Electronoyesella Simutnik, 2022
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94773 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9DDB53D-4A3E-430D-B3B7-8FDDBBE0260D |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BFACFC4-6923-4E7B-B034-95DEEE352D78 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BFACFC4-6923-4E7B-B034-95DEEE352D78 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Electronoyesella Simutnik |
| status |
gen. nov. |
Genus Electronoyesella Simutnik gen. nov.
Type species.
Electronoyesella antiqua Simutnik, sp. nov.
Species composition.
Type species only.
Etymology.
The new genus is named in honor of John Stuart Noyes, who first saw the presence of the structures similar to paratergites in the new fossil. The name is a combination of “electrum” (Latin: electrum = amber) and “Noyes”. The genus name is a feminine noun.
Diagnosis.
Female. Body not flattened; frontovertex as long as broad, with four vertical rows of piliferous punctures (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ); ocelli forming right angled triangle; horizontal row of three large, deep cells under each torulus (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ); clypeus and interantennal prominence intricately sculptured; mandibles tridentate with middle tooth longest; scape much more than 3 × as long as broad; F1 a little longer than broad to quadrate; notauli present only anteriorly as small but distinct depressions (Fig. 3B View Figure 3 : arrow), without visible lines; filum spinosum absent; covering setae present; marginal vein 5 × as long as broad; postmarginal vein 1.5 × as long as marginal; costal cell of hind wing with line of long setae (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 : ls1), longest of which located alongside parastigma (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 : pst); row of thickened setae present alongside hyaline spur vein of hind wing (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 : ls2, spv); apex of metatibia with one peg (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 : arrows); cerci located in apical third of metasoma; paratergite-like, sclerotized, separated part of Mt8 present alongside margin of syntergum (Figs 6A, B View Figure 6 , 7C View Figure 7 : ptrg?); apex of hypopygium reaching a little way past apex of last gastral tergum.
Male. Unknown.
Remarks.
Placement of Electronoyesella gen. nov. in Tetracneminae is supported by the absence of the filum spinosum of linea calva, the tridentate mandibles with the middle tooth being the longest, the hypopygium reaching a little way past the apex of the syntergum, and the presence of the sclerotized, ribbon-like, separated part of Mt8 along the margin of the syntergum (Figs 6A, B View Figure 6 , 7C View Figure 7 : ptrg?). This structure closely resembles the paratergites of extant Tetracneminae (Fig. 7A, B View Figure 7 : ptrg) and may be morphological evidence for the existence of this subfamily in the late Eocene.
The hind wing of the new genus has a single line of long setae alongside the entire costal cell (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 : ls1) as in most extant Tanaostigmatidae . These setae vary in length, the longest located along the parastigma of the hind wing. In fossil Encyrtidae , the same line of long setae has been recorded in Eocencnemus sugonjaevi Simutnik, 2002, Sulia glaesaria Simutnik, 2015 (Simutnik et al. 2021), and is also known in several undescribed specimens without filum spinosum. These differ from the new genus by the absence of a vertical rows of large piliferous punctures on the frontovertex. E. sugonjaevi also differs by its short, ring-like F1.
The same line of long setae alongside the costal cell of the hind wing is present in few extant Encyrtinae : Exoristobia Ashmead, 1904 (Simutnik et al. 2021), Rhytidothorax Ashmead, 1900, and some other Bothriothoracini Howard, 1895 (J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022). In Aphycoides Mercet, 1921 these setae are sparser and shorter. Within Tetracneminae , a somewhat similar line of setae is present in Ericydnus Walker, 1837 and Moraviella Hoffer, 1954, but their setae do not vary in length. A line or several lines of setae are present in Aenasius Walker, 1846; Blepyrus Howard, 1898; Monodiscodes Hoffer, 1953, but they are also short.
A line of long setae, but sparser and more or less equal in length originating from the membrane of the costal cell, similar to these of Ericydnus , are also found in the earliest known Sakhalinian amber encyrtids: Sugonjaevia Simutnik, 2015, Encyrtoides Simutnik, 2021, and Sakhalinencyrtus Simutnik, 2021. This character state seems to be a feature of the stem group of Encyrtidae .
The first funicular segment seen in the majority of known Eocene encyrtid females, including the oldest described female from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber ( Simutnik 2021), had an annular shape, or at least is broader than long. Of the 27 examined females of European and Sakhalinian ambers (some of which might belong to the same species), some undescribed, few have an F1 longer than broad. Among Eocene females without the filum spinosum (supposedly Tetracneminae ), only in Sulia Simutnik, 2015 and Rovnopositor Simutnik, 2022, is F1 about 1.5 × as long as broad (the latter differs from the new genus by the absence of vertical rows of piliferous punctures on the frontovertex, its shorter marginal vein, the reduced gonostyli, and by its long, curved ovipositor stylet). F1 in Electronoyesella is slightly longer than broad (Fig. 3A, B View Figure 3 ).
The new taxon further differs from most known Encyrtidae by the presence of a peg or spicule originating from the round, deep pit at the apex of metatibia (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 , arrows); and a row of thickened setae alongside the spur vein of the hind wing (Figs 5C View Figure 5 , 6B View Figure 6 : spv). Such a row of setae is also absent in the middle Eocene encyrtids from the Sakhalinian amber.
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