RUBIACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

RUBIACEAE

Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A.Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 443 (1830) Syn: Alibertia acuminata (Benth.) Sandwith ; Alibertia tobagensis Sprague & Williams ; Alibertia trinitatis Sprague & Williams Habit : Tree. Habitat: Thickets and natural savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Rampanalgas-Toco; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation

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Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Waller Field, Purseglove P6395 (NY); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN); Piarco Savanna, Sandwith 1946 (K); O’Meara Savanna, Purdie 124 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Amaioua corymbosa Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 419 (1820) Syn: Amaioua fagifolia Desf. Common name: Camayung, Candlewood. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen and deciduous seasonal and lower montane forest; palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 50% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 38% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Adams 13509 (TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Bertiera guianensis Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 180, t.69 (1775) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woods. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas; Broadway 7727 (BM); Irois Forest, Broadway 8969 (BM); Chatham Road, Johnson 1085 (BM, TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Borreria densiflora DC., Prodr. 4: 542 (1830) Syn: Borreria spinosa Cham. & Schltdl. ; Spermacoce densiflora (DC.) Alain Habit : Herb. Habitat: Beaches, savannas and sandy or rocky pastures. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Broadway 3380 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 61 (1888) Syn: Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: O’Meara Savanna, Adams 13407 (TRIN); Waller Field, Adams 13608 (TRIN); Longdenville, Adams 14155 (TRIN); Pitch Lake, Adams 13557 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay.

Borreria ovalifolia M.Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 129 (1844) Syn: Spermacoce ovalifolia (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Fields, plantations and disturbed ground in thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 404 (BM, K), Broadway 5446 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Polynesia.

Borreria prostrata (Aubl.) Miq., Verh. Nat. Wet. Haarl. 7: 177 (1851) Syn: Borreria parviflora G.Mey. ; Borreria parviflora G.Mey. ; Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground in riverbeds, gravel pits, pastures, fields and forest margins, sometimes on rotting logs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Eggers 5947 (K); Broadway 2458 (BM); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1853 (K). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Crueger 276 (K), Fendler 402 (BM, K, OXF). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Cape Verde Islands.

Borreria remota (Lam.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral, Darwiniana 37: 334 (1999) Syn: Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Common Name : Balie Jab, Buttonweed, Iron Grass, Man-to-Man root, Nigger-head, White Broom, Whitehead Broom. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Piarco-Arima; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Southern

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 381 Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Plymouth, Clement & Ryves 612 (BM). TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway s.n. (BM); Guayaguayare, Adams 13649 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Borreria repens DC. , in DC, Prodr. 4: 542 (1830) Syn: Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, such as mud at water edges, sandy soils, rocky outcrops, rotting logs and tree-stumps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Between Studley Park and Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 258 (BM); Tobago Forest Reserve to Bloody Bay Road, Clement & Ryves 500 (BM). TRINIDAD: Maracas Falls, Philcox 7828 (K); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8123 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia.

Borreria verticillata (L.) G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83 (1818) Syn: Spermacoce verticillata L. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, in open forests, savannas, pastures, limestone outcrops and roadsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN); St. Augustine, Adams 13455 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Adams 14701 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f ex K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 191 (1889) Exotic.

Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 61 (1763) Common name: Bois Riviere, Waterwood. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and deciduous seasonal forests, on or near limestone outcrops, in lower montane and montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco; Central Range; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Morne Catherine, Adams 14634 (TRIN); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10011). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Guyana.

Chimarrhis microcarpa Standl., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 471 (1926) Habit: Tree. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Dannouse s.n. (NY, TRIN 6946). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia.

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc., Missouri Bot. Gard. Rep. 4: 94 (1893) Syn: Chiococca anguifuga Mart. ; Chiococca parvifolia Wullschl. ex Griseb. ; Chiococca racemosa L.; Lonicera alba L. Common name: American Mint, Brendel, Dandy Root, David’s Root, Mapepire Root, Snowberry, Vagan. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Catshill-Basse Terre; Chacachacare; Cumaca; Gasparee; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-Tucuche; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 18% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 70% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 40% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Eggers 5545 (K), Broadway 3002 (BM, NY); The Widow, Broadway 3524 (BM, NY); Caledonia, Broadway s.n. (NY); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1842 (K); Menna Road, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11117); Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 669 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Comeau 1389 (TRIN 32243); Scotland Bay, Philcox & Philcox 8241 (K, NY); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13529 (TRIN); Pointe Gourde, Broadway 8078 (BM); Cumaca Road, Adams 14330 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Chione venosa (Sw.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 594 (1911) Common name: Bois Bandé. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lower levels of xerophytic forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway

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3975 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America.

