Polythore Calvert, 1917

Mauffray, William F. & Tennessen, Kenneth J., 2019, A Catalogue and Historical Study of the Odonata of Ecuador, Zootaxa 4628 (1), pp. 1-265 : 107-112

Polythore Calvert, 1917

Mostly large damselflies with patterned wings ( Figs. 58a & 58b ), sometimes with only narrow black band at the tip. Twenty species have been described, of which 11 occur in Ecuador; two undescribed species in Ecuador are known. Species identification was provided by Bick & Bick (1985, 1986). Polythore inhabit small streams to seepage runs in forested areas, from the lowlands to high elevations. Females lay eggs in dead fallen branches above the flowing water.

Polythore aurora ( Selys, 1879) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (L05), Paulson (1983), Heckman (2008), (P11), (H14); NA: * Selys (1879 —type series: (originally 4 adults) 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, [now designated as lectotype and paralectotypes, Rojas-Riano (2011a)] “Río Napo ” [Tena], Río Napo (-1, -78), date?, leg.?, from McLachlan, data provided by RWG, [BMNH]), Kirby (1890), Schmidt (1942), Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993). Also PER: (P11); plus BRA: (L05), (H08).

Addl. Data. Rojas-Riano (2011a) discusses the confusion of the designated types of this species. There are no other records of this species from Ecuador despite many field trips to the Río Napo area near Tena. There is a possibility of mislabeling, but we retain it on the list for now.

Polythore concinna (McLachlan, 1881) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Fraser (1946a), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14). MS: Bick & Bick (1986); Napo: Bick & Bick (1986) Tennessen (1996b), Daigle (1996); PA: *McLachlan (1881—as T. concinna , Type series, 15 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀: “Río Bobonaza”—[Pastaza], Río Bobonaza, (-1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), [BMNH, IRSNB]), Kimmins (1970 —designated Lectotype [BMNH]), Montgomery (1967), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993); Tennessen (2006); Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated five paralectotypes [BMNH]); PC: Bick & Bick (1986); TU: Bick & Bick (1986). Also COL: (H08), (P11); plus PER: Rojas-Riano (2011a).

Addl Data. MS, Huamboya: [FSCA, KJT, SWD]; Morona: [FSCA]; NA, Archidona: [DRP, FAL, FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG, SWD, USNM]; Carlos Julio Arsemena Tola: [FSCA, RWG]; Tena: [DRP, FSCA, RWG]; OR: Francisco de Orellana: (Steve Rovell photo); Loreto: [FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG, SWD, TWD, USNM]; PA, Mera: [FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG]; Pastaza: [FSCA, UTIC, KJT, RWG, TWD, USNM]; Santa Clara: [KJT, RWG]; PC, Quito: [FSCA, RWG]; SU, Shushufindi: [FSCA, KJT]; TU, Baños: [FSCA, RWG].

Note: Polythore concinna was common at a number of the locations and usually outnumbered other members of the genus.

Polythore derivata (McLachlan, 1881) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Tennessen (1996b), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); PA: *Mclachlan (1881a—as T. derivata type series, 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: “Río bobonaza” [Pastaza], Río Bobonaza (-1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), [BMNH]), Ris (1918), Schmidt (1942), Fraser (1946a—as P. picta derivata ), Montgomery (1967), Kimmins (1970 —designated Lectotype [BMNH]), Bick & Bick (1985), Bridges (1993); Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated 2 Paralectotype ♂♂ s [IRSNB]); MS: Bick & Bick (1985); Napo: Bick & Bick (1985); OR: Daigle (1996), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011); PC: Bick & Bick (1985); SU: Bick & Bick (1985); TU: Bick & Bick (1985). Also COL, PER: (H08), (P11); Plus BOL: (H08).

Addl. Data. MS, Huamboya: [FSCA, KJT, RWG, TWD, USNM]; Limón Indanza: [JJD, KJT]; Taisha: [RWG]; NA, Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola: [FSCA]; Tena: [DRP, FSCA]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: [FSCA, UTIC, KJT, RWG, SWD]; Loreto: [JTJ, KJT, RWG, SWD]; PA, Mera: [FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG]; Pastaza: [FSCA, KJT, TWD, USNM]; Santa Clara: [RWG]; SU, Cascales: [KJT]; Gonzalo Pizarro: [FSCA, QZAC]; Lago Agrio: [RWG, SWD]; Shushufindi: [DRP, FAL, FSCA, RWG, SWD, USNM]; TU, Baños: [FSCA]; ZC:Zamora: (C. Willigalla).

