Psechrus luangprabang Jäger, 2007

Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), Zootaxa 3379 (1), pp. 1-170 : 83-87

Psechrus luangprabang Jäger, 2007

Figs 43a–d , 44a–e , 45a–e , 81d , 83b , 85l , 88m , 91m , 93a

Psechrus luangprabang Jäger 2007: 45 , figs 48–53, 68–72 (Description of ♂ and ♀, illustration of ♂ and ♀). [Holotype ♂ (SB 1030) from LAOS: Luangprabang Province: Xieng Ngeun District, Ban Keng Koung [L15], N 19°40'58'', E 102°18'27'', 372 m, disturbed forest at riverside of Nam Khan, between rocks; P. Jäger & J. Altmann leg. 07.III.2006; SMF 56389; Paratypes: 1 ♂ (SB 1031), 2 ♀♀ (SB 1032, 1034) with same data as for holotype; SMF 56390(SB 1031–1032), SMF 56392(SB 1034); 1 ♂ (SB 1033) with same data as for holotype, but: leg. 08.III.2006; SMF 56391, all type material examined]. Bayer and Jäger 2010: 72.

Additional material examined (13 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, 6 s.a. ♂♂, 10 s.a. ♀♀, 5 juvs). LAOS: Luang Nam Tha Province: Nam Ha Protected Area |2|, N 21°06'43'', E 101°20'36.1'', 693 m, under bridge; P. Jäger leg. 06.III.2008; 2 ♂♂ ( SB 21–22 ), SMF ( SB 21 ), MHNG ( SB 22 ). Nam Ha Protected Area |3|, N 21°08'17.6'', E 101°24'07.3'', 746 m, under bridge; P. Jäger leg. 06.III .2008; 1 ♀ ( SB 6 ), SMF . Nam Ha Protected Area |6|, N 21°03'32.1'', E 101°24'03'', 590 m, under bridges; P. Jäger leg. 07. III .2008; 3 ♂♂ (48, 53–54), 3 ♀♀ ( SB 49 , 51–52 ), 4 s.a. ♀♀ ( SB 50 , 56–58 ), SMF . Same data as above, but: P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 19.XI.2009; 1 ♂ ( SB 459 ), 2 s.a. ♂♂ ( SB 352 , 359 ), SMF . Ban Tavan |3| (near Luang Nam Tha), N 20°58'57.6'', E 101°29'38'', 586 m, small stream with steep slopes at both sides, between roots and stones; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 18.XI.2009; 1 ♂ ( SB 402 ), 1 ♀ ( SB508 ), 1 juv. ( SB 356 ), SMF . Oudomxai Province: Lipi Provincial Protected Area , ca. 3.7 km S of Oudomxai, N 20°39'39.8'', E 101°59'47.3'', 741 m, under rock; L. Nophaseud leg. 18. IV.2011; 2 ♀♀ ( SB 1143–1144 ), SMF . Luang Prabang Province: Nong Khiao, near Tham Pathok Cave , N 20°33'05'', E 102°37'55'', ca. 350 m, between rocks and stones; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 16.XI.2009; 1 ♂ ( SB 353 ), 1 s.a. ♀ ( SB 346 ), 1 s.a. ♂ ( SB 358 ), SMF . Luang Prabang, Phou Si , N 19°53'23'', E 102°08'04'', ca. 300 m, small, dry