Palaemnema Selys, 1860
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4628.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4C2F52F-9A1A-4C55-B03B-C87B2B4C4676 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5921445 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D076D419-B570-FFB0-FF23-F0B42466F897 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Palaemnema Selys, 1860 |
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Palaemnema Selys, 1860 View in CoL
Forty-three species have been described in this strictly New World genus, with six known for Ecuador. However, the genus is in need of revision, and there are potentially undescribed species in Ecuador. The few references by which some species identifications can be made are Calvert (1931) and Kennedy (1938a, 1942a). Adults are mediumsized, mostly dark with small blue stripes and spots on the thorax; the abdomen varies from nearly all black to blue on the apical segments ( Figs. 54a & 54b View FIGURE 54 ). Little work has been done on the biology of this genus, though all species have been found in the vicinity of small shaded streams and seepage areas.
Palaemnema abbreviata Kennedy, 1938 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984). Tsuda (1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: *Kennedy (1938a—Holotype & Allotype: Río Jatun Yacu, “Prov. Oriente” [UMMZ]); Garrison et al. (2003), PA: * Kennedy (1938a), TU: *Kennedy, (1938a).
Addl. Data. MS, Huamboya: 9 ♂♂, 1 ♀, stream, 10 km S. of Comunidad Chuwitayo (-1.9500, -77. 8583, 800 m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 2 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. TWD, det. KJT [KJT]; 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 10 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT, RWG]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 10 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; NA, Tena: 1 ♂, [Puerto Napo] [upstream near jct with Río Mulatos] Jatun Yacu Río Napo watershed (-1.05, -77.98, 700m), iii 1937, leg. W. Clark-Macintyre, det. CHK [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Puerto Ahuano, Misicocha (389m), 16 xi 2010, leg. & det. ACRP (pers. comm. ACRP); OR: Francisco de Orellana: 2 ♂♂, across Río Napo from La Selva, streams in hill forest, 13 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; Loreto: 2 ♂♂, small streams and forest trails, 12 km E of Loreto, 2+ km S of Hwy. 45 (-0.6217, -77.2600, 365m), 12 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, same data but 15 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ. [JTJ]; PA, Pastaza: 1 ♂, Río Sandalias, 5 km S of Puyo (-1.5003, -77.9522, 1000m), 11 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, stream 2 km S. of Comunidad Chuwitayo GoogleMaps road between Macas and Puyo (-1.9000, -77.8033, 800m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Cuasha just N of Río Pastaza bridge (90.5 km N of Sucua), small forested stream (-1.88, -77.80, 915m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; SU, Shushufindi GoogleMaps : 1 ♂, small forest stream, about 4 or 5 km WNW of Shushufindi (-0.1692, -76.6889, 270m), 14 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [RWG].
Note: Ecuador endemic.
Palaemnema brucelli Kennedy, 1938 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: *Kennedy (1938a—Holotype: “Oriente: Río Anzu” [UMMZ]), Bridges (1993), Garrison et al. (2003), PA: * Kennedy (1938a), TU: * Kennedy (1938a, Allotype- UMMZ]. Also COL: Palacino et al. (2017).
Addl: Data. NA, Archidona: 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Río Chontayacu, new Coca Road, 5 km E of junction with Baeza- Tena Road, 11 xi 1990, leg. OSF, det. SWD [SWD, USNM]; 2 ♂♂, Puerto Ahuano, Misicocha (389m), 16 xi 2010, leg. & det. ACRP (pers. comm., ACRP); Carlos Julio Arsemena Tola: 1 ♀, Ila S at Hacienda Ila Río Anzu (-1.12, -77.50, 700m), 18 xii 1936, leg. WCM, det. CHK [FSCA]; PA, Mera: 1 ♀, [Mera] W at Abitagua Río Pastaza (- 1.45, -78.15, 1100m), 29 x 1936, leg. W. Clark-Macintyre, det. CHK [FSCA].
Palaemnema clementia (Selys, 1886) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (H08), (P11), (H14); GY: * Kennedy (1938a), NA: * Kennedy (1938a). Also COL, PER, VEN: (H08), (P11); plus BOL.
Addl. Data. BO, Caluma: 3 ♂♂, rocky stream 5 km E of Caluma, Guaranda Road (-1.5942, -79.2308, 480m), 5 iii 2010, leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 5 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; LR, Buena Fé: 1 ♂, [Consumulo] S Río Palenque (-0.58, -79.35, 175m), 13 vi 1974, leg. J. Longino, det. GHB [FSCA]; MN, Pedernales: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Río Nalpe, about 3 km E of El Achote (0.0547, -79.9739, 130m), 28 ii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; Portoviejo: 1 ♂, small rocky stream E of Portoviejo, Hwy. E40 (-1.0750, -80.1764, 220m), 4 iii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; NA, Tena: 4 ♂♂, Puerto Ahuano, Ahuano (362m), 16 xi 2010, leg. & det. ACRP (pers. comm., ACRP); SD: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, near Recinto Baba Otongo GoogleMaps , about 10 km SE of Santo Domingo de los Colorados (-0.3650, -79.2072), 24 ii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA].
