Echinax

Haddad, Charles R., 2012, A revision of the spider genus Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical Region, Zootaxa 3450, pp. 33-61 : 40

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.209739

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174680

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF0B6C69-FFA0-0231-FF21-FF14FA5DAE69

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Echinax
status

 

Key to the Afrotropical species of Echinax View in CoL View at ENA

1. Females............................................................................................. 2

– Male................................................................................................ 8

2 Epigyne with large 6-shaped epigynal ridges and large copulatory openings ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 69 – 72 ); copulatory ducts long, entering ST II anteriorly ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 69 – 72 )...................................................................... E. scharffi View in CoL sp. nov.

– Epigyne with curved copulatory ridges and small lateral copulatory openings; copulatory openings shorter, entering ST II posteriorly........................................................................................... 3

3 Epigynal ridges small, separated by distance greater than their width ( Fig. 52 View FIGURES 52 – 55 ); copulatory ducts nearly transverse, with sharp bend medially before entering ST II.......................................................... E. clara View in CoL sp. nov.

– Epigynal ridges broader, separated by distance clearly less than their width; copulatory ducts variable in structure, rarely transverse with sharp bend..............................................................................4

4 Labium and sternum without black markings................................................ .. E. hesperis View in CoL sp. nov.

– Labium with spots or transverse markings along proximal margin; sternum usually without markings, but sometimes with black spots........................................................................................... 5

5 Sternum with distinct small lateral spots at each coxa; epigyne larger than congeners, clearly longer than broad ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 77 – 80 ), with gently curving copulatory ducts ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 77 – 80 ).................................................. .. E. spatulata View in CoL sp. nov.

– Sternum without markings at coxae; epigyne smaller, similar in length and breadth, copulatory ducts with distinct bend along their course.......................................................................................... 6

6 Epigynal ridges meeting medially in epigyne ( Figs 41 View FIGURES 41 – 44 , 64 View FIGURES 64 – 67 ); copulatory ducts with distinct perpendicular bend medially, anterior and lateral sections of duct similar in length ( Fig. 65 View FIGURES 64 – 67 ).................................. E. natalensis View in CoL sp. nov.

– Epigynal ridges clearly separated and not meeting medially ( Figs 43 View FIGURES 41 – 44 , 60 View FIGURES 60 – 63 , 73 View FIGURES 73 – 76 ); copulatory ducts with bend anteriorly, anterior section of duct much shorter than lateral section ( Figs 61 View FIGURES 60 – 63 , 74 View FIGURES 73 – 76 )................................................... 7

7 Epigynal ridges strongly curved, with large copulatory openings ( Figs 43 View FIGURES 41 – 44 , 73 View FIGURES 73 – 76 ); clypeus height 1½ times AME diameter; PME separated by distance slightly larger than their diameter ( South Africa).............................. E. similis View in CoL sp. nov.

– Epigynal ridges slightly curved, with small copulatory openings ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 60 – 63 ); clypeus height nearly 2 times AME diameter; PME separated by distance % their diameter (Tropical Africa)............................................. E. longespina

8 Palpal embolus with distal section of coil nearly straight ( Fig. 47 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ).................................... E. longespina

– Palpal embolus with distal section of coil slightly to strongly curved (e.g. Figs 48–51 View FIGURES 45 – 51 )...............................9

9 Sternum with distinct small lateral spots at each coxa; palpal embolus with very narrow base ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ); cymbium with several flat thickened spatulate setae in distal third.................................................. E. spatulata View in CoL sp. nov.

– Sternum without markings at coxae; palpal embolus with moderate to broad base; cymbium only with straight thickened spatulate setae in distal third............................................................................ 10

10 Labium without markings; basal coil of embolus very strongly oblique, approximately 75° off transverse palpal axis ( Fig. 46 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ).................................................................................... .. E. hesperis View in CoL sp. nov.

– Labium with proximal transverse marking or lateral spots; basal coil of embolus less oblique, between 45° and 60° off transverse palpal axis................................................................................. 11

11 Distal section of embolus strongly curved, nearly semi-circular ( Figs 45, 49 View FIGURES 45 – 51 )..................................... 12

– Distal section of embolus slightly curved ( Figs 48, 50 View FIGURES 45 – 51 )....................................................... 13

12 Chelicerae with black spots on anterior surface of paturon; embolus with very sharp prolateral bend; longitudinal distance from retrolateral bend to prolateral bend equal to ¼ the distance from prolateral bend to tip ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ) ( Tanzania)...................................................................................................... E. scharffi View in CoL sp. nov.

– Chelicerae without markings on anterior surface of paturon; embolus with gentle prolateral bend; longitudinal distance from retrolateral bend to prolateral bend approximately ½ the distance from prolateral bend to tip ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ) (Central and West Africa)................................................................................. E. clara View in CoL sp. nov.

13 Embolus somewhat thickened along its entire length, especially in prolateral bend of coil; longitudinal distance from retrolateral bend to prolateral bend approximately ¼ the distance from prolateral bend to tip ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ); tibiae III and IV with a single rlv spine......................................................................... E. similis View in CoL sp. nov.

– Embolus fine along its entire length, including prolateral bend of coil ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ); longitudinal distance from retrolateral bend to prolateral bend approximately 2⁄ 5 the distance from prolateral bend to tip ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 45 – 51 ); tibiae III and IV with two rlv spines.......................................................................................... E. natalensis View in CoL sp. nov.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Corinnidae

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