Panorpodes kuandianensis, Zhong, Zhang & Hua, 2011

Jiang, Lu & Hua, Bao-Zhen, 2015, Functional morphology of the larval mouthparts of Panorpodidae compared with Bittacidae and Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 15 (4), pp. 671-679 : 675-676

Mouthparts of P. kuandianensis

The labrum bears two pairs of prominent setae apically. The epipharynx is furnished with various types of sensilla arranged symmetrically ( Fig. 7a–c ), a pattern similar to those of B. planus and P. liui . The sensilla basiconica are remarkably prominent and exposed on the apical epipharynx, longer than most of the microtrichia. The microtrichia are relatively short and sparse, mostly present on the lateral part of the epipharynx, but absent on the central part and the basal triangular plate.

The mandible has two distal cusps on the incisor region and is remarkably glabrous on the molar region, without molar teeth or spines ( Fig. 7d–f ). The mandible has three long sensilla trichodea laterally and a hair brush tuft on the baso-mesal corner.

The maxilla bears eight sensilla chaetica on the ventral surface ( Fig. 8a ), arranged in a similar pattern but more prominent (longer than apical segment of the maxillary palp) than those of B. planus and P. liui . The galea bears a sensillum basiconicum apically ( Fig. 8b, c : sb), a palmate sensillum centrally ( Fig. 8b, d : ps), and a pair of sensilla campaniformia proximally on the dorsal surface ( Fig. 8b, e : sco). The lacinia is glabrous on the mesal surface ( Fig. 8b ). The maxillary palp bears 13 sensilla basiconica apically ( Fig. 8f ).

The labium is stout and bears a pair of two-segmented labial palpi with the two palpomeres equal in length ( Fig. 8a : lp). The labial palp has ten sensilla basiconica apically, eight normal and two papillary ones ( Fig. 8g ). The glabrous prementum is also mesally divided by the salivary orifice ( Fig. 8h : so).

Figures

Fig. 7 Mouthparts of Panorpodes kuandianensis. a Epipharynx. b Lateral palmate sensilla.c Basal protuberance.d–f Mandibles, dorsal and ventral views and the magnification of molar region, respectively. cd condyle, gg ginglymus, hb hair brush, ir incisor region, mr molar region, ps palmate sensillum, sb sensillum basiconicum, sp sensory protuberance

Fig. 8 Mouthparts of Panorpodes kuandianensis. a Mouthparts, ventral view. b Maxilla, dorsal view. c Sensillum basiconicum on maxilla. d Palmate sensillum on maxilla. e Sensilla campaniformia on maxilla. f Apex of maxillary palp. g Apex of labial palp. h Salivary orifice. cas cardo-stipes, ga galea, lp labial palp, mp maxillary palp, pm postmentum, prm prementum, ps palmate sensillum, sb sensillum basiconicum, sch sensillum chaeticum, sco sensillum campaniformium, so salivary orifice