhomboidal to almost circular, apex sharply bifid with medial incision about one quarter as long as juxta. Valva long, slender, slightly tapering towards apex; costa slightly concave, broader at base, surface sparsely set with thin, long, simple setae; sacculus broad, roughly oval, dorsodistal edge close to fibula base, ventrodistal part concavely curving towards ventral valva edge; ventral valva edge straight apart from a slightly concave recess in the area of the fibula tip; valva apex rounded towards distal end of costa; slender, evenly broad, strongly sclerotised fibula directed towards sacculus apex, apical half narrowed to pointed, ventrad curved claw, ventral side of claw flat; fibula emerging from oval sclerotised lobe near base of costa, sparsely set with thin, long simple setae. Phallus tubular, slightly curved, evenly sclerotised; posterior phallus apodeme bent sinistrad, dorsally and ventrally with elongate unsclerotised strip, right posterior phallus apodeme forming sclerotised spatulate lobe with medially protruding ridge containing three (rarely two) teeth of variable shape apically.

Female genitalia. (Fig. 45) Corpus bursae membranous, oval; elongate lens-shaped longitudinal signum extending through corpus bursae, 3.4- to 4.4-times as long as broad (n = 8). Ductus bursae membranous apart from short sclerotised section in posteriormost part and oval, longitudinally folded auxiliary signum in anterior section where it transitions into corpus bursae; length of auxiliary signum 29-60% of main signum length (n=8); ductus bursae anteriorly broad, tapering posteriad to half its diameter; posterior section and colliculum less strongly sclerotised, with thickened mesocuticle, colliculum forming short ‘S’; ductus seminalis membranous, emerging at colliculum. Antrum broad, tubular to conical, strongly sclerotised, without thickened mesocuticle; length of sclerotisation equal to antrum diameter (longer in dissected female from Korab), with variably pronounced unsclerotised longitudinal strip in antrum’s dorsal sclerotisation. Postvaginal area membranous, sparsely covered with evenly spread tiny spicules. Segment 8 a broad, strongly sclerotised, ventrally open band, with anterior side broadly recessed where apophyses anteriores attach; apophyses anteriores slender, with broadened triangular to rhomboidal muscle attachment area at ca. 1/3 of their length. Apophyses posteriores slender, ca. 2/3 as long as apophyses anteriores. Papillae anales simple, with long setae on outer margin and shorter ones elsewhere.

Immature stages.

Not studied and, to our knowledge, not described in the literature.

Distribution.

Alps, Southern Balkan and Caucasus, where it might occur sympatrically with U. cretacea (Fig. 4).

Food plants.

Lhomme (1935) reports U. austriacalis from Plantago major L. ( Plantaginaceae ), and the synonymous “Pyrausta” sororialis Heyden, 1860 as polyphagous.

DNA data.

See Table 2. In BOLD, U. austriacalis is represented by the BINs AAD2363 and AAD2364. The seven DNA barcoded specimens forming the clade from the Central and East Alps and Macedonia differ between 0% and 0.95% in p-distance, whereas the nine specimens from the Maritime Alps are identical in their DNA barcodes. The two clades are closest to each other in COI p-distances, with a minimum of 2.38%; furthermore, the Maritime Alps clade has C. cretacea as closest nearest COI neighbour (see Tab. 3). The next-closest neighbours are U. rhododendronalis , U. uliginosalis and U. ruckdescheli with a minimum interspecific COI p-distance of 4.29%. Udea donzelalis (see below) differs by 5.24-5.71% COI p-distance from U. austriacalis .

Remarks.

The type material was not stated in the original description of Herrich-Schäffer (1847-1855 [ “1849”]), however, on pl. 20 fig. 142 a male imago is illustrated. Type material is also not stated in Herrich-Schäffer (1843-1856 [ “1856”]).

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Lepidoptera
Family	Crambidae
Genus	Udea

Udea austriacalis ( Herrich-Schaeffer , 1851)

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