Polythore gigantea (Selys, 1853) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Hagen (1877), McLachlan (1878), Ris (1918), Campos (1922 —por Dr. Martin, all as Thore gigantea ), Montgomery (1967), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), Altamiranda-Saavedra et al. (2014), (H14); BO: Bick & Bick (1985), Roja-Riano (2011a); CB: * Selys (1873a); CT: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); IM: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); LR: Bick & Bick (1985); PC: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); SD: Bick & Bick (1985, 1986); TU: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Also COL, PER: (H08), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a). Note: Not reported from Ecuador in Rojas-Riano (2011a).

Addl. Data. BO, San Miguel: [FSCA, RWG]; CT, Latacunga: [RWG]; Pangua: [USNM]; Pujili: [RWG]; Sigchos: [FSCA]; IM, Ibarra: [FSCA, RWG]; LR, Quevedo: [USNM]; NA, Tena: [FSCA]; PC, Quito: [ACRP]; Mejía: DRP. RWG]; San Miguel Bancos: [SWD]; SD: [DRP, FSCA, KJT, JTJ, RWG, SWD, USNM, USFQ]; TU, Baños: [FSCA, QZAC].

Note: Primarily a high elevation species found also in the central valley, but most records are from the upper west slope.

Polythore mutata (McLachlan, 1881) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: Bick & Bick (1986); OR: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011); PA: *McLachlan (1881—as Thore mutata , type locality: “Río Bobonaza” [BMNH]), Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967), Kimmins (1970 —designated lectotype), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993), Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated 7 paralectotypes IRSNB]); SU: Bick & Bick (1986), Donnelly (1998). Also COL: (H08), (P11); plus PER: (P11).

Addl. Data. NA, Carlos Julio Arsemena Tola: 1 ♂, Río Anzu (-1.2000, -77.8333, 700m), viii 1934, leg. WCM, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; Tena : 1 ♂, [ Puerto Napo], Río Napo (-1.04, -77.78, 436m), date?, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, J. S.B. S., 23 km E Puerto Napo, tropical wet forest, streams above flood plain (450m), leg. A. Jaramillo, det. DRP [DRP]; same data but 9–13 vi 1994, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 3–11 xi 1994 [DRP]; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but 17 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [FAL, FSCA, JJD, SWD]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, streams in hill forest S of Napo River from La Selva, 13 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 2 ♂♂, P.N.Y., Yasuni Biological Research Sta. along trails and roads within 5 km of Res. Sta. (-0.6719, -76.3992, 244m), 28–31 viii 2000, leg.?, det. JJD [FSCA]; same but 1 ♂, 4 x 1998, leg. L. N. Harris, det. WFM [FSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Chorongo trail (-0.6378, -76.1486, 224m), 11 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Chorongo trail at marker 225 (-0.6350, -76.1503, 220m), 16–18 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [RWG, USFQ]; 5 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Matapalo trail at marker 450 (-0.6369, -76.1458, 245m), 14–15 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, blackwater stream crossing Guacamayo trail at marker 2050 (-0.6383, -76.1492, 220m), 17 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE]; 3 ♀♀, T. B.S., USFQ, along Guacamayo trail at marker 1700 (- 0.6350, -76.1533, 237m), 17 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, USFQ]; 2 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, Parahuaco trail between markers 300–1300 (-0.6397, -76.1453, 229m), 21 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [USFQ]; 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, along Chichico trail (-0.6300, -76.1525, 250m), 12 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE, [USFQ]; Loreto: 1 ♀, Loreto, N at pond outlet (-0.8203, -77.3185), 2 xi 2013, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; SU, Lago Agrio: Santa Cecilia, Río Francisco de Orellana (0.0850, -76.9925), 25–31 iii 1969, leg. P & P Spangler, det.? [USNM]; Cascales: 1 ♂, 37 km W of Lago Agrio , river, 20 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; Shushufindi : 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Limoncocha (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 24–26 vii 1977, leg. & det. D. Paulson [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but, river and stream, 23 viii 1978, leg. & det. KWK [RWG]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but Río Napo, 12 xi 1974, leg. B. Drummond III, det.? [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 20 v 1976, leg. E. Rogers, det.? [FSCA]; 46 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 3–28 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Shushufindi , stream about 2 km W, 12 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, trails, small streams 3 km W of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy. 26 at km marker 17 (-0.1664, -76.6917, 290m), 14 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but 13 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, same data but 14 x 2009 [JTJ]; 1 ♂, [Limoncocha] E, N of La Selva Lodge, Lago Mandicocha & outlet stream “coca” [about 100 km E on Río Napo] (-0.4983, -76.3733, 200m), 12 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [FSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but, forest, 22–25 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD].

