Simulium (Gomphostilbia) loeiense Takaoka, Srisuka & Fukuda, 2020
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E805885-D335-4FB3-AE8D-FA443FAD82AE |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E183734D-DE58-48AA-BE1F-731ECC7B3861 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:E183734D-DE58-48AA-BE1F-731ECC7B3861 |
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scientific name |
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) loeiense Takaoka, Srisuka & Fukuda |
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sp. nov. |
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) loeiense Takaoka, Srisuka & Fukuda sp. nov. Figs 8 View Figure 8 , 25H View Figure 25
Material examined.
Holotype: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype: Simulium loeiense male, QSBG col. no. 43, Thailand, 6-IX-2018, by W. Srisuka", collected from a small stream (width 40 cm, depth 2 cm, bed sandy, slow flow, pH 5.8, 19.5 °C, partially shaded, elevation 1,525 m, 17°16'51.7"N, 101°31'02.5"E), at Khok Nok Kra Ba, Phu Luang, Phu Ruea District, Loei Province, Thailand, 6-IX-2018, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 43).
Paratypes: Five females, five males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and 15 mature larvae (two mature larvae for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype.
Diagnosis.
Female: mandible with several teeth on the outer margin. Male: small number of upper-eye facets in eleven vertical columns and 13 horizontal rows, presence of many hairs on subcosta and much widened hind basitarsus (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) 1.2-1.3 times as wide as the hind femur. Pupa: dorsal surface of abdominal segments 1 and 2 with several minute tubercles on each side. Larva: postgenal cleft 1.2-1.3 times as long as the postgenal bridge (Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ) and abdominal segments 1-5, 7 and 8 grey (Fig. 25H View Figure 25 ).
Description.
Female (N = 5). Body length 1.9-2.2 mm.
Head. Frontal ratio 1.9:1.0:2.7-2.9; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.7-4.8. Labrum 0.7 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1-1.2:2.6; sensory vesicle 0.26-0.32 times length of third palpal segment. Lacinia with 10-12 inner and 12-16 outer teeth. Mandible with 19-21 inner teeth and three to four outer teeth at some distance from tip.
Legs. Foreleg: trochanter yellow to dark yellow; femur light brown with apical cap medium brown (though extreme tip yellowish); tibia white except apical one-fourth brownish black; basitarsus moderately dilated, 6.1-6.7 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: trochanter dark yellow; femur light brown except base and extreme apical tip yellowish); tibia whitish on basal one-third, greyish on middle one-third and dark brown on apical one-third (though whitish on basal two-thirds on posterior surface); tarsus dark brown to brownish black except basal one-fourth to half yellow (its border not well defined). Hind leg: femur light to medium brown with base whitish yellow and apical cap dark brown (though extreme tip yellowish); tibia white to yellowish white on basal two-thirds or little less and brownish black on rest; tarsus brownish black except little more than basal two-thirds (though base light brown) and basal half of second tarsomere white; basitarsus 5.6-6.3 times as long as wide, and 0.7-0.8 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala nearly as long as width at base, and 0.53-0.57 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
Wing. Length 2.0-2.2 mm.
Abdomen. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except anterior four-fifths of segment 2 ochreous.
Terminalia. Sternite 8 with 21-26 medium-long to long hairs together with three or four slender short hairs on each side. Ovipositor valve moderately covered with microsetae interspersed with two to four short hairs. Genital fork (Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ) with inner margins of arms divergent apically. Paraproct with four to six sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view 0.6 times as long as wide, with 23-29 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view 0.5 times as long as wide. Spermatheca 1.3-1.4 times as long as its greatest width; both accessory ducts slender, subequal in diameter to each other and slightly thicker than major one.
Male (N = 6). Body length 2.3-2.6 mm.
Head. Upper eye bright medium brown, consisting of (large) facets in eleven vertical columns and 13 horizontal rows. Antenna light to medium brown except scape, pedicel, and base of first flagellomere yellow; first flagellomere elongate, 1.5 times length of second. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1:2.4-2.5; sensory vesicle globular or ellipsoidal (0.14-0.19 times length of third palpal segment).
