Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis ( Mello-Leitao , 1919) Mello-Leitao, 1919

Lopes, Celine S. S., Ceriello, Hellen, Morandini, Andre C. & Stampar, Sergio N., 2019, Revision of the genus Ceriantheomorphe (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Ceriantharia) with description of a new species from the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic, ZooKeys 874, pp. 127-148 : 127

Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis ( Mello-Leitao, 1919) comb. nov. Fig. 1 A–C

Cerianthus brasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1919: 38-39.

Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis sensu Carlgren 1931: 2-6; Carlgren 1940: 6, 11-12; Carlgren and Hedgpeth 1952: 148, 169-170; Frey 1970: 309; Molodtsova 2009: 365-367; Stampar et al. 2010: 205-209; Silveira and Morandini 2011: 3; Rodriguez et al. 2011: 52, 54-55; Spier et al. 2012: 1-3; Stampar et al. 2012: 5-6, 9; Stampar et al. 2014a: 2, 5, 8; Stampar et al. 2014b: 344, 347, 351, 353; Stampar and Morandini 2014: 2; Vieira and Stampar 2014: 370; Stampar et al. 2015: 3; González-Muñoz et al. 2016: 5, 9; Stampar et al. 2016: 64, 67, 68.

Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (not) - Hedgpeth 1954: 286.

Material examined (16 specimens).

Holotype: MNRJ 200 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°49'6"S, 43°8'45"W), Mello-Leitão leg. ( Fig. 1 A–C ). Paratypes: MZSP 8470 • adult individual (9.3 cm long), Arraial do Cabo (near Farol Island, 18 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23°0'4"S, 42°0'29"W), S.N. Stampar leg. (20/i/2009); MZSP 8471 • adult individual (24 cm long), Araçá Beach (intertidal), São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil (23°48'58"S, 45°24'24"W), J.A. Petersen leg. (03/ii/1965); MZSP 8472 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), same locality data as for preceding; MZSP 8473 • juvenile individual, (8.5 cm long), Cagarras Islands (22 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23°1'55"S, 43°11'58"W), S.N. Stampar leg. (15/iv/2009); MZSP 8474 • adult individual (22.2 cm long), José Ignacio (27 km from the coast, 38 m depth), Maldonado, Uruguay (35°00'S, 54°24'2"W), F. Scarabino leg. (18/ix/2005); MZSP 8475 • adult individual (14.4 cm long), Canasvieiras Beach, Florianópolis (4 m depth), Santa Catarina, Brazil, (27°25'31"S, 48°27'0.2"W), S.N. Stampar leg. (21/i/2009) ( Fig. 2D ); UFRJ Biologia 0293 • adult individual (17 cm long), Camburi Beach, Espírito Santo, Brazil (20°16'39"S, 40°16'29"W), (18/viii/1989) ( Fig. 2A ); UFRJ Biologia 0337 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), same data as for preceding, (17/iv/1990) ( Fig. 2B ); UFRJ Biologia 2-141 • adult individual (22 cm long), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, A. Saldanha leg. (1966); UFRJ Biologia 2-086 • damaged adult individual, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (1959); UFRJ Biologia 2-11 • adult individual (10.9 cm long), Zimbro Beach, São Sebastião (4-6 m depth), São Paulo, Brazil, (23°49'27"S, 45°25'4"W), E.Q. Cez leg. (04/ix/1967); UFRJ Biologia 2-464 A • damaged individual, (34 m depth), La Paloma, Uruguay, (34°42'3''S, 54°0.5'W), Conversut I #4557 exped. (17/ix/77); UFRJ Biologia 2-464 • damaged individual, same data as for preceding specimen; MNRJ 2766 B • adult individual (14.5 cm long), Sabacu Island, Angra dos Reis (6 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23°0'43"S, 44°22'7"W), C.C. Ratto leg. (07/xii/1993); MNHN Montevideo I-1168 • adult individual (11 cm long), Rocha (6 km from the coast, in line of Santa Teresa Fortress, 18 m depth), Punta del Diabo, Uruguay (34°04'S, 53°29'W), Navio Hero (3A) exped. (21/vii/1972) ( Fig. 2C ).