Polythore neopicta Bick & Bick, 1990 . Publ. Recs. ECU: (H08), (P11), (H14); MS: * Tennessen (2006). Also PER: (H08), (P11).

Addl. Data. GY, Guayaquil: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Guayaquil (-2.20, -79.90, 8m), ii 1921, leg. F. W. Goding, det. GHB, checked by KJT (doubtful locality data) [FSCA]; MS, Huamboya: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Río Pasanac waterfall, 57 km N of Macas, Hwy. 45 (-1.9532, -77.8519), 16 ix 2005, leg. & det. JJD [JJD, KJT]; 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, small stream about 1 km S of Río Pasanac, Hwy. 45 (-1.9500, -77.8583, 800m), 16 ix 2005, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, Macas , 58 km N on Hwy. 45 [70 km N of Sucua], roadside ditch and tribs near Río Pasanac (-1.9447, -77.8536, 762m), 9 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [LSAM]; Limón Indanza : 2 ♂♂, waterfall 25.3 km N of Indanza, Hwy. 45, 7 xi 1997, leg. & det. JJD [JJD, KJT]; Santiago: 1 ♂, Yuganza [just S of Yuganza], 25.3 km N of Plan de Milagro Jct [trib to Río Yuanza], small stream with mossy rocks (-2.8683, -78.3739, 680m), 7 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; OR, Loreto: Loreto, 1 ♀, 8.5 km E on road to Coca Road , rocky gravel stream (-0.6183, -77.2950, 400m), 18 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA].

Polythore ornata ( Selys, 1879) . Publ. Recs. BOL, PER: Heckman (2008), Paulson (2011).

Addl. Data. MS, Morona: 1 ♀, Giulca, Río Upano, 1400m, no date, leg. L. Alonzo, det. RWG from C.H. Ken- nedy – UMMZ [RWG]; 1 ♀, Macas , 15 km W on Macas-Guamote Road, small stream and roadside seepage pools (-2.2731, -78.1939, 1067m), 17 ix 05, leg. WFM, det. JJD, checked by WFM [FSCA].

Polythore procera ( Selys, 1869) . Publ. Recs. ECU: *Selys (1873a—as Thore picta var aequatorialis , Holotype of T. aequatorialis : “ Equador ”, from McLachlan [BMNH]), Hagen (1875—as T. aequatorialis ), McLachlan (1878 — as T. procera ), Kirby (1890 —as T. aequatorialis ), Campos (1922 —as T. aequatorialis ), Fraser (1946a—as P. picta ), Ris (1918 —as T. aequatorialis ), Kimmins (1970 —as T. picta var aequatorialis ), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (L05), Paulson (1983), Bridges (1993), (H08), (P11), (H14); BO: Bick & Bick (1985); CB: Selys (1873a—as T. gigantea race procera ), Bick & Bick (1985); MS: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (2006); Rojas-Riano (2011a); NA: Bick & Bick (1985), Daigle (1996); PA: McLachlan (1881), Bick & Bick (1985), Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); PC: Selys (1873a—as T. gigantean race procera ), Bick & Bick (1985); SU: Bick & Bick (1985); TU: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); ZC: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen & Johnson (2008). Also BRA, COL: (L05), (H08), (P11).

Addl. Data. CB, Camada: [FSCA, RWG]; EO, Piñas: [JTJ]; LJ, Loja: [UTIC]; MS, Morona: [FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG]; NA, Archidona: [FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG]; El Chaco: [SWD]; Tena: [RWG]; PA, Mera: [FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG]; Pastaza: [KJT]; SD: [FSCA, JTJ, KJT]; SU, Gonzalo Pizarro: [DRP, FAL, QZAC, RWG]; TU, Baños: [FSCA, RWG, SWD]; ZC, Zamora: [FSCA, KJT, USNM].

Polythore terminata Fraser, 1946 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Tsuda (1991), De Marmels (1999), Daigle et al. (1996), (P11), (H14); MS: * Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (1998); NA: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (1998); ZC: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen & Johnson (2008). Also PER, VEN: (H08), (P11).