secondary forest, between stones; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 14.XI.2009; 1 juv. ( SB 360 ), SMF . Xieng Ngeun District, Ban Keng Koung [L15], N 19°40'58'', E 102°18'27'', 372 m, disturbed forest at riverside of Nam Khan, between rocks; P. Jäger & J. Altmann leg. 07. III.2006; 1 s.a. ♂ ( SB 1035 ), SMF 56391 . Same data as above, but: P. Jäger leg. by night 23. II.2008; 2 ♀♀ ( SB 41–42 ), SMF . Ban Ean, That Se [L 13], N 19°50'34'', E 102°13'07'', 304 m; P. Jäger & J. Altmann leg. 05. III.2006; 1 ♀ ( SB 1036 ), SMF . Ban Pak Bak (at Nam Khan river), Houay Kho , N 19°44'09.1'', E 102°16'37.5'', 328 m, forest along stream; P. Jäger leg. by night 23. III.2007; 1 ♀ ( SB 61 ), SMF . Ban Nong Di (at Nam Khan river ), N 19°41'03.5'', E 102°21'31.2'', 280 m, forest along stream, between stones; P. Jäger leg. by night 21. III.2007; 1 ♂ ( SB 67 ), 2 ♀♀ ( SB 68–69 ), SMF . Vientiane Province: Ban Phoxay (near Vang Vieng ), N 19°00'44'', E 102°26'46'', 260 m, in tunnel underneath the road; P. Jäger, M. Sandner & F. Steinmetz leg. 14. III.2007; 3 ♀♀ ( SB 76 , 91–92 ), SMF , except SB92 ( MHNG). Same data as above, but: P. Jäger leg. 14.III.2008; 1 ♀ ( SB 20 ), SMF . Same data as above, but: P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 12.XI.2009; 1 ♀ ( SB 424 ), 1 s.a. ♀ ( SB 362 ), 3 juvs ( SB 332 , 361 , 363 ), SMF . Ban Don Makhay (near Vientiane), N 18°05'04'', E 102°40'15'', ca. 180 m, secondary forest; P. Jäger leg. by night 01. IV.2011; 2 ♂♂ ( SB 997 , 1001 ), 2 ♀♀ ( SB 998 , 1002 ), 1 s.a. ♀ ( SB 1003 ), SMF , 1 ♂ ( SB 999 ), 1 ♀ ( SB 1000 ), CJW . Bolikhamsay Province: Nam Kading National Protected Area, Tad Vang Fong training centre, N 18°20'28.8'', E 104°08'37.5'', 150 m, disturbed secondary forest, in hole of a tree trunk; P. Jäger & L. Nophasead leg. 23. III.2011; 1 ♀ ( SB 986 ), SMF . Lak Sao , N 18°13'38'', E 104°44'47'', ca. 530 m, between rocks, near cave entrance; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 09.XI.2009; 1 s.a. ♀ ( SB 375 ), SMF . Lak Sao , N 18°13'09.4'', E 104°56'36.9'', 556 m, rock wall; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. by night 08.XI.2009; 1 s.a. ♀ ( SB 371 ), 1 s.a. ♂ ( SB 342 ), SMF . Houay Khiao (W of Lak Sao), N 18°12'47.8'', E 104°49'51.5'', 500 m, paddy fields, between stones; P. Jäger & J. Martens leg. 04. III.2010; 2 ♀♀ ( SB 516–517 ), SMF .

