Listroderini LeConte, 1876, 1849

Morrone, Juan J., 2013, The subtribes and genera of the tribe Listroderini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cyclominae): Phylogenetic analysis with systematic and biogeographical accounts, ZooKeys 273, pp. 15-71 : 20

Tribe Listroderini LeConte, 1876 Figs 18 -35

Listroderi LeConte, 1876: 124.

Listroderitos Germain, 1895: 287.

Listroderina Champion, 1902: 120.

Listroderini Hustache, 1926: 175.

Listroderinae Thompson, 1992: 876.

Type genus.

Listroderes Schönherr, 1826.

Diagnosis.

Very small to very large (1.0-22.8 mm); integument reddish brown (black in Acrostomus ); vestiture consisting mostly of dense scales and setae (rarely only scales or setae), setae on rostrum and pronotum directed anteriad or mesad, on elytra posteriad; rostrum stout and very short to slender, as long as or longer than pronotum; scrobes usually lateral; epistome poorly demarcated, rarely raised ( Acrostomus ); eyes usually large, flat, transverse or subcircular; mandibles with two apical cusps and paucisetose (1-4 setae); antennae with funicle 7-segmented, segments 1 and usually 2 elongate, clubs fusiform or inflated; prothorax with or without postocular lobes; prosternum long, non-excavate; elytra oblong-oval, elongate-oval or subrectangular; tibiae mucronate, generally with spurs (when present pro- and mesotibiae with 1 spur and metatibiae with 1-2 spurs); claws divaricate, simple or with slight basal swelling; aedeagus with tegmen lacking parameres (reduced in Methypora ); distal gonocoxites membranous, generally simple, with large, apical or subapical stylus carrying a tuft of setae, but occasionally without stylus and apex of gonocoxite flattened and bent outwards.

Comparative notes.

Listroderini were formerly considered as related to Rhythirrinini ( Kuschel 1971; Anderson and Morrone 1996; Morrone 1997a, b, 2002a; Anderson 2002). Oberprieler (2010, in press) considered Notiomimetini to be close relatives of Listroderini , although he suggested that more detailed studies would be required to decide whether they should be merged into a single tribe or not. Based on the results of this analysis, Listroderini and Notiomimetini (Aphela) are hypothesized to be sister tribes.

Biology.

Larvae of Listroderini are generally oligophagous ectophytic root-feeders ( Oberprieler in press). Adults feed on the leaves of a variety of angiosperms ( Morrone 2011).

Key to the subtribes of Listroderini

1	Rostrum slender, as long as or longer than pronotum (except shorter than pronotum in some species of Listronotus ); scrobes long, sharply bordered, reaching eyes; funicular segment 1 usually subequal to or shorter than 2; commonly associated with aquatic or semiaquatic plants	Palaechthina
-	Rostrum stout or relatively stout, shorter than pronotum; scrobes usually short, ill-defined, broad; funicular segment 1 longer than 2; associated to terrestrial plants	2
2	Rostral dorsal carinae usually absent; pterygia auriculate, exposed ( Fig. 5 )	Falklandiina
-	Rostral dorsal carinae present; pterygia simple, not exposed ( Fig. 6 )	3
3	Scrobes short, ill-defined, broad, lacking suprascrobal keel; elytra with intervals convex, with anteapical tubercle (except for Rupanius )	Listroderina
-	Scrobes long, deep, sharply bordered, reaching eyes, with suprascrobal keel; elytra with intervals usually flat, lacking anteapical tubercle	Macrostyphlina

Figures

Figures 18 - 26. Habitus of representative Listroderini. 18 Adioristidius hirsutus 19 Puranius nigrinus 20 Haversiella albolimbata 21 Listronotus bosqi 22 Neopachytychius squamosus 23 Falklandiellus suffodens 24 Falklandiopsis magellanica 25 Falklandius antarcticus 26 Gromilus veneris.

Figures 27 - 35. Habitus of representative Listroderini. 27 Lanteriella microphtalma 28 Telurus caudiculatus 29 Acrorius papallacta 30 Acrostomus bruchi 31 Antarctobius lacunosus 32 Germainiellus dentipennis 33 Lamiarhinus aelficus 34 Listroderes annulipes 35 Philippius superbus.

Figures 1 - 12. Some of the characters analysed. 1 Seta-like scales 2 subcircular scales 3 lanceolate scales 4 scales with finger-like processes 5, 6, 8 face and rostrum, dorsal view 7 face and rostrum, lateral view 8, 9 elytra, dorsal view 11, 12 tarsomere 3, ventral view. 1, 5 Falklandius antarcticus; 2, 8, 11 Falklandiellus suffodens; 3 Hyperoides subcinctus; 4, 12 Philippius superbus; 6, 7, 10 Listroderes costirostris; 9 Lamiarhinus aelficus.