Geodiidae Gray, 1867

Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland & Kelly, Michelle, 2021, New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands, Zootaxa 5012 (1), pp. 1-71 : 36

Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867

Genus Penares Gray, 1867

Diagnosis. Irregularly massive sponges, typically cream, grey, black or yellow in colour. Microspined microxeas and/or microrhabds are arranged more-or-less tangentially at the surface of the sponge, forming a crust. Megascleres are oxeas and short- to medium-shafted dicho-, ortho- or plagiotriaenes that form a layer under or above the cortex, cladomes uppermost. Oxeas are arranged more-or-less radially in the upper choanosome but are usually disorganised below the subectosome. Microscleres are smooth microxeas and/or blunt-ended microrhabds that may or may not be centrotylote; microspined or smooth euasters (oxyasters, tylasters), spherules and spherasters are sometimes present (from Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019).