Revised diagnosis (see also diagnosis for himalayanus -group above). Males: Embolus base (EB) with particular flat, elongated, distally curved extension (distally means here the section directed to the proximal margin of T [tegulum]). T clearly broader than palpal tibia ( Fig. 43b ). Females similar to P. demiror sp. nov. in the shape of anterior part of epigyne, actually the anterior (distal) margins of lateral lobes (LL). These strongly sclerotised, semicircular and extending anterio-laterally ( Fig. 44a , 45a , 47a , 88l–m ). Distinguished by the distal endings of margins of LL pointing posteriorly and by the two distinctly developed longitudinal edges below copulatory openings (CO) ( Figs 44a , 45a , 88m ). Vulva similar to P.demiror sp. nov. Distinguished by the larger (in relation to copulatory duct) and differently shaped spermatheca ( Fig. 44b , 45b ).

Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those of other specimens given as ranges in parentheses): Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 6.2 (5.7–8.4), carapace width 4.7 (4.1–6.1), anterior width of carapace 2.6 (2.2–3.2), opisthosoma length 8.8 (7.5–11.6), opisthosoma width 3.8 (2.8–4.0). Eyes: AME 0.32 (0.27–0.39), ALE 0.40 (0.35–0.44), PME 0.43 (0.37–0.47), PLE 0.42 (0.36–0.45), AME–AME 0.19 (0.17–0.20), AME–ALE 0.09 (0.04–0.09), PME–PME 0.22 (0.22–0.29), PME–PLE 0.30 (0.30–0.35), AME–PME 0.57 (0.49–0.58), ALE–PLE 0.43 (0.34–0.48), clypeus height at AME 0.77 (0.63–0.94), clypeus height at ALE 0.72 (0.58–0.92).

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp 8.3 (7.2–10.0) [3.0 (2.8–3.6), 1.5 (1.2–1.7), 1.3 (1.2–1.7), 2.5 (2.0–3.0)], I 51.7 (46.0–66.8) [13.4 (11.5–17.2), 3.1 (2.6–4.1), 14.5 (13.0–19.0), 14.4 (12.8–18.9), 6.3 (5.8–7.6)], II 39.6 (35.5–51.6) [10.9 (9.7–14.0), 2.8 (2.2–3.5), 10.5 (9.4–14.0), 10.5 (9.4–14.4), 4.9 (4.7–5.7)], III 26.9 (24.0–35.5) [7.6 (7.0–10.4), 2.0 (1.8–2.6), 6.7 (5.7–8.8), 7.0 (6.2–9.4), 3.6 (3.3–4.3)], IV 42.1 (36.6–53.6) [11.2 (9.8–14.6), 2.4 (2.1–3.1), 10.5 (9.0–14.0), 12.2 (10.7–15.3), 5.8 (5.2–6.6)].

Spination. Palp: 131 (131), 110 (110), 1101 (1101); legs: femur I 566 (566), II 556 (566,567,667) III 555 (545), IV 554 (654); patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038 (3038), III 3135{3034} (3136,3035), IV 3036 (3036,3037); metatarsus I–III 3035 (3035), IV 3036{3035} (3036,3035).

Palpal femur without modification, broadest distally ( Fig. 43d ).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for himalayanus -group). Conductor (C) and embolus (E) long, slightly S-shaped. T appears partly divided subdistally due to a curved ridge ( Fig. 43b ) and protruding quite distinctly out of cymbium alveolus ( Figs 43a,c ). Palpal tibia in lateral view medium sized ( Fig. 43c ). Cymbium dorsally with moderate dense scopula, covering 1/3 of cymbium ( Fig. 83b ).

Female:

Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 6.6–9.8, carapace width 4.4–7.3, anterior width of carapace 2.7–4.1, opisthosoma length 10.9–14.4, opisthosoma width 4.6–6.9. Eyes: AME 0.34–0.39, ALE 0.42–0.47, PME 0.42–0.48, PLE 0.42–0.47, AME–AME 0.21–0.32, AME–ALE 0.03–0.10, PME–PME 0.27–0.42, PME–PLE 0.37–0.53, AME–PME 0.58–0.83, ALE–PLE 0.42–0.67, clypeus height at AME 1.03–1.53, clypeus height at ALE 1.00–1.32.

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.2–11.4 [2.5–3.9, 1.0–1.7, 1.3–2.1, 2.4–3.7]; Legs: I 33.8–54.4 [9.0–14.9, 2.6–4.1, 9.3–15.2, 8.6–14.0, 4.3–6.2], II 29.9–44.1 [8.3–12.5, 2.4–3.8, 8.1–11.8, 7.4–11.0, 3.7–5.0], III 21.2–32.2 [6.2–9.8, 1.9–3.0, 5.2–7.7, 5.2–7.9, 2.7–3.8], IV 29.9–46.3 [8.4–13.3, 2.1–3.3, 7.8–12.1, 7.8–11.9, 3.8–5.7]. Thus, legs in females, in relation to other Psechrus species , short: FEM-I+MTT-I/CL: 2.6–2.9.

Palpal claw with 13–16 teeth.

Spination. Palp: 131, 110, 1101, 1014; legs: femur I 566, II 566 (556,555), III–IV 555; patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 3036 (3035,3034), IV 3036; metatarsus I–III 3035, IV 3035 (3036).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of himalayanus -group). Median septum almost as long as broad ( Fig. 44a ). Slit sense organs and epigynal muscle sigilla outside epigynal field.

