Symplocos panamensis McPherson (1988: 375)

Kelly, Lawrence M., Almeda, Frank & Fritsch, Peter W., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae), Phytotaxa 264 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

21. Symplocos panamensis McPherson (1988: 375) . Type:— PANAMA. Colón: Santa Rita Ridge , ca. 500 m, [09°20′N, 79°45′W], 16 February 1986, G. D. McPherson 8447 (holotype PMA-1192-n.v., online image!, isotypes BM-952630-n.v., online image [sheet 1 of 2]! and BM-952631-n.v., online image [sheet 2 of 2]!, CAS!, COL!, CR!, DUKE-n.v., online image!, K-644441-n.v., online image!, L-0537695-n.v., online image!, MEXU!, MICH-1192786- n.v., online image!, MO!, NY!, TEX-372472-n.v., online image!, US!, UTD)

Trees (2–) 8–20 m tall; juvenile branchlets sparsely to moderately sericeous or occasionally glabrous, trichomes mostly 0.2–0.3 mm long, yellow; vegetative buds usually densely sericeous at least proximally or occasionally glabrous. Petioles 0.7–1.8 cm long; leaf blades ± concolorous, elliptic, 7.5–20 × 2.7–7 cm, membranaceous, abaxially sparsely sericeous or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins not adaxially impressed, base obtuse to acute or attenuate, margins entire or serrate-denticulate distally, apex acuminate. Inflorescences condensed racemes 2–4.3 cm long, 3–7-flowered; peduncle absent; rachis 2–3 cm, sparsely sericeous, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long; bracts persistent, lanceolate ovate to ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–2 mm, sericeous, margins ciliate; bracteoles persistent, 3 or 4, lanceolate-ovate to ovate, 1–2 × 1–1.5 mm, sericeous, margins ciliate; pedicels absent. Hypanthium glabrous or sericeous. Calyx lobes 5, ovate, 1–2 × 1–2 mm, sericeous medially or occasionally glabrous, margins ciliate. Corolla white, 4–6-lobed, 10–13 mm long; tube 5–6 mm long; lobes adnate to filament tube for 6–7 mm, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, glabrous or rarely sparsely puberulent distally. Stamens 3–4-seriate; filament tube 9–10 mm distinct portions of filaments 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.75 mm. Disk pilose; style 7–10 mm long, sparsely pilose basally or occasionally

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KELLY ET AL.

nearly to apex; stigma conspicuously and irregularly lobed. Fruits green maturing to dark bluish purple, ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 cm, glabrous, apex rounded to base of slightly incurved calyx lobes; disk narrowly conical, apex partly visible, surpassed by calyx lobes; endocarp 3–4-locular, perimeter 3–4-fluted.

Vernacular name —None.

Illustration — McPherson (1988: 376).

Phenology —Flowering January, February, April through July, and September; fruiting June through February.

Distribution and habitat — Costa Rica and Panama, in tropical rain forests and cloud forests at 0–1400 m elev. Also in Colombia and Ecuador. Figure 27 .

Conservation status —Despite its limited range in Central America, this species is commonly collected and several of its known populations occur in protected areas in both Costa Rica and Panama. The species also occurs in Colombia and Ecuador but less is known about the extent of its distribution in those countries because few collections are available. We assign a classification of Least Concern (LC).

Discussion — Symplocos panamensis is one of the most commonly collected species of Symplocos in Panama and Costa Rica. It is most readily recognized by its large (2.5–3.5 cm long) fruits with an endocarp that is 3-fluted in cross section. It is also recognized by its chartaceous leaves, which are usually conspicuously undulate when dry, densely congested inflorescences, and glabrous to sparsely pubescent sepals and petals.

