Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu

Fu, Yue, Saether, Ole A. & Wang, Xinhua, 2012, A review of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), Zootaxa 3478, pp. 453-482 : 480-481

Key to Sino-Indian Region males of Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu

1. Inferior volsella bilobed................................................................................ 2

– Inferior volsella single-lobed............................................................................ 8

2. Abdominal tergites II–III, VI–VIII dark brown, other tergites yellowish; humeral pit absent; gonostylus slender, with very small crista dorsalis P. bicinctus sp. n.

– Abdominal tergites in the same color, humeral pit present; gonostylus with distinct crista dorsalis...................... 3

3. Scutellum with 26–30, 28 setae; setae on anterior margin of tergite V–VI clearly reduced; inferior volsella boxing glove shaped.................................................................................. P. caestus sp. n.

– Scutellum with less than 20 setae; setae on anterior margin of tergite V–VI not reduced; inferior volsella not boxing glove shaped.............................................................................................. 4

4. Femur of middle and hind legs dark brown in apical 1/3, other parts yellow; humeral pit reniform; palpomere 5th/3rd higher than 3.0; setae on tergites very short, posterior of tergites V–VII in pale coloration................. P. tridens Fu et Wang, 2008

– Legs unicolored, humeral pit not reniform; palpomere 5/3 lower than 2.0; setae on tergites long, posterior of tergites V–VII not in pale coloration 5

5. Dorsocentrals 33, and multiserial; superior volsella rounded and well developed, gonostylus with small triangular crista dorsa- lis...................................................................... P. yakukeleus Sasa et Suzuki, 2000a

– Dorsocentrals 12–26, and uniserial; superior volsella not developed; gonostylus with rounded crista dorsalis............. 6

6. AR about 0.9, dorsocentrals 26, apex of inferior volsella ring-like....................................................................................................................... P. tusimocedeus Sasa et Suzuki, 1999

– AR more than 1.0, dorsocentrals 12–18, apex of inferior volsella not ring-like...................................... 7

7. AR 1.6–2.0, 1.8; laterosternite IX with 6–8, 7 long setae; abdomen pilose; gonostylus with normal crista dorsalis, not expanded medially....................................................................... P. ater Wang et Zheng, 1990

– AR 1.05–1.26, laterosternite IX with 3 long setae; chaetotaxy of abdomen reduced; gonostylus medially expanded, with well developed rounded crista dorsalis....................................................... P. tamaater Sasa, 1981

8. Palp with only 3 palpomeres............................................................... P. ternarius sp. n.

– Palp with 5 palpomeres................................................................................. 9

9. Apex of inferior volsella rounded....................................................................... 10

– Apex of inferior volsella not rounded.................................................................... 13

10. AR nearly 3.0....................................................................................... 11

– AR lower than 0.5................................................................................... 12

11. Hind tibia with three spurs and without normal comb; inferior volsella without semitransparent margins; gonostylus straight, apically expanded P. c o m p t u s sp. n.

– Hind tibia with two spurs and with normal comb; inferior volsella with semitransparent margins; gonostylus apical hooked, medially expanded....................................................... P. mongolseteus Sasa et Suzuki, 1997

12. Gonostylus with small triangular crista dorsalis; corner of inferior volsella right-angled, with 6–7 long setae................................................................................................ P. unabrevis Sasa, 1996

– Gonostylus with high triangular crista dorsalis; corner of inferior volsella rounded, without long setae...................................................................................... P. tobanonadecimus Kikuchi et Sasa, 1990

13. Apex of inferior volsella hook-shaped.................................................................... 14

– Apex of inferior volsella not hook-shaped................................................................. 15

14. Inferior volsella basally narrowed, protruding in medial direction, strongly hooked medially; gonostylus slightly expanded on basal 1/4, with nearly rounded crista dorsalis.................................................. P. aduncus sp. n.

– Inferior volsella basally broad, not protruding in medial direction, apically hooked; gonostylus not expanded on basal 1/4, with small triangular crista dorsalis................................................. P. hamatus Wang et Zheng, 1990

15. Inferior volsella strongly downwards curved............................................................... 16

– Inferior volsella straight or slightly curved................................................................. 17

16. Inferior volsella apical pointed, digitiform.............................................. P. guidalii Rossaro, 1990

– Inferior volsella un-artificially folded near medial apex............................... P. pierfrancescoi Rossaro, 1990

17. Inferior volsella wide and rectangular, anterior and posterior margins parallel............... P. lanzavechiai Rossaro, 1990

– Inferior volsella narrow and more or less triangular or sagittiform, anterior and posterior margins not parallel........... 18

18. Inferior volsella arrow-shaped, pointing downwards; gonostylus with pointed triangular crista dorsalis... P. sagittarius sp. n.

– Inferior volsella nearly triangular, pointing medially, gonostylus with triangular or slightly rounded crista dorsalis........ 19

19. AR 0.62, row of basal setae of abdominal tergites absent.............................. P. brevicornis Hirvenoja, 1986

– AR> 0.77, row of basal setae of abdominal tergites present................................................... 20

20. AR usually less than 1.0; humeral pit scarcely present, inferior volsella higher, and not distinctly mediad extended.................................................................................... P. skirwithensis ( Edwards 1929)

– AR usually more than 1.0; humeral pit strongly developed, inferior volsella lower, and distinctly extended mediad....... 21

21. Inferior volsella posteriorly relatively hooked, with notched margin.......................... P. pretorianus (Freeman)

– Inferior volsella posteriorly relatively straight, with flat margin........................... P. rufiventris ( Meigen,1830)