Legs. Foreleg: trochanter dark yellow; femur light brown except apical tip yellowish; tibia whitish except apical one-third dark brown and inner margin dark yellow to light brown, and covered with white hairs on whitish yellow portion; tarsus brownish black; basitarsus somewhat dilated, 7.1-7.6 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: trochanter yellow; femur light brown with base yellowish and apical cap medium brown (though apical tip yellow); tibia light to medium brown except basal one-third (or little more on posterior surface) whitish; tarsus dark brown except basal one-fourth to one-third of basitarsus dark yellow (border not well defined). Hind leg: coxa light brown; trochanter yellowish; femur light to medium brown with base yellow and apical cap dark brown (though apical tip yellow); tibia medium to dark brown except little less than basal half yellowish white; tarsus (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) dark brown to brownish black except basal two-fifths of basitarsus (though basal half or little more of narrow portion along anterior margin) and little less than basal half of second tarsomere whitish yellow; basitarsus (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) 3.3-3.7 times as long as wide, and 1.0 and 1.2-1.3 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.24 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
Wing. Length 2.0-2.1 mm. Subcosta with three to six hairs.
Genitalia. Coxite in ventral view (Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ) 1.8 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventral view (Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ) bent inward, with round apex having single spine; style in ventrolateral view slightly tapered toward apex, or nearly parallel-sided from middle to apex, with round or truncated apex, and 0.8 times length of coxite. Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ) with body transverse, 0.54 times as long as wide, with lateral margin emarginated medially; basal arms of moderate length, nearly parallel-sided, then convergent apically; ventral plate in lateral view (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ) moderately produced ventrally; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig. 8E View Figure 8 ) trapezoidal ventrally, with ventral margin nearly straight, densely covered with microsetae on posterior surface. Cercus with 15-19 hairs.
Pupa (N = 11). Body length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Thorax. Gill (Fig. 8F View Figure 8 ) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [(1+2)+(1+2)]+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.7-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary and second stalks of dorsal triplet short, those of middle triplet mostly short (though medium-long in few pupae); stalk of ventral pair of filaments variable in length, 1.0-1.7 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.8-1.2 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 70-80° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal triplet subequal in length (2.4-2.5 mm) and thickness to one another; filaments of middle triplet subequal in length (2.8-2.9 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (3.1-3.2 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.3 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets according to measurement of intact right gill of one pupa.
Abdomen. Segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig. 8G View Figure 8 ), of which outer margin 2.2 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally.
Cocoon (Fig. 8H View Figure 8 ). Slipper-shaped, moderately woven, somewhat extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin thickly woven medially, often with bulge; individual threads visible or not; 2.6-3.2 mm long by 1.3-2.2 mm wide.
Mature larva (N = 13). Body length 5.0-5.5 mm. Body creamy white to light ochreous with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with distinct ochreous band (though disconnected ventromedially and dorsomedially), thoracic segments 2 and 3 ochreous or dark grey on ventral surface; abdominal segments 1-4 entirely greenish grey, abdominal segments 5, 7, and 8 dark grey on dorsal and dorsolateral surface; abdominal segments 5 and 6 each with distinct reddish brown, W-shaped, transverse band along posterior margin dorsally, though that on abdominal segment 6 often partially faded, leaving three distinct, reddish brown spots (one round dorsomedial spot and two lateral spots of various size and shape), dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segments 7 and 8 faintly to distinctly covered with reddish brown pigment (Fig. 25H View Figure 25 ); ventral surface of abdominal segments 5-7 each with pair of reddish brown small spots.
Head. Head capsule yellow except narrow areas along posterior margin and surrounding areas of postgenal cleft somewhat darkened, and eye-spot region whitish; head spots distinctively positive. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.8:0.9. Labral fan with 35 or 36 primary rays. Hypostoma: four hypostomal bristles per side lying nearly parallel to lateral margin. Postgenal cleft (Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ) medium sized, rounded, 1.3-1.4 times length of postgenal bridge.
Abdomen. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with 10-15 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 0.9 times as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 76-86 rows of hooklets with up to 14 or 15 hooklets per row.
Etymology.
The species name, loeiense , refers to the name of the province, Loei, where this species was collected.
Distribution.
Thailand (Loei).
Discussion.
This new species is similar to S. asakoae in many characters including the presence of teeth on the outer margin of the female mandible, and small number of male upper-eye facets. However, it is distinguished from the latter species by the dorsum of pupal abdominal segments 1 and 2 yellowish (the dorsum of pupal abdominal segments 1 and 2 darkened in S. asakoae ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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