Protoneura calverti Williamson, 1915

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Garrison, Rosser W., 2017, A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), Zootaxa 4361 (1), pp. 1-76 : 16-18

Protoneura calverti Williamson, 1915

Figs. 5 (♂ habitus), 29 (♀ habitus), 51 (♀ mes. plate), 75 (gen. lig.), 101 (♂ app.), 124 (map)

Protoneura calverti Williamson, 1915: 619 –623, pl. 44, figs 1, 11, 12, 23, 24 (in key, description of ♂ and ♀, illustrations of wings, thoracic pattern, ♂ S10);— Cowley & Gloyd (1938: 17–18, pl. 1, Figs. 6–11 , pl. 5, Figs. 1–7 ; diagnosis from P. tenuis , additional illustrations of type series);— Gloyd (1939: 7, 16, 17; diagnosis from P. scintilla and P. woytkowskii );— Cowley (1941: 157, 162, 164, 165, 168-170, 173; descriptive comments, key to species in tenuis -group, map);— Calvert (1948: 61; Guyana, notes on color variability); Belle (2002: 2; Suriname);— Garrison et al. (2003: 20; type information);— von Ellenrieder (2009a; IUCN assessment);— Garrison et al. (2010: 379);—von Ellenrieder (2011: 59; Suriname);—von Ellenrieder (2017: 200, 205; Guyana);—von Ellenrieder et al. (2017: 7; Guyana).

Primary types. Holotype ♂. Guyana: Tumatumari , 9 ii 1912, L.A. & E.B. Williamson & B.J. Rainey leg. [ UMMZ].

Specimens examined. 33 ♂ 10 ♀: VENEZUELA, Amazonas State : 1 ♂, small tributary to Siapa River , 8 ii 1989, D.A. Polhemus leg. [ USNM]; Bolivar State : 4 ♂ 2 ♀ (two pairs in copula), Caño Curususuk, 63 km S of Cuyuni River {6°15' N, 61°20' W, 163 m}, 11–12 ii 1976, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [ USNM] . GUYANA, Upper Demerara-Berbice Region : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), Potaro Landing {5°59' N, 58°33' W}, 10 ii 1912 [ UMMZ]; Potaro-Siparuni Region : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes), Tumatumari {5°17' N, 58°59' W}, 11 ii 1912, B.J. Rainey, L.A. & E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂ (paratype) same data but [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂, Amacua, Itabú (5°9'10'' N, 59°30'12'' W, 440 m), 28 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder & W. Washington leg. [CSBD]; 1 ♀, Camp 2 upriver, creek (5°6'31'' N, 59°38'38'' W, 661 m), 22 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [CSCA]; 1 ♀, Konawaruk watershed , headwaters, shaded stream (5°4'51'' N, 59°15'59'' W, 130 m), 12 ix 2014, R. Mohabie leg. [ CSBD] ; 1 ♂, Camp 2, bank of Potaro river (5°3'59'' N, 59°39'24'' W, 560 m), 19–21 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [ CSBD] ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (one pair in tandem), same data but [ CSCA] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), same data but [RWG] ; 1 ♂, Camp 2 to Camp 1, Potaro River from boat (5°3'15'' N, 59°39'49'' W, 573 m), 20 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [ CSCA] ; 1 ♂, Iwokrama {4°32'58'' N, 58°46'24'' W}, 23 i 2015, B. Willink & E. Svensson leg. [MZLU]; 1 ♂, same data but [ CSCA]; East Berbice- Corentyne Region : 1 ♂, Berbice watershed , Berbice White Sands Camp , sandy blackwater creek at camp with associated pools upstream (4°45'26'' N, 58°0'16''W, 28 m), 29 ix 2014, N. von Ellenrieder & J. Archer leg. [RWG] . SURINAME, Sipaliwini Dist. : 3 ♂ 1 ♀, forest creek, Sipaliwini River Camp (2°17'40'' N, 56°36'13'' W, 208 m), 28 viii–1 ix 2010, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [NZCS]; 5 ♂ 1 ♀ (one pair in tandem), same data but [ CSCA] ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (one pair in tandem), same data but [RWG]. FRENCH GUIANA, Saint Laurent Du Maroni : 2 ♂, Mana river {5°40' N, 53°47' W}, v 1917 [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂, Tamanois, Mana river , v 1917, S.M. Klages leg. [ FSCA] . BRAZIL, Roraima State: 1 ♂, Surumu, NW of Deposito {4°14' N, 60°55' W}, ix 1966, M. Alvarenga leg. [RWG].

Characterization. Male: Epicranium black with copper to greenish metallic reflections, dorsum of thorax black with reddish orange spots, and dorsum of abdomen black, usually with narrow light blue basal spots on S3–7; pale colors reddish orange, and pale yellow to paleblue ( Fig. 5 ). Pronotum black with large reddish-orange spot on center of middle lobe. Mesepisternum black with reddish orange triangular spot on basal half narrowing distally, sometimes branched into a short stripe along humeral suture; mesepimeron black; metepisternum basal half pale yellow with ventral, posterior and dorsal corners black; metepimeron anterior half black and posterior half pale bluish yellow. Coxa, trochanter, and base of femur with yellow, remainder of leg black; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes, with a distal margin approximately straight to slightly concave, and with laterodistal corners projected ventrally ( Fig. 75 ). Cercus longer than S10 length, slightly shorter than paraproct, about twice as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin concave, and a small ventrobasal blunt tooth in lateral view ( Fig. 101a ), with medial surface slightly concave, with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth, a partially membranous laminar medial lobe with tip located proximal to midlength of cercus, and tip curved medially forming a subapical ridge, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 101b, c ). Paraproct longer than S10 length, at basal third narrowing to half its basal width and digitiform ( Fig. 101 ). TL 36.5–41; Hw 17–19.