Coccocypselum condalia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 132 1805. Syn. Coccocypselum trinitense Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 300 (1967) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Trailing in masses in marginal areas of savanna adjacent to woodland and thicket. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Richardson 530 (K), Richardson 636 (K); Long Stretch Forest Reserve, Steyermark 90919 (K, NY, VEN). Global range: Trop. C and S. America.

Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 315 (1889) Syn: Coccocypselum nummulariifolium Cham. & Schltdl. ; Coccocypselum tontanea Kunth ; Tontanea guianense Aubl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Palm marsh and palm islands in savanna, forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Matura-Salybia; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Adams 14231 (TRIN); Quare Forests, Broadway 6513 (BM); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13573 (TRIN); Matura Forest Reserve, Philcox et al. 7325 (K); Salibea, Raynal 15559 (K). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay.

Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 396 (1830) Syn: Coccocypselum glabrum Bartl. ex DC. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Forests and savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima Valley, Smith 10092 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 7697 (BM, K); Quare Forests, Broadway 6513 (BM); Aripo Savanna, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Coffea arabica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 172 (1753) Exotic.

Coffea canephora A.Froehner, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 237 (1897) Syn: Coffea canephora A.Froehner var. robusta (Linden ex De Wild.) A.Chev. Exotic.

Coffea liberica W.Bull ex Hiern, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 1: 171 (1876) Exotic.

Coffea stenophylla G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 581 (1834) Exotic.

Coussarea paniculata (Vahl) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 282 (1928) Syn: Faramea martini DC. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 25% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Spring Hill, Adams 14222 (NY; TRIN); Arena, Broadway 6615 (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 196 (1889) Syn: Coutarea speciosa Aubl. Common name: Bocas Bark. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chacachacare; Gasparee; Huevos; Monos; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 50% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Crueger s.n.] (TRIN 682), Baker & Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 14890), Comeau 1390 (TRIN 32244); Point Gourde, Ramcharan 604 (NY). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Diodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult) Bremek., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 305 (1934) Syn: Hemidiodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. ; Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Palm marsh, savannas, roadsides and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E. Coast; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3%

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

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RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Speyside, Clement & Ryves 582 (BM); Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 677 (BM). TRINIDAD: Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13593 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Adams 14576 (TRIN); Arena Forest Reserve, Adams 14209 (TRIN); Point Sable, Adams 13568 (TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Diodia sarmentosa Sw., Prodr. 30 (1788) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Savannas, moist thickets, secondary forests, riverbanks and rocky cliffs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cedros, Crueger s.n. (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Argentina.

Diodia serrulata (P.Beauv.) G.Taylor, Cat. Pl. S. Tomé 220 (1944) Exotic.

Emmeorhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4: 142 (1895) Syn: Emeorhiza brasiliensis Walp. ; Endlicheria umbellata (Spreng.) K.Schum. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Thickets and forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: P.O.S.-Santa Cruz. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: North Post to Maqueripe, Britton et al. 905 (NY); Tucuche, Broadway 7472 (BM), Alston 5112 (BM); Maracas, Broadway 6578 (BM). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Erithalis fruticosa L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 930 (1759) Common name: Parrot Apple. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Sandy areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Buccoo Bay, Sandwith 1668 (K); Little Tobago, Farrell s.n. (TRIN 31228). Global range: Bahamas, Turks & Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America.

Faramea occidentalis (L.) A.Rich., Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. 5: 176 (1834) Syn: Faramea odoratissima (Gaertn.) DC. Common name: Wild Coffee, Wild Jasmine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests, especially by streams. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Calder Hall, Broadway 3811 (BM); Cradley, Broadway s.n. (BM); Craig Hall, Broadway s.n. (BM). TRINIDAD: Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 13333 (TRIN); Oropuche Road, Broadway 6477 (BM); San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6403 (BM). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, Phil. Trans. 51: 935 (1761) Syn: Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr.; Gardenia radicans Thunb. Exotic.