Palaemnema lorena Kennedy, 1942 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); SD: Kennedy (1942a—Holotype & Allotype, plus Paratype ♀: as “ Pichincha ”, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, ca 15 km east, “Hacienda La Lorena ” (-0.3097, -79.0389, 700m), 21 ii 1941, leg. David Laddey, det. CHK, checked and data provided by RWG [UMMZ]), Bridges (1993), Garrison et al. (2003).
Addl. Data. ES, Quininde: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Río Canande Reserve, 35 km NE of Quininde, tributary of Río Hoja Blanca, swampy trickle in forest, (0.5264, -79.2122, 345m), date not provided, data provided by WAH & DLW.
Palaemnema melanocauda Kennedy, 1942 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14). SD: *Kennedy (1942a—Holotype ♀: as “ PC ”, Santo Domingo de los Colorados (500m), 4 i 1941, leg. D. Laddey [UMMZ]), Bridges (1993), Garrison et al. (2003).
Note: No other data available; Ecuador endemic.
Palaemnema picicaudata Kennedy, 1938 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: *Kennedy (1938a—Holotype ♂: [Tena:], near Napo (-1.0500, -77.7833, 400m), 24 ii 1934, leg. WCM, det. CHK, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; Allotype ♀: Río Jatun Yacu near Hacienda Ila (-1.2000, -77.8333, 700m), 24 xii 1936, leg. WCM, det. CHK, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]), Bridges (1993), Tennessen (1996b), Garrison et al. (2003). Also COL: Bota-Sierra et al. (2018).
Addl. Data. MS, Limón Indanza: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, stream/waterfall 25.3 km N of Indanza (-2.9217, -78.4031, 1110m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; NA, Archidona: 1 ♂, stream 47.4 km W of Loreto (-0.7422, -77.5489, 1100m), 14 vi 1995, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 2 ♀♀, Guamani, about 5 km W on Rt E20, small stream, (-0.7161, -77.6645), 25 x 2013, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; Tena: 1 ♀, [Puerto Napo, upstream near jct with Río Mulatos], Jatun Yacu Río Napo watershed (-1.05, -77.98, 700m), iii 1937, leg. WCM, det. CHK [FSCA]; Paratype series: Río Jatun Yacu, upper Ilapulin GoogleMaps near small streams (-1.0167, -77.8333, 700m), iii 1937, leg. WCM, det. CHK, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 2 ♂♂, J.S. B.S., rego comedor (-1.0665, -77.6165, 430m), 6 xi 2014, leg. & det. ACRP [ACRP]; OR, Loreto: 1 ♂, Concepcion, Río GoogleMaps Napo (-1.6667, -77.4167, 400m), 28 xii 1939, leg. WCM, det. CHK [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, stream 8.5 km N of Loreto (-0.6183, -77.2950, 400m), 14 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; PA, Santa Clara: Paratype series: El Partidero, Río GoogleMaps Napo watershed (-1.2833, -77.9000, 800m), 9 xi 1935, leg. WCM, det. CHK, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, small stream, 2 km S of Comunidad Chuwitayo (-1.9000, -77.8033, 800m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Río Sandalias, 5 km S of Puyo GoogleMaps (-1.5003, -77.8653, 1000m), 11 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♂, La Selva Lodge GoogleMaps , forest (-0.4983, -76.3733, 200m), 23 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [KJT].
Palaemnema unresolved: There are several specimens that have not been determined and may represent undescribed species, all labeled as sp.: MS, Huamboya: 4 ♂♂, small stream, near Río Pasanac, 80 km N of Sucua, 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; OR, Loreto: 1 ♀, small streams and forest trails 12 km E of Loreto, 2+ km S of Hwy. GoogleMaps 45 (-0.6217, -77.2600, 365m), 15 x 2009, leg. and det. JTJ [JTJ]; PA, Mera: 3 ♂♂, Río Metolo /trails, Los Copales GoogleMaps , between Mera and Shell (-2.4917, -78.0719, 1070m), 7 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; SD: 1 ♂, pond/small stream, Hwy. 30, near km marker 72, near La Unión del Toachi GoogleMaps (-0.3133, -78.9472, 900m), 26 ii 2010, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♀, same data but Hwy. GoogleMaps 30, near km marker 61, E of La Unión del Toachi (-0.3336, -78.8700, 1210m), 25 ii 2010, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, trails, small streams 3 km W of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy. GoogleMaps 26 at km marker 17 (-0.1664, -76.6917, 290m), 14 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ (JTJ); 2 ♂♂, same but, 13 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]. Also Haber (2014) lists Palaemnema sp. “A”, “B”, ‘C’, and “D” of which three appear to be undescribed.
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