Female: As male but pale colors pale yellow; pronotum with margins yellow; with middorsal carina yellow, mesepisternum black with pale yellow upper portion of humeral stripe along basal 2/3 of suture; mesepimeron black with lower portion of humeral stripe along distal 1/3 of suture; pale area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 1/3 of segment height ( Fig. 29 ). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, directed posterodorsally, with sides straight and tip smoothly convex. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular with central convex area pale yellow, with posteroexternal margin tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum ( Fig. 51 ). TL 30–35; Hw 18.5–20.

Diagnosis. Protoneura calverti shares male cercus longer than wide and with a laminar lobe on medial surface with P. klugi , P. macintyrei , P. scintilla , P. tenuis , and P. woytkowskii ( Figs. 101 ; 107–108; 114; 116; 118). Among them, it shares male cerci and paraprocts longer than S10 length with P. tenuis and P. woytkowskii ( Figs. 101a ; 116a; 118a), and it can be distinguished from them by the location of the laminar lobe on medial surface proximal to midlength of cercus ( Figs. 101a, b ), which in the other two species is distal to it ( Figs. 116 a, b ; 118 a, b). It further differs from them by genital ligula morphology, with distal segment from flexure to tip longer than wide in ectal view ( Fig. 75a ) and laterodistal process occupying only 1/4 or less of distal segment length in lateral view ( Fig. 75b ); in P. tenuis distal segment from flexure to tip is usually wider than long in ectal view ( Figs. 90–91a ) and laterodistal process occupies 1/3 or more of distal segment length in lateral view ( Figs. 90–92b ), whereas in P. woytkowskii the tip of distal segment is projected distally into a long strap-like process, about as long as or longer than remainder of distal segment ( Figs. 94–96 ). Female of P. calverti shares an approximately triangular mesostigmal plate with posteroexternal corner tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum only with P. scintilla ( Figs. 51 ; 64 ). It can be distinguished from it by pronotum posterior lobe black with yellow lateral margins narrower than medial black, whereas in female of P. scintilla posterior lobe is mostly yellow with only a narrow medial area black, narrower than each lateral yellow area.

Habitat and biology. The type series was found at a small sluggish stream flowing in a mud bed through woods, males fluttering almost motionless near water’s surface, and females ovipositing in submerged leaves, bringing the abdomen almost directly beneath the wing bases ( Williamson 1915).

Distribution. Venezuela, Guianas, and N Brazil ( Fig. 124 ). Assessed as Least Concern by IUCN (von Ellenrieder 2009a).

Figures

FIGURES 5–8. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (5) P. calverti; (6) P. capillaris; (7) P.cara; (8) P.corculum.

FIGURES 9–12. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale).(9) P.cupida; (10) P. dunklei; (11) P.klugi; (l2) P.macintyrei.

FIGURES 1–4. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (1) P. ailsa; (2) P. amatoria; (3) P.aurantiaca; (4) P.caligata.

FIGURES 71–78. Genital ligula inectal (71–78a) and lateral (71–78b) views (to scale). (71) P.ailsa; (72) P.amatoria; (73) P. aurantiaca; (74) P.caligata; (75) P.calverti; (76) P.capillaris; (77) P.cara; (78) P.corculum. All by RWG.

FIGURES 100–102. Male caudal appendages in lateral (100–102a), posterodorsal (100–102b), and dorsal (100–102b) views (not to scale). (100) P.caligata; (101) P. calverti; (102) P.capillaris.

FIGURES 29–32. Female body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (29) P. calverti; (30) P.capillaris; (31) P.cara; (32) P.corculum. Insert in Fig. 29: posterior lobe of pronotum in dorsal view.

FIGURES 51–54. Female pronotum (54c) and mesostigmal plates (51–53; 54a, b), in lateral (51a; 52a; 53a; 54a), dorsal (51b; 52b; 53b; 54b, c), and dorsolateral (51c) views (to scale). (51) P. calverti; (52) P. capillaris; (53) P. cara; (54) P. corculum.

FIGURES 115–118. Male caudal appendages in lateral (115–117a), posterodorsal (115–117b), and dorsal (115–117b) views (not to scale). (115) P.sulfurata; (116) P. tenuis; (117) P.viridis; (118) P.woytkowskii.

FIGURES 85–91. Genital ligula in ectal (85–91a), lateral (85–91b), and entolateral (85c) views (to scale).(85) P. rojiza; (86) P. romanae; (87)P.sanguinipes; (88) P.scintilla; (89) P.sulfurata; (90–91) P.tenuis. All by RWG.

FIGURES 92–96. Genital ligula in ectal (92–96a), lateral (92–96b), and entolateral (93c) views (to scale). (92) P. tenuis; (93) P. viridis; (94) P. woytkowskii form a; (95) P. woytkowskiiform b; (96) P. woytkowskii form c. All by RWG.

FIGURES 64–70. Female pronotum (67a, c) and mesostigmal plates (64–66; 67b, d), in lateral (66a; 67a, b), dorsal (64; 65; 66b; 67c, d; 68–70) and dorsolateral (an) views (to scale). (64) P. scintilla; (65) P. sulfurata; (66) P. tenuis; (67) P. viridis; (68) P. woytkowskii form a; (69) P. woytkowskii form b; (70) P. woytkowskii form c.

FIGURES 123–124. Distribution maps.