Primordial copulatory organ. Pre-epigyne: Pre-septum broader than long, with distal margins of pre-LL pointing posteriorly ( Fig. 44e ). Fine, transversal edges below pre-CO recognisable ( Fig. 44e ).

Pre-vulva: Pre-vulva similar to P. marsyandi . Distinguished by the longer pre-CD and the smaller pre-SH (in relation to pre-receptaculum) ( Fig. 44d ).

Colouration of male and female (see also description for himalayanus -group and Psechrus ). Median bands on carapace serrated. Rarely with narrow, dark extensions connecting them with the lateral bands. Lateral bands narrow to medium sized (ca. 1–1.2 diameter of PME) and serrated. Light longitudinal line ventrally on opisthosoma may be continuous, broken subdistally or constricted subdistally and medium- sized. If measured centrally on opisthosoma, its width is less than the width of one half of the cribellum (ca. 0.5–0.7 of one half of the cribellum).

Variation of copulatory organs. Males: Without significant variation. Females: Anterio-lateral curves of distal margins of LL may be larger and extending further laterally ( Fig. 45a , 88m ). Main sections of margins of LL may be approximately straight (not illustrated). Vulva with less variation: Position and length of SH may differ slightly ( Figs 44b , 45b , 91m ) and margins of initial parts of CD may be less clearly visible ( Fig. 45b ). Transition zone between CD and spermatheca may differ in shape ( Figs 44b , 45b , 91m ).

Distribution. Laos ( Fig. 98 ).

Figures

FIGURES 43a–d. Psechrus luangprabang. a–c ♂ holotype SB 1030 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. d ♂ SB 402 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. a–c ♂ palp (a prolateral, b ventral, c retrolateral view). d ♂ left palpal femur, retrolateral view.

FIGURES 44a–e. Psechrus luangprabang, from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov., ♀ adult and primordial copulatory organ. a–c ♀ paratype SB 1034. d–e s.a. ♀ SB 346. a Epigyne, ventral view. b Vulva, dorsal view. c Schematic course of internal duct system. d Pre-vulva, dorsal view. e Pre-epigyne, ventral view.

FIGURES 45a–e. Psechrus luangprabang, ♀ adult and primordial copulatory organ. a–b ♀ SB 508 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. c–d s.a. ♀ SB 56 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. e s.a. ♀ SB 362 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. a Epigyne, ventral view. b Vulva, dorsal view. c, e Pre-epigyne, ventral view. d Pre-vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURES 47a–c. Psechrus demiror sp. nov., ♀ holotype SB 331 from “Indochina”. a Epigyne, ventral view. b Vulva, dorsal view. c Schematic course of internal duct system.

FIGURES 81a–j. Psechrus spp., photos of dorsal habitus (a–d) and ventral view of opisthosoma (e–j). a P. ancoralis. b P. hartmanni sp. nov. c P. sp. out of mulu-group. d P. luangprabang. e P. singaporensis. f P. annulatus. g P. jaegeri sp. nov. h P. marsyandi. i P. kunmingensis. j P. tauricornis sp. nov. a ♀ SB 75 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ holotype SB 1007 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. c ♂ from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak Prov. d ♀ SB 508 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. e s.a. ♀ SB 559 from Indonesia, Sumatera Utara Prov. f ♀ paralectotype SB 830 from Indonesia, Jawa Barat Prov. g ♀ holotype SB 530 from Laos, Champasak Prov. h s.a. ♀ SB 748 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. i ♀ SB 953 from China, Yunnan Prov. j ♀ SB 633 from Sri Lanka. Photos 81a by Helmut Steiner, Hanau, 81c by Peter Koomen, Leeuwarden (copyright owner).