Genipa americana L., Syst. (ed. 10) 931 (1759) Common name: Ebo Wood, Genip, Ibo Ink, Jagua, Juniper, Monkey Apple. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Savanna woodlands, evergreen, semi-evergreen seasonal and littoral forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Biche-Poole; Caroni; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Piarco-Arima; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Rio Claro-Mayaro. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 32% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 50% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 40% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples; Vegnum 11 31% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Calder Hall, Broadway 4071 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 810 (TRIN 32672); Guayaguayare, Adams 13647 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Geophila repens (L.) I.M.Johnst., Sargentia 8: 281 (1949) Syn: Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) K.Schum. ; Geophila

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reniformis D.Don Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Nariva Swamp, Adams 14257 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Gonzalagunia dicocca Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 194 (1829) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland forest and savannah. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tabaquite, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Gonzalagunia hirsuta (Jacq.) Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 291 (1889) Syn: Duggena hirsuta (Jacq.) Britton ex R.O.Williams & Cheesman ; Duggena incanescens (DC.) R.O.Williams & Cheesman ; Duggena richardii Vahl ; Gonzalea grisea Wernham ; Gonzalea incanescens DC. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Banks and ravines in moist districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; Rampanalgas-Toco; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Orange Hill, Broadway 4351 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1623 (K). TRINIDAD: Chancellor Road, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Riley 72 (BM); Four Roads, Riley 213 (BM); La Montserrat Estate, Alston 5079 (BM); Cumaca, Adams 13310 (TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Gonzalagunia spicata (Lam.) M.Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 106 (1889) Syn: Gonzalea spicata (Lam.) DC. ; Lygistum spicatum Lam. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Global range: Widespread in the Caribbean and northern South America.

Guettarda divaricata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. ser. 7: 403 (1931) Habit: Tree. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 2929 (BM); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11102). TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Britton et al. 2726 (NY); Cedros, Broadway 8058 (BM). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil.

Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: t.154 (1792) Syn: Guettarda parviflora Vahl Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Among rocks near water and on dry slopes. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Caroni; Catshill-Basse Terre; Gasparee; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 25% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Sandwith 1636 (K); Hillsborough Road, Philcox & Raynal 7921 (K). TRINIDAD: Point Gourde, Broadway 8077 (BM); Moruga, Broadway 9266 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Guettarda scabra (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encyc. 1: 218, t.154 (1792) Syn: Matthiola scabra L. Common Name : Blue Copper. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Xerophytic forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 3844 (BM); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1843 (K).

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TRINIDAD: Maraval, Baptiste s.n. ( TRIN 5851). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil.

Guettarda tobagensis Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 406 (1912) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist lowland forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F. R. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 4577 ( BM); Menna Road, ( TRIN 11116). Global range: Central America, north-western South America.

Hamelia axillaris Sw., Prodr. 46 (1788) Syn: Hamelia chrysantha Jacq. ; Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Sm. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Rio Claro-Mayaro. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Hamelia patens Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 16 (1760) Syn: Hamelia erecta Jacq. Common Name : Monkey-Bone, Wild Clove. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Shady thickets in forest area. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 19% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 6268 (BM); Chancellor Road, Broadway 7777 (BM); Maraval, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13530 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Hillia illustris (Vell.) K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 6: 202 (1889) Syn: Hillia trinitensis R.O. Williams & Cheesman Habit : Epiphyte. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tamana, Broadway s.n. (NY, TRIN 7807); Maraval, sine coll. (TRIN 5416). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Hillia parasitica Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 18 (1760) Syn: Hillia longiflora Sw. Habit : Epiphyte. Habitat: Trees in forests in wet or moist districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Salem-Charleston Trace, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11788). TRINIDAD: Maraval, Broadway 5709 (F, MO); Tucuche, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11003). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Isertia parviflora Vahl, Eclog. Am. 2: 28, t. 15 (1798) Common name: Bois Cacao, Bois Fer, Wild Ixora . Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen seasonal forest; marsh forest, palm marsh, palm islands and disturbed areas in savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Aripo Heights; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5280); Waller Field, Adams 13978 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13512 (TRIN). Global range: Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Ixora casei Hance, Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 754 (1852) Exotic.

Ixora coccinea L. f. lutea (J.B.Hutchinson) Fosberg & Sachet, Baileya 23: 79 (1989) Syn: Ixora lutea J.B.Hutchinson Exotic.

Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 572 (1834) Exotic.

Ixora laxiflora Sm., Cyclop 19: n.8 (1819) Exotic.

Ixora parviflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 11 (1794) Exotic.