Additional specimens examined — COSTA RICA. Alajuela: R. B. Monteverde San Gerardo, Río Caño Negro , 1050 m, 10°23′N, 84°47′W, 20 October 1989, Bello C. 1407 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; R. B. Monteverde, Quebrada Celeste, Río Peñas Blancas, Campo 4, 900 m, 10°20′N, 84°41′W, 6 November 1989, Bello C. & Villegas 1461 (CAS!, MO!) ; Reserva Biólogica Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Campo 3, 900 m, 10°20′N, 84°42′W, 26 June 1989, Bello 1511 ( MO!) ; R. B. Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Finca de San Juan Cruz , 950–1000 m, 10°19′N, 84°04′W, 7 December 1989, Bello C. 1566 (CAS!, MO!) ; Reserva Forestal de Arenal Monteverde, Río Aguas Gatas, Finca Ulate , 1000 m, 10°21′N, 84°40′W, 29 January 1990, Bello C. 1874 ( MO!) ; R. B. Monteverde, Peñas Blancas river valley on Atlantic slope, 950–1100 m, 10°20′N, 84°45′W, 27 July 1986, Bello C. 5806 ( MO!) ; Cataratas de San Ramón , [10°05′N, 84°30′W], 20 February 1931, Brenes 13436 (CR!, F!, NY!) ; Reserva Forestal de San Ramón, San Ramón, ca. Palmareña , 900 m, [10°13′46″N, 12°38′51″W], 22 May 1986, Gómez L. 11170 (CAS!, F!) ; Cantón de Upala, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Gijagua , slope NW of Volcán Tenorio, 700–1000 m, 10°44′00″N, 85°03′00″W, 27 August 1994, Haber & Zuchowski 11848 (F!, MO!) ; Cantón de Upala, Bijagua , El Retiro, área que circunda la Laguna, 1000 m, 10°42′10″N, 85°02′40″W, 26 July 1993, Herrera et al. 6400 (F!, MO!) ; Alajuela, Reserva Biológica Alberto M. Brenes , 1030 m, 10°13′N, 846°36′W, (10°13′N, 84°36′W), 1 December 1999, Homeier 250 ( CAS!) ; vicinity of Los Angeles, 19 km N of Interamerican Hwy jct. in San Ramón, 3440 ft, [10°51′43″N, 84°53′24″W], 24 June 1973, Stone 3486 (CAS!, F!, MO!) ; entre Balso de San Ramón and the Río Cataratas , or ca. 12 km N of Balsa, 1150 m, 27 January 1976, Utley & Utley 3784 ( CAS!) . Alajuela-Puntarenas-Guanacaste border: Cordillera de Tilarán , 1520–1580 m, [10°18′N, 84°48′W], 29 November 1976, Dryer 1017 (F!, MO!) . Cartago: Monumento Nacional Guayabo Turrialba, Santa Teresita, sobre los ríos Guayabo , Lajas y Torito , 700–1800 m, 09°57′50″N, 83°41′30″W, 8 May 1992, Rivera 1710 (F!, MO!) . Guanacaste: Cantón de Tilarán, Río Chiquito, Dist. Quebrada Grande , 750 m, 10°25′N, 84°51′W, 10 June 1989, Bello C. 938 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; hills above village of Cabeceras , 9 km NW of Monteverde, 1200 m, 10°23′N, 84°53′W, 18 June 1986, Bello C. & Clagget 5282 ( MO!) ; Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Biológica Volcán Cacao, sendero a Casa Frank (después del derrumbe), 1200 m, 10°55′38″N, 85°29′11″W, 3 December 1989, Chávez & Blanco 13 (F!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) ; Monteverde , 1550 m, 10°48′N, 84°50′W, 12 July 1990, Gentry et al. 71544 ( MO!) ; Cantón de la Cruz, P. N. Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, sendero Los Memos , 700 m, 10°59′26″N, 85°25′40″W, 24 June 1996, González & R. Espinoza 1091 ( MO!) ; Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla , camino al E de la estación, 600 m, 11°02′N, 85°25.3′W, 24 May 1989, Hammel et al. 17387 (CAS!, MO!) ; Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Fila Orosilito , 400–1000 m, 11°02′N, 85°24′W, 14 June 1989, INBio 9 (CAS!, MO!) ; Cantón de La Cruz, Estación Pitilla, Cordillera de Guanacaste, 700–1000 m, 10°59′26″N, 85°25′40″W, 15 May 1991, Moraga 393 (F!, MO!) ; Cantón de La Cruz, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla Santa Cecilia 9 km S, 700 m, 10°59′26″N, 85°25′40″W, 8 January 1994, Moraga 587 (F!, MO!) . Heredia: Solano clearing and Río guacimo, La Selva Protection Zone , 450 m, [10°25′12″N, 84°01′12″W], 19 January 1983, Hartshorn 2556 (CAS!, MO!, NY!) . Limón: al puente sobre el Río Toro Amarillo , 5 km al SO de Guápiles, 300–400 m, [10°09′30″N, 83°48′16″W], 9 February 1965, Jiménez M. 2791 (F!) . Puntarenas: Cantón de Golfito, R. F. Golfo Dulce, Península de Osa, La Torre, cabeceras del Río Agujas , Finca de los Azofeifa, Puerto Jiménez, 300–400 m ,

