Duplicaria Dall, 1908

Fedosov, Alexander E, Malcolm, Gavin, Terryn, Yves, Gorson, Juliette, Modica, Maria Vittoria, Holford, Mandë & Puillandre, Nicolas, 2019, Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea), Journal of Molluscan Studies The Malacological Society of London 85 (4), pp. 359-388 : 7-9

Genus Duplicaria Dall, 1908

( Fig. 3 A–E)

Synonyms: Diplomeriza Dall, 1919 (unnecessary new name for Duplicaria Dall, 1908 , treated by Dall as homonym of nonexistent ‘ Duplicaria Rafinesque, 1833 ’; type species Buccinum duplicatum Linnaeus, 1758 , by typification of replaced name); Myurellisca Bartsch 1923 , type species Myurella duplicatoides Bartsch, 1923, OD); Pervicacia Iredale, 1924 (type species Terebra ustulata Deshayes, 1857 , OD).

Type species: Buccinum duplicatum Linnaeus, 1758 ; OD.

Definition: Primarily defined based on phylogenetic analysis, including all species in clade F1 of Modica etal. (2019) and, in addition, species that show shell morphology, anatomical or genetic characteristics closely comparable with Duplicaria duplicata or any genetically proven member of genus.

Diagnosis. Diagnostic nucleotide combinations in Table 2 .

Shell: Elongate, small to large, 20–100 mm, with wide aperture, predominant axial sculpture, either continuous from suture to suture or interrupted by shallow to deep subsutural indentation. Spiral structure obsolete, sometimes microscopic striae or weak band joining nodes.

Anatomy: Rhynchodeal introvert small; salivary glands and radular sac present; radula of solid curved marginal teeth attached to strong membrane. Venom gland, proboscis and accessory proboscis structure absent.

Distribution: Tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, West Africa.

Remarks: According to shell morphology, three distinct clusters can be delineated:

Duplicaria duplicata group. Small to large shells, 25–100 mm; paucispiral protoconch; sculpture of strong axial ribs. Deep narrow spiral groove delineating distinct flattened subsutural band; no spiral sculpture. Whorl outline flattened, or shouldered due to elevated ribs below subsutural band.

Duplicaria tristis group. Small shells, 10–30 mm; paucispiral protoconch; sculpture of strong axial ribs, subsutural area weakly impressed.

Duplicaria tricincta group. Small shells, 10–25 mm; paucispiral protoconch; sculpture of strong spiral ribs. Amore convex shape with outline flattened due to elevation of ribs below subsutural area. Ribs weakening on mature whorls.

Included species:

Duplicaria albozonata (E. A. Smith, 1875) 2;

D. australis (E. A. Smith, 1873) 2;

D. badia (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

D. bernardii (Deshayes, 1857) 1;

D. brevicula (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

D. concolor (E. A. Smith, 1873) 2;

D. copula (Hinds, 1844) 2;

D. costellifera (Pease, 1869) 2;

D. crakei (Burch, 1965) 2;

D. duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1;

D. dussumierii (Kiener, 1839) 2;

D. evoluta (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

D. fictilis (Hinds, 1844) 2;

D. gemmulata (Kiener, 1839) 3;

D. helenae (Hinds, 1844) 3;

D. herberti n. sp. Malcolm, Terryn & Fedosov 1;

D. hiradoensis (Pilsbry, 1921) 2;

D. jukesi (Deshayes, 1857) 2;

D. juliae (Aubry, 1999) 2;

D. kieneri (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

D. kirai (Oyama, 1962) 2;

D. koreana (Yoo, 1976) 2;

D. morbida (Reeve, 1860) 2;

D. mozambiquensis Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 19821 ;

D. silvanae (Aubry, 1999) 3;

D. similis (E. A. Smith, 1873) 2;

D. sowerbyana (Deshayes, 1857) 2;

D. tricincta (E. A. Smith, 1877) 1;

D. tristis (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

D. ustulata (Deshayes, 1857) 2;

D. veronicae (Nicolay & Angioy, 1993) 2.

Figures

Figure 3. Subfamily Pervicaciinae A. Duplicaria duplicata, MNHN-IM-2009-29454, WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2011 Stn WB32, 33◦33'S, 115◦04'E, 5–15 m, 26.7 mm. B. Duplicaria tricincta, MNHN-IM-2013-5638, PAPUA NIUGINI Stn PD67, 05◦15.5'S, 145◦46.8'E, 2–6 m, 6.9 mm. C. Duplicaria tristis lectotype, NHMUK 1979115, ‘Seas of Japan’, 17.7 mm. D. Duplicaria brevicula, MNHN-IM-2013-66140, off Namibe, S Angola, 40–60 m, 12.9 mm. E. Duplicaria bernardi radula, MNHN-IM-2009-10908, Australia, 26◦56'607''S; 153◦23'813''E, shell broken. F. Terebra fuscobasis lectotype, NHMUK 1873.7.5.8/1, Persian Gulf, 11.3 mm. G. Terebra nassoides lectotype, NHMUK 1968251/1, Red Sea, 13.5 mm. H. Partecosta varia, MNHN-IM-2013-52342, ATIMO VATAE Stn TM27, 24◦56.4'S, 47◦06.9'E, 0–1 m, 10.4 mm. I. Partecosta sandrinae, MNHN-IM-2013-52359, INHACA 2011 Stn MM7 PL5, 26◦03.7'S, 32◦54.1'E, 0–1 m, 8.8 mm. J. Partecosta n. sp. aff fuscolutea radula, MNHN-IM-2009-10133, ATIMO VATAE Stn BS06, 25◦26.8'S, 44◦54.9'E, 0–27 m, 6.9 mm. K. Partecosta bozzettii n. sp. paratype, MNHN-IM-2009-10162, ATIMO VATAE Stn TP29, 25◦03.7–03.8'S, 46◦57.7'E, 3–4 m, 12.4 mm. L. Partecosta trilineata, MNHN-IM-2009-10164, ATIMO VATAE Stn TP24, 25◦03.7–03.8'S, 46◦57.6–57.7'E, 2–7 m, 8.2 mm. M. Partecosta macleani, MNHN-IM-2009-10115 ATIMO VATAE Stn TP19, 25◦04.4–04.7'S, 46◦55.3–56.3'E, 16–26 m, 8.9 mm. N, O. Partecosta macleani radula, MNHN-IM- 2009-10111, ATIMO VATAE Stn TP19, 25◦04.4–04.7'S, 46◦55.3–56.3'E, 16–26 m, 12 mm.

Tables

Table 2. Genera Duplicaria and Patecosta: diagnostic combinations of nucleotides in COI alignment.

Genus Duplicaria
Species/sequences analysed	6/13
Diagnostic nucleotides:	91: T, 328: A, 436: T, 478: T, 530: A
Genus Partecosta
Species/sequences analysed	8/17
Diagnostic nucleotides:	31: A, 37: A, 40: T, 55: T, 241: T, 328: T,
343: T, 364: T, 580: T, 604: A, 625: T