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Malanea macrophylla Bartl. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 337 (1861) Syn: Malanea megalantha Wernham Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Palm marsh; dry forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Easterfield, Broadway 4024 (BM, NY); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1844 (K). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 427 (BM). Global range: Lesser Antilles Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Malanea sarmentosa Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 106, t.41 (1775) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Marsh forest. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Cumaca. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Lockhart s.n (K); Long Stretch, Broadway 9111 (BM). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru.

Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 625 (1798) Syn: Lygistum reclinatum Kuntze Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Broadway 7822 (BM); Caura River Valley, Britton 1557 (NY). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Manettia reclinata L., Mant. Pl. Altera 558 (1771) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Bay, Broadway 6585 (BM). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia.

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC., Prodr. 4: 572 (1830) Syn: Mitracarpus villosum Cham. & Schltdl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed of disturbed ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Broadway 7214 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Morinda citrifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 176 (1753) Common Name: Fei Froid, Pain Bush, Pain Killer, Spirit Fruit. Exotic.

Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 116 (1827) Exotic.

Notopleura parasitica (Sw.) Hamml. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.129: 629. 2014. Syn: Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) R.A. Howard Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane and submontane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco; Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples). Global range: Antilles and Mexico to northern South America.

Notopleura perpapillifera (Steyermark) C.M.Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 513 (2001) Syn: Psychotria perpapillifera Steyermark Common Name : Climbing Vine. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Sandwith 1767 (K); Roxborough Road, Andrews 3-85 (BM). Global range: Guyanas, Venezuela.

Notopleura uliginosa (Sw.) Bremek., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 290 (1934) Syn: Psychotria uliginosa Sw. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Steep rocky slopes and in undergrowth of submontane and montane rain forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 88% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Caledonia, Sandwith 1722 (K). TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Adams 14085 (TRIN); Maracas, Broadway 6256 (BM, K); Las Lapas Trace, Purseglove P6411 (K); Aripo, Broadway s.n. (BM); Valencia-Cumaca Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7206 (K); Cumaca, Adams 13314 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 119 (1753) Syn: Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Common weed. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Clement & Ryves 50 (BM). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 411 (BM, OXF). Global range: Widespread in

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Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. , in DC., Prodr. 4: 425 (1830) Syn: Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach. Exotic.

Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides (Griseb.) Terrell & W.H.Lewis, Brittonia 42: 185 (1990) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Adams 14165 (TRIN). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Guyana.

Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. (ed.16) 5: 193 (1819) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Semi-shady or moist situations; marsh forest and palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Caroni; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 63% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 50% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 48% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 12% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas Estate, Ballah s.n. (BM, TRIN); Las Lapas Road, Broadway 5933 (BM); Haven Hill Farm, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13498 (TRIN); Guaico Trace, Quesnel s.n. (BM); Moruga Bouffe, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Palicourea croceoides Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 29 (1825) Syn: Palicourea riparia Benth. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Riley 75 (BM); Morne Bleu, Broadway 6199 (BM); Las Lapas Trace, Purseglove P6412 (TRIN); Aripo Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Oropuche River Road, Broadway 6470 (BM); Sangre Grande , Broadway 6532 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Palicourea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 173 (1775) Syn: Palicourea barbinervia DC. ; Palicourea guianensis Aubl. subsp. barbinervia (DC.) Steyermark Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests and secondary vegetation. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Brasso Seco; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Matura-Salybia; North Central Coast; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Brasso Road, Adams 13808 (TRIN); Quare Road, Broadway 6047 (BM); Toco Road, Britton et al. 1806 (NY); Tamana Hill, Williams s.n. (TRIN 10804); Cap de Ville to Buenos Ayres, Broadway 9114 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Palicourea triphylla DC., Prodr. 4: 526 (1830) Syn: Palicourea ternata Urb. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Toco Road, Britton et al. 1803 (NY); Sangre Grande , Britton 2843 (NY); Oropuche River District, Broadway s.n. (BM); Aripo Savanna, Britton et al. 279 (NY); Cumuto, Broadway 7622 (BM); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 549 (TRIN17891); Arena Forest Reserve, Heiklots s.n. (TRIN15405); Aripo Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN5683); Valencia, Britton, s.n. (TRIN9235); St. Ann's, Hart s.n (TRIN1619); Cumuto Rd., Williams et al. s.n. (TRIN10763); Cumuto, Freeman et al. s.n. (TRIN10766); Piarco, Cheesman s.n. (TRIN 13248). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pentas bussei K.Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 134 (1909) Syn: Pentas coccinea Stapf Exotic.

Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers, Voy. Yemen 142 (1889) Exotic.