Diagnosis.

Large cerianthid, 8.5-24 cm long and 1.5-13.8 cm wide. 132-392 marginal tentacles arranged in (1)1123.1123 and 108-384 labial tentacles arranged in (1)1122.1122 or (1)1123.1123. Pharynx occupies about 8-27% of total body length. Five pairs of protomesenteries, of which two pairs connected to the siphonoglyph, (directives and P2). Gastrovascular cavity takes up to 33-72% of total body length. All fertile mesenteries, except for directives. Number of mesenteries about 170-642. Directives mesenteries longer than protomesenteries P3, P5 and metamesenteries m, except by m of the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Protomesenteries (P2) longer than all mesenteries, extending up to the aboral pore ( Fig. 3 ). Protomesenteries (P3) shorter than protomesenteries (P4) and longer than protomesenteries (P5) and betamesenteries (B), except by B of the 1st and 2nd cycles. Protomesenteries (P4) longer than directive mesenteries, P5 and metamesenteries (m), except by m of the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Protomesenteries (P5) shorter than all others protomesenteries and metamesenteries M and m. Ratio of 1.2-3.1% between betamesenteries (B × b) and 1.1-3.1% between metamesenteries (M × m). Directive mesenteries, protomesenteries P3, P4 and P5 occupies about 36.6%, 12.2%, 38.8% and 11.1% of total gastrovascular cavity length, respectively, while protomesenteries P2 extend over 80%. Cnidome composed of spirocysts, microbasic b-mastigophores (six types), atrichous (two types), ptychocysts and holotrichous ( Fig. 5 A–J , Table 2 ).

Distribution.

Southwestern Atlantic-Brazil (from the State of Espírito Santo (20.5°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (33.7°S) State) and Uruguay (34°S). This species was only observed in shallow waters (1-40 m depth).

Description of holotype.

(MNRJ 200) ( Fig. 1 A–C ). Large ceriantharian, 16.5 cm long and 7.7-10.4 cm wide. 388 marginal tentacles (4.9 cm long in preserved specimen) and 312 labial tentacles (1.7 cm long in preserved specimen), both disposed in four cycles. Marginal tentacles arrangement: (1)1243.1243.1123.1123 …, labial tentacles arrangement: (1)1234.1122.1243.1243 … Small pharynx, 15% of total body length, well-marked siphonoglyph. Five pairs of protomesenteries, two of which connected to the siphonoglyph. Indistinct hyposulcus and hemisulci. With exception of short directives, all mesenteries are fertile. Long protomesenteries P2 extending up to the aboral pore and longer than metamesenteries all mesenteries. Arrangement of mesenteries is M,B,m,b ( Fig. 3 ). Mesenteric filaments of almost the same length of mesenteries. Craspedonemes only on initial part of gastrovascular cavity. Cnidome composed of spirocysts, microbasic b-mastigophores (two types), atrichous and ptychocyst.

Figures

Figure 1. Holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). A Specimen inside the tube B specimen without the tube C dissected specimen. Scale bars: 2 cm.

Figure 2. Dissected specimens of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis from southwestern Atlantic. A Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES) B specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES) C specimen MNHN Montevideo I- 1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay) D individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina.

Figure 3. Mesenteries arrangement of the holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). MT Marginal tentacles LT Labial tentacles M and m Metamesenteries B and b Betamesenteries.

Figure 5. Cnidome of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis. A Microbasic b-mastigophore type I B microba-sic b-mastigophore type II C Microbasic b-mastigophore type III D microbasic b-mastigophore type IV F microbasic b-mastigophore type VI G microbasic b-mastigophore type V H ptychocyst type I I atrichous type I J holotrich K ptychocyst type II. Scale bars: 15 µm.