FIGURES 83a–g. Psechrus spp., photos of left (b–g) and right (a) ♂ palp, prolateral view. a P. ancoralis. b P. luangprabang. c P. jaegeri sp. nov. d P.elachys sp. nov. e P. kinabalu. f P. hartmanni sp. nov. g P. crepido sp. nov. a ♂ paratype SB 24 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. b ♂ holotype SB 1030 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. c ♂ paratype SB 302 from Laos, Champasak Prov. d ♂ paratype SB 862 from Thailand, Satun Prov. e ♂ holotype SB 237 from Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah Prov. f ♂ SB 624 from Sri Lanka. g ♂ holotype SB 644 from India, Tamil Nadu Prov. Remark: cymbium dorsally with moderate dense- (a–b), very dense-scopula (d–g) or without any scopula (c).

FIGURES 85a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of left ♂ palp, ventral view (a, c–o) and retrolatero-ventral view (b). a P. ancoralis. b P.rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. himalayanus. h P. marsyandi. i P. inflatus sp. nov. j P. ghecuanus. k P.pakawini sp. nov. l P. luangprabang. m P.demiror sp. nov.? n P. jaegeri sp. nov. o P.vivax sp. nov. a ♂ SB 321 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♂ SB 122 from Vietnam, Lang Son Prov. c ♂ holotype SB 367 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♂ paratype SB 7 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♂ SB 381 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♂ paratype SB 64 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♂ SB 17 from Nepal, Rapti Prov. h ♂ holotype SB 79 from Nepal, Gandaki Prov. i ♂ holotype SB 952 from China, Yunnan Prov. j ♂ SB 36 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. k ♂ paratype SB 142 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. l ♂ SB 459 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. m ♂ SB 329 from “Indochina”. n ♂ paratype SB 302 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♂ holotype SB 367 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURES 88a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of epigyne, ventral view. a P. ancoralis. b P.rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. inflatus sp. nov. h P. himalayanus. i P. marsyandi. j P. pakawini sp. nov. k P. ghecuanus. l P. demiror sp. nov. m P. luangprabang. n P.jaegeri sp. nov. o P. vivax sp. nov. a ♀ SB 324 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ SB 818 from China, Hongkong. c ♀ paratype SB 372 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♀ SB 294 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♀ SB 382 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 65 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♀ paratype SB 961 from China, Yunnan Prov. h ♀ SB 607 from Bhutan, Timphu Prov. i ♀ paratype SB 227 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. j ♀ paratype SB 213 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. k ♀ SB 39 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. l ♀ holotype SB 331 from “Indochina”. m ♀ SB 424 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 300 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♀ paratype SB 366 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURES 91a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of vulva, dorsal view. a P. ancoralis. b P. rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. inflatus sp. nov. h P. himalayanus. i P. marsyandi. j P. pakawini sp. nov. k P. ghecuanus. l P. demiror sp. nov. m P. luangprabang. n P.jaegeri sp. nov. o P. vivax sp. nov. a ♀ SB 324 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ SB 818 from China, Hongkong. c ♀ paratype SB 374 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♀ SB 294 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♀ SB 382 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 65 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♀ paratype SB 951 from China, Yunnan Prov. h ♀ SB 988 from India, Uttarakhand Prov. i ♀ paratype SB 227 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. j ♀ paratype SB 214 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. k ♀ SB 39 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. l ♀ holotype SB 331 from “Indochina”. m ♀ SB 424 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 300 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♀ paratype SB 366 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURES 93a–b. Psechrus spp., photos of mating behaviour (a) and female carrying egg sac (b). a ♀ (above) and ♂ (below) P. luangprabang from Laos, Vientiane Prov. b ♀ P. senoculatus from China, Sichuan Prov. Photos by Peter Jäger, Frankfurt am Main.

FIGURE 98. Distribution of Psechrus in continental South East Asia. Symbols (unicoloured): species belonging to the himalayanus-group. Symbols (black, filled with light colour): species belonging to the ancoralis-group. Distribution of Psechrus in northern Vietnam, see Fig. 96. The distribution of P. demiror sp. nov. is unclear (see corresponding species description), hence the violet, unicoloured trapezes are depicted with question mark each.