A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SYMPLOCOS

Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 71 08°32′00″N, 83°26′00″W, 6 May 1993, Aguilar 1853 (F!, MO!) ; Cantón de Osa, Fila Costeña. Cerro Anguciana, cabeceras del Río Piedras Blancas , Fila Cruces , 900 m, 08°49′02″N, 83°11′23″W, 7 December 1993, Aguilar et al. 2690 (F!, MO!) ; Reserva Biológica Monteverde, Río Guacimal, Comunidad Reserva , 1500 m, 10°18′N, 84°48′W, 4 March 1990, Bello 2108 ( MO!) ; R. B. Monteverde, Río Veracruz , 1300 m, 10°16′N, 84°22′W, 4 May 1991, Bello C. et al. 2775 (CAS!, MO!) ; Cantón de Puntarenas, Cordillera de Tilarán, San Luis Abajo a Finca El Buen Amigo , 700–1100 m, 10°26′20″N, 84°49′30″W, 22 June 1993, Fuentes 378 ( MO!) ; Monteverde , 1450 m, [10°18′31″N, 84°48′27″W], 15 June 1979, Haber 343 (CAS!, MO!) ; Monteverde community on Pacific slope, 1400 m, 10°20′N, 84°50′W, 15 May 1986, Haber et al. 4952 (F!, MO!) ; Monteverde community, moist-wet forest on Pacific slope, 1400 m, 10°20′N, 84°50′W, 15 May 1986, Haber et al. 4971 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Monteverde Reserve and upper San Luis Valley below Monteverde , Pacific slope, 1000 m, 10°20′N, 84°50′W, 11 September 1986, Haber et al. 5604 (CAS!, MO!) ; Monteverde Cloud Forest reserve, Pacific slope, 1400 m, 10°20′N, 84°50′W, 13 October 1986, Haber ex Bello 5944 (CAS!, MO!, NY!) ; Monteverde community, Pacific slope, Smith farm, 1400 m, 10°18′N, 84°48′W, 8 July 1989, Haber 9278 (CAS!, F!, MO!) ; P. N. Corcovado, Sirena, Skyway Ollas , 1–20 m, 08°28′N, 83°35′W, 6 September 1989, Kernan 1248 (CAS-3!, MO!) ; Cantón de Parrita, faja costeña del valle de Parrita, Las Vegas, camino a El Carmen , 350 m, 09°35′35″N, 84°13′42″W, 18 July 1995, Morales & J. González 4545 (F!, MO!) ; above Wilson's finca, 6 km S of San Vito de Java, 5000 ft, [08°47′24″N, 82°57′W], 14 August 1967, Raven 21782 (CR!, F!, MO!, NY!) ; 1 mi S of San Vito de Java , 3500 ft, [08°48′N, 82°57′36″W], 18 August 1967, Raven 21915 (CR!, MO!, NY!) ; San Vito de Java , [08°49′18″N, 82°58′20″W], 13 August 1967, Salas M. 678 ( CR!) . San José: Tarrazú, Zona Protectora Cerro Nara , 1000 m, 09°29′40″N, 83°59′40″W, 15 May 1997, Estrada & J. Sánchez 817 ( MO!) .

PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: La Fortuna Dam area , N of dam, along continental divide trail W of Oleoducto Rd, 1200–1300 m, 08°47′N, 82°15′W, 11 February 1986, Hammel & McPherson 14451 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; vicinity of Cerro Colorado above San Felix, Chiriquí, along paths N from continental divide rd, 1400–1450 m, 08°35′N, 81°50′W, 7 July 1988, McPherson 12706 ( MO!) ; Chiriquí – Bocas del Toro border, vicinity of Cerro Colorado , along mining rd on divide, 1300–1400 m, 08°35′N, 81°50′W, 27 January 1989, McPherson 13647 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) . Chiriquí: vicinity of Fortuna Dam, along Quebrada Arena , just S of continental divide, 1050 m, 08°45′N, 82°15′W, 8 September 1987, McPherson 11696 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Bocas del Toro border, near Fortuna Dam , along continental divide trail, 1200–1300 m, 8°45′N, 82°15′W, 5 August 1988, McPherson 12826 (MEXU!, MO!, NY!) . Chiriquí / Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado , 1450 m, [08°32′N, 81°49′W], 27 January 1989, Almeda et al. 6427 (CAS!, COL!, CR!, INB!, MO!, NY!) . Darién: Coasi Cana Trail on Cerro Campamiento E of Tres Bocas, headwater of Río Coasi , [07°46′N, 77°47′W], 29 April 1968, Kirkbride, Jr. & Duke 1246 (MO!, NY!) . Coclé: Cerro Pilon, El Valle , 3000 ft, [08°38′16″N, 80°06′18″W], 4 January 1968, Duke & Lallathin 14971 ( MO!) .

Extralimital specimens — COLOMBIA. Chocó: A. Gentry & M. Fallen 17380 ( MO!) . ECUADOR. Azuay: L. Ortíz 226 ( MO!) .

Figures

FIGURE 27. Geographic distribution of Symplocos panamensis in Central America.