Perama hirsuta Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 54, t.18 (1775) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open sandy savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation

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(Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5154), Britton et al. 74 (NY); Aripo Savanna, Britton & Britton 2911 (NY), Howard 10493 (BM, NY), Adams 11306 (TRIN), Steyermark 90914 (VEN), Adams 13492 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Portlandia grandiflora L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 928 (1759) Exotic.

Posoqueria trinitatis DC. , in DC, Prodr. 4: 375 (1830) Exotic.

Pseudomussaenda flava Verdc., Kew Bull. 1951: 378 (1952) Syn: Mussaenda luteola Del. Exotic.

Psychotria aubletiana Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 694 (1972) Syn: Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9817), Cheesman s.n. (K, TRIN 12640). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Psychotria berteroana DC. , in DC., Prodr. (DC.) 4: 515 (1830) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Britton & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9091); Morne Bleu, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11538), Broadway 6197 (BM, K). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Psychotria brachiata Sw., Prodr. 45 (1788) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Submontane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Cumaca; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Broadway 7001 (BM, K); Maracas, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11018); Arima, Lockhart 340 (K); Arima Valley, Snow s.n. (K); Spring Hill Estate, Chenery s.n. (BM); Cumaca, Adams 13313 (TRIN); Mt. Harris, Williams & Freeman s.n. (K, TRIN 12009); Plum Road, Williams & Freeman s.n. (K, TRIN 11999). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru.

Psychotria bracteocardia (DC.) Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 6: 362 (1881) Syn: Cephaelis pubescens Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult. ; Uragoga pubescens (Hoffmanns.) Urban Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests and savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cleaver Wood, Alston 5140 (BM); Maracas, [Finlay s.n.] (K); Caroni North Bank Road, Britton & Mendelson 829 (K); Piarco Savanna, Britton et al. 85 (K), Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15015); Arena Government Forests, Broadway 5861 (BM, K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Psychotria callithrix (Miq.) Steyermark var. tontaneoides (Britton & Standl.) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 640 (1972) Syn: Cephaelis tontaneoides (Britton & Standl.) R.O.Williams & Cheesman ; Evea tontaneoides Britton & Standl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Forest shade. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Chaguanas-Couva; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Spring Hill Estate, Chenery s.n. (BM); Morne Bleu, Johnson 1121 (BM, TRIN); Aripo Road, Broadway 5748 (BM), Broadway 7586 (BM); Aripo pool, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11902); Southern Guanapo Road, Broadway 5683 (K); Sangre Grande , Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11859); Caparo, Broadway s.n. (NY, TRIN 9774). Global range: Guyana, French Guiana.

Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. subsp. inundata (Benth.) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 621 (1972) Syn: Psychotria arcuata Benth. ; Psychotria inundata Benth. ; Uragoga arcuata Kuntze Habit : Tree. Habitat: Forests and at the edge of woods; marsh forest and palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 63% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 41% RBS samples).

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 389 Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Forest Reserve, Broadway 4007 (BM). TRINIDAD: North Post to Maqueripe, Britton et al. 877 (K); Morne Catherine, Adams 14633 (TRIN); St. Anns, Broadway 6319 (K); Tucuche, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14324), Adams 14083 (TRIN); Morne Bleu, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11548); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13360 (TRIN); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9819); Aripo Valley, Snow s.n. (K); Aripo Heights Road, Philcox et al. 7402 (K); Quare Road, Broadway 6057 (BM, K); Valencia-Cumaca Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7179 (K); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10305 (BM); Long Stretch, Purseglove 6448 (K); Sangre Grande , Britton & Hazen 371 (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. Carib. 16 (1760) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wet places near rivers. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mason Hall, Broadway 4029 (BM, NY). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 7582 (BM, K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Psychotria cornigera Benth. Syn : Psychotria bahiensis sensu William and Cheesman , Psychotria cuspidata sensu Williams & Cheesman Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Matura-Salybia; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 11% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Morne Catherine, Quesnel s.n. (BM, TRIN); St. Anns, Broadway 8000 (BM); Maracas, Broadway s.n. (BM), Kalloo 8147 (NY); Morne Bleu, Britton et al. 2279 (K); Las Lapas Road, Broadway 5932 (BM, K); Arima Valley, Snow s.n. (K); Eastern Main Road, Broadway 5585 (BM, K); Arima, Britton et al. 606 (NY); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9816); Quare River Forests, Williams & Cheesman s.n. (K, TRIN 10769), Broadway 5425 (BM, K); Cumaca, Adams 13321 (TRIN, ibid., Adams 13322 (TRIN); Oropuche Local Road, Broadway s.n. (K); Matura, Philcox & Kalloo 7007 (K); Cumuto, Broadway 6930 (BM); Sangre Grande , Britton & Hazen 376 (NY); Caparo, Broadway 2780 (K); Talparo, Britton 2159 (K); Mt. Harris, Broadway 7566 (BM, K); Central Range Reserve, Adams 13389 (TRIN); Cedros Road, Cowan & Forster 1332 (NY); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7105); Irois Forest, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11920). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia

Psychotria deflexa DC. subsp. deflexa, Prodr. 4: 510 (1830) Syn: Psychotria patens sensu Williams & Cheesman non Sw. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forests andhillside thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 18% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 5150 (BM, K); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 13340 (TRIN); Caura Road, Adams 13995 (NY, TRIN); Plum Road, Williams & Freeman s.n. (K, TRIN 12001); Irois Forest, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12045). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Psychotria gracilenta Müll.Arg. , Flora 59: 545 (1876) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, savanna and disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 677, K); Valencia Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Erin Savanna, Purseglove P6497 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Psychotria grandis Sw., Prodr. 43 (1788) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Waterfall, Kalloo B1111 (TRIN); Platanal, Quesnel s.n. (BM); Rio Seco, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador.

Psychotria horizontalis Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44 (1788) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Rio Claro West Reserve , Johnson 578 (BM); Southern Watershed Wildlife

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Sanctuary Johnson 1305 (BM), Johnson 1327 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Psychotria mapourioides DC. , in DC, Prodr. 4: 509 (1830) Syn: Psychotria nitida Willd. ; Psychotria tobagensis Urban ; Psychotria trinitensis Urban Habit : Tree. Habitat: Forests on river banks, lower montane and xerophytic forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Cumaca; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Rampanalgas-Toco; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 25% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Main Ridge, Cowan 1412 (K); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11809); Menna, Broadway 4758 (BM); Great Dog River, Sandwith 1738 (K); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Snow s.n. (K); Roxborough to Main Ridge Road, Clement & Ryves 282 (BM). TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Britton et al. 1264 (NY), Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11015); Arima valley, Smith 10093 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5530 (BM, K), Kalloo 8236 (NY); l’Orange and Aripo Roads, Broadway 7388 (BM); Aripo Heights, Britton & Freeman 2355 (K); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13582 (TRIN); Platanal, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN); Cumuto Road, Williams et al. s.n. (K, TRIN 10757); Long Stretch, Broadway 5487 (K); Melajo Forest Reserve, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN); Platanal, Quesnel s.n. (TRIN); Rio Seco, Quesnel s.n. (BM, TRIN). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Psychotria marginata Sw., Prodr. 43 (1788) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Near watercourses. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Rio Claro-Mayaro. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Falls, Williams & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 10829), Broadway 5461 (BM, K); Arena, Broadway 7628 (BM, K); Plum Road, Williams & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 12000). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 539 (1928) Syn: Psychotria pinnularis Sessé & Moç. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Dry areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Broadway 4233 (BM); Lowlands, Mildford Rd. C. Clubbe s.n. (TRIN 33103); Little Tobago, G.L. Webster, 24198 (TRIN 28614). TRINIDAD: Caroni, Williams, s.n. (TRIN 10930); Gasparillo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8377); Quinam Rd., Southern Range, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12184); Maraval, Baptise, s.n. (TRIN 5850); Gaspree Cave, V.Quesnel s.n. (TRIN 33926); Pt. Goude, V. Quesnel, s.n. (TRIN 32058). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Grand Cayman, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru.

Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 671 (1972) Syn: Cephaelis muscosa (Jacq.) Sw. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Marsh forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 88% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 88% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 65% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Belmont, Broadway 4049 (BM); The Widow, Broadway 4138 (K); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1852 (K); Roxborough to Main Ridge Road, Clement & Ryves 296 (BM). TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, NY, TRIN 9823); Quare River, Broadway 5424 (BM); Cumaca Road, Adams 14357 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Psychotria nervosa Sw., Prodr. 43 (1788) Syn: Psychotria lanceolata Nutt. ; Psychotria undata Jacq. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Greg s.n. (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador.

Psychotria occidentalis Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 545 (1972) Exotic.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 391 Psychotria poeppigiana Müll.Arg. sensu lato. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 38% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 44% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Two subspecies have been reported (see below) from Trinidad, although these were not distinguished during vegetation sampling.