Addl. Data. MS, Limón Indanza: 2 ♂♂, stream, Hwy. 45, 25.3 km N of Indanza (-2.9217, -78.4031, 1110m), 7 vi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; Morona: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Macas , Río Upano (-2.3167, -78.1167, 1050m), i 1939, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mangosisa , Río Upano (-2.5244, -77.8947, 850m), xi 1945, leg. L Alonzo, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data but [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Macas , Río Upano (-2.30, -78.10, 1050m), date?, leg. L. Alonzo, det. GHB [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Macas 15.7 km W on Macas-Guamote Road, small stream (-2.2689, -78.1936, 1463m), 17 ix 2005, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA, LSAM, QZAC]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; Santiago: 2 ♂♂, Chupianza (-2.6833, -78.3000, 1364m), ii 1939, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [AMNH]; Sucua: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sucua (-2.4667, -78.1667, 800m), ii 1939, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; NA, Archidona: 1 ♂, Archi- dona (-0.91, -77.81, 573m), date?, leg. R. Haensch, det. GHB [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Jondachi (-0.7167, -77.8000, 1000m), 15 xi 1976, leg. H. Real, det. GHB [RWG]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Archidona (-0.9167, -77.800, 604m), 13 x 1976 – 18 xii 1976, leg. H. Real, det. GHB [RWG]; 1 ♂, [Narupa] E on road to Loreto 43.5 km W of Loreto seep near large rocky river [Río Hollin] (-0.7022, -77.7189, 1036m), 15 vii 1996, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 14 xi 1997 [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; OR, Loreto : 2 ♂♂, rocky river seeps, 34.2 km W of Loreto on Loreto Road (-0.7417, -77.5517, 900m), 19 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; ZC, Zamora : 1 ♂, stream/waterfall, near entrance of Podocarpus Nat. Pk. , S of Zamora (-4.1053, -78.9639), 2 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, trails, Podocarpus Nat. Pk. (-4.1144, -78.9642, 1040m), 2 iv 2008, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♀, stream/waterfalls on trails, Podocarpus Nat. Pk. (-4.1217, -78.9728, 1070m), 2 iv 2008, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, stream 5 km N of Guaguayme Alto (-3.8778, -78.8928, 880m), 4 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Zamora (-4.0692, -78.9567, 1000m), 15 x 1941, leg. D. Laddey, det. Bick & Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, same data but 25 x 1941 [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but xi 1941 [FSCA]; 1 ♂, stream crossing road just before the village of Guadalupe (-3.9113, -78.8575), 20 viii 2006, leg. & det. JCA [UTIC]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, stream off road to village of Guadalupe, N of Zamora (-3.8758, -78.8923), 21 viii 2006, leg. & det. JCA [UTIC]; Nangaritza: 2 ♂♂, Cordillera de Condor , 20 km SE Paquisha, 21 ix 1990, leg. OSF, det. SWD [SWD, USNM].

Polythore victoria (McLachlan, 1869) . Publ. Recs. PI: Rojas-Riano (2011a); PA: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Also BOL, COL, PER: Rojas-Riano (2011a).

Note: Not much is known about the distribution or biology of this species. Specimen data is from the early 19th century.

Polythore vittata ( Selys, 1869) . Publ. Recs. ECU: * Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967 —as Thore vittata race aequatorialis ), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), Lencioni (2005), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a), (P14); MS: Bick & Bick (1986); PA: Bick & Bick (1986). Also BRA, PER: (L05), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a).

Addl. Data. EO, Piñas: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Moromoro (-3.72, -79.73, 1500m), 22 vii 1941, leg. D. Laddey, det. Bick & Bick1985 [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 14 vii 1941 [FSCA]; PA, Pastaza: Río Bobonaza (-1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), date?, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick 1985 [RWG].

Note: The status of vittata , picta and their relationship to procera are still uncertain. A specimen labeled “Macas via Riobamba” was listed by Bick & Bick (1986) as “ Chimborazo or Morona-Santiago.” We consider it to be MS.

Polythore unresolved: There are several specimens in various collections that have not been determined and may represent undescribed species: Polythore n. sp. (to be described by KJT: AZ, Santa Isabela: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, stream, 21 km E of Hwy. 25, road from Balao Jct.(-2.9400, -79.5625), 11 iv 2008, leg. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♀, same data but leg. JTJ [JTJ]; Polythore sp.: PA, Santa Clara: adult, 25 km N id Puyo, 11 xi 1988, leg. R. K. Robbins [USNM].

Figures

FIGURE 58a. Polythore derivata ♂. ECUADOR, Orellana Prov., small forest stream, N of Loreto, near Reserva Río Bigal, 16 v 2009, photo K. J. Tennessen.