Psychotria poeppigiana Müll.Arg. subsp. barcellana (Müll.Arg.) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 680 (1972) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Palm marsh, savanna and forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Morne Bleu, Broadway 6200 (BM); Aripo Road, Broadway 5888 (BM); Aripo Heights, Chenery s.n. (BM); Valencia, Barnard 12F (K), Fosberg 42530 (BM); Piarco Savanna, Britton et al. 85 (K); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10323 (BM). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Psychotria poeppigiana Müll.Arg. subsp. poeppigiana, Fl. Bras. 6: 370 (1881) Syn: Cephaelis tomentosa Willd. Common Name : Wild Ipecacuanha. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Thickets at forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Philcox 8269 (K); Long Stretch, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Argentina.

Psychotria racemosa Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107 (1792) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Longdenville-Talparo; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: La Fortune Trace, Broadway 7907 (K). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Psychotria rufidula Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 189 (1930). Habit: shrub Habitat: Forest. IUCN: EN. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): Southern Range, Quinam Rd., Williams s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Trinidad.

Randia aculeata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1192 (1753) Common name: Indigo Berry, Ink Berry, Prickle Bush. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Moist and dry lowland woodland. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago-St.Giles; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 17% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Britton & Hazen 1741 (NY); Point Galera, Broadway 7772 (BM); Moruga, Britton & Broadway 2459 (NY). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru.

Randia armata (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 4: 387 (1830) Syn: Basanacantha phyllosepala Sprague & Williams ; Randia nitida (Kunth) DC. Common name: Camayung, Wild Tamarind. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Central Range; Huevos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 19% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Charlotteville, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11078); Lambeau Hill, Sandwith 1645 (K). TRINIDAD: Monos, Devenish s.n. (TRIN 3131). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Randia brevipes Steyermark, Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 126 (1971) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded slopes. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2684 (NY), Howard 10424 (K). Global range: Venezuela, Guyana.

Ronabea latifolia Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 154, t.59 (1775) Syn: Psychotria axillaris Willd. ; Psychotria erecta (Aubl.)

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Standl. & Steyermark Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, savanna and woodland. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 63% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Crueger s.n. (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5666 (K); Morne Bleu, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11964); Aripo Road, Broadway 7331 (BM); Valencia Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Hollis Reservoir, Philcox & Wood 7416 (K), Adams 13592 (TRIN); Valencia, Britton & Britton 2093 (NY); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13501 (TRIN); Sangre Grande , Britton & Nowell 2846 (K, NY), Broadway 5388 (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Rondeletia hispidula (Griseb.) Schum., Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4: 35 (1891) Syn: Arachnothryx hispidulus Griseb. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Forest margins. IUCN: EN. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Adams 14091 (TRIN); Maracas Waterfall, Crueger s.n. (K, NY, TRIN 678). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Rondeletia odorata Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. Carib. 16 (1760) Exotic.

Rondeletia rohrii R.O.Williams & Cheesman, Fl. T. & T. 2: 11 (1928) Habit: Shrub. IUCN: DD. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, von Rohr s.n. (BM). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Rosenbergiodendron densiflorum (K.Schum.) Fagerl., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 42: 152 (1948) Syn: Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. var. densiflora K.Schum. Exotic.

Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) Fagerl., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 42: 152 (1948) Syn: Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. ; Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. var. formos a; Randia moussaendae DC. Common Name : Wild Jasmine. Exotic.

Rothmannia longiflora Salisb., Parad. Lond. t. 65 (1807) Exotic.

Rudgea hostmanniana Benth. subsp. freemanii (Sprague & R.O.Williams ex R.O.Williams & Cheesman) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 414 (1967) Syn: Rudgea freemani Sprague & R.O.Williams ex R.O. Williams & Cheesman. Common name: Ashes Wood, Bois Tatoo, Cacapoule, Kakapol. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal and lower montane and montane forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 4259 (BM); Easterfield, Broadway 4635 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1637 (K). TRINIDAD: Montserrat Estate, Adams 14561 (TRIN); Tacarigua, Adams 13992 (TRIN); Caura Valley, Britton & Hazen 1189 (NY); Chaguanas, sine coll. (TRIN 3133); Talparo, Britton 2158 (NY); Central Range Forest Reserve, Adams 13384 (TRIN). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Guianas.

Sabicea glabrescens Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 219 (1841) Syn: Sabicea trinitensis Standl. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Savanna. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Biche-Poole; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: O’Meara Savanna, Britton & Britton 2489 (NY, TRIN). Global range: Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil.

Sabicea oblongifolia (Miq.) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 316 (1967) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist lowland forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Matchepoorie, Britton & Britton 2229 (NY). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas.

Sabicea velutina Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 219 (1841) Habit: Shrub. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 425 (BM). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265 (1819) Syn: Sabicea hirsuta Kunth Habit : Climber.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 393 Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 57% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arena Government Forests, Broadway 9171 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Schradera clusiifolia (Britton & Standl.) R.O.Williams & Cheesman, Fl. T. & T. 2: 16 (1928) Syn: Urceolaria clusiaefolia Britton & Standl. Habit : Climber. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Broadway s.n. (NY, TRIN 5232). Global range: Venezuela.

Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. , Nov. Gen. Pl. 9: 132 (1798) Exotic.

Sipanea pratensis Aubl. var. dichotoma (Kunth) Steyermark, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 273 (1967) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Among grasses in stony savanna and moist places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots : TRINIDAD: Cumaca; Piarco-Arima; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 67% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. ( TRIN 5149 ) Cunupia, Davidse 2602 ( MO); Erin Savanna, Adams 14323 ( TRIN). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Spermacoce confusa Rendle ex Gillis, Phytologia 29: 185 (1974) Syn: Spermacoce confusa Rendle Exotic.

Spermacoce eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 123 (1898) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Borders of tracks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: French Hill, Sandwith 1701 (K); Hillsborough River, Philcox & Raynal 7918 (K); Speyside, Clement & Ryves 578 (BM). TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Road, Broadway 4977 (K); St. Augustine, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11206). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina.

Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot. n.s. 33: 316, f. 5. 1993. Syn: Borreria exilis L.O.Williams , Borreria gracilis L.O.Williams , Borreria ocymoides sensu K.Schum. non (Burm.f.) DC. Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon Habit : herb Habitat: sandy soil, rocky outcrops, rotting logs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Between Studley Park and Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 258 (BM); Tobago Forest Reserve to Bloody Bay Road, Clement & Ryves 500 (BM). TRINIDAD: Maracas Falls, Philcox 7828 (K); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8123 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, tropical Africa, Asia, Indian Ocean and Pacific Islands.

Spermacoce ocymoides Burm.f., Fl. Ind. 34 (1768) Syn: Borreria ocymoides (Burm.f.) DC. Exotic.

Tobagoa maleolens Urban, Fedde, Repert. 14: 343 (1916) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Mature forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Rampanalgas-Toco. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lambeau Hill, Sandwith 1662 (K). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Tresanthera condaminioides H. Karst., Fl. Columb. Syn : Tresanthera pauciflora (Soler.) K.Schum. Common name: Wild Waterwood. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland forest and lower montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Morne d’Or, Eggers 5812 (K, M); Easterfield, Broadway 3076 (F); North Coast Road, Baker & Dennis s.n. (K, TRIN 14531); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Sandwith 1757 (K, TRIN 13320); Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1899 (K); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Rd. Comeau 1343 (TRIN 31701), Webster s.n. (TRIN 19204). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela.

Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 370 (1791) Syn: Ourouparia guianensis Aubl. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Moist lowland forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-

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Cedros; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS: Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult) DC. , in DC, Prodr. 4: 349 (1830) Syn: Ourouparia tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. Common name: Croc-Chien, Liane d’Eau. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests and open savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Global range: United States, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Vangueria madagascariensis J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 367 (1791) Common Name: Chinee Tambran, Tamarinddes-indes, Tambran Desin. Exotic.

Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berl. 497 (1853) Common name: Chaconia, Chaconier, Single Chaconia, Trinidad Pride, Wakamy, Wild Poinsettia . Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal and lower montane forests, moist semi-shaded flat lands and wooded hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 42% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2757 (TRIN 10410); Lopinot Road, Adams 13779 (TRIN). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch var. David Auyoung Nichols. J.R. Hort. Soc. 88 (9) 406-408 (1963). Syn: Warszewiczia coccinea plenissima Graf Common name: Double chaconia. Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Lower montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star. NE. Global range: A natural mutant discovered in Trinidad in 1957 and presently exists only in cultivation. The parent plant found on the Blanchissseuse Road was destroyed with the widening of the the road shortly after its discovery. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: ICTA Botany Lands,Nichols, 1961 (TRIN 15957).