Platydoris angustipes ( Moerch , 1863)

Lima, Patricia O. V. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2018, Revision of Platydoris angustipes and description of a new species of Platydoris (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from southeastern Brazil based on comparative morphology, Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1), pp. 1-15 : 1-3

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.14959
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scientific name	Platydoris angustipes ( Moerch , 1863)
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Platydoris angustipes ( Moerch, 1863) Figures 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6

Doris (Argus) angustipes Mörch, 1863: 32

Platydoris angustipes var. alaleta Bergh, 1877: 505, pl. 58, figs. 13-18.

Platydoris rubra White, 1952: 118, fig. 17, pl. 6, fig. 6.

Platydoris angustipes : Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus 1967: 93, fig. 112; Er. Marcus and Ev. Marcus 1970: 67, fig. 121; Meyer 1977: 301; Humann 1992: 243; Dorgan et al. 2002: 282, figs. 1B, 2B, 11-13; Valdés et al. 2006: 182; Debelius and Kuiter 2007: 245; Camacho-García et al. 2014: 121; Goodheart et al. 2016: 9, fig.4f.

Type locality.

St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands.

Redescription.

External morphology (Figure 1A-E View Figure 1 ): Size ~25 mm length, ~20 mm width. Body dorsoventrally flattened and wide (Fig. 1A, B View Figure 1 ). Foot not exceeding notum (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ). Rhinophores with ~19 transverse lamellae, rhinophoral sheaths with small lobes (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ). Gill composed of six tripinnate branchial leaves, arranged in branched fashion with anus in middle of rachis; branchial sheaths also with small lobes (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ). Mouth opens in anterior ventral region, between anterior region of notum and foot. Digitiform tentacles present. Anterior border of foot bilabiate, with longitudinal groove (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ).

Haemocoel organs (Figure 2A-B View Figure 2 ): Pericardium and posterior half of visceral mass occupying ~15% of haemocoel volume. Buccal mass located anteriorly, occupying ~10% of haemocoel volume. Nervous system positioned dorsally in relation to buccal mass, covered by blood gland, occupying ~5% of haemocoel volume. Reproductive system on right side of animal, occupying ~25% of haemocoel volume. Stomach on left side of animal, intestine with small curve on its anterior portion; digestive gland system occupying ~45% of haemocoel volume.

Circulatory and excretory systems (Figures 1D, E View Figure 1 ; 2A-C View Figure 2 ): Pericardial cavity dorsal, located posteriorly to digestive gland and anteriorly to gill circle (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ). Afferent and efferent branches located inside each gill filament, flowing from and to afferent and efferent branchial veins, respectively (Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ). Gill retractor muscle split, originating from base of gill circle, running longitudinally up to half of foot, inserting into dorsal surface of foot (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Auricle funnel-like (wider anteriorly), with thin walls. Ventricle slightly taller than wide, with thick muscular walls (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ). Aortic trunk branches very close to ventricle; anterior artery irrigates reproductive system, buccal mass, odontophore and nervous system posterior artery irrigates stomach and digestive gland (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ). Renal vesicle located on dorsal right side of pericardium, near the base of auricle, connecting to inner surface of pericardium, ~1/6 of ventricle size (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ). Renal chamber extending from dorsal to medial sinus, anteriorly connected to renal vesicle, extending posteriorly to center of gill circle (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ). Nephrostome readily visible. Blood gland clearly divided in anterior and posterior portions (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ).

Digestive system (Figures 1E View Figure 1 ; 2A-B, D-E View Figure 2 ; 3A-E View Figure 3 ; 6A-C View Figure 6 ): Oral tube composed of outer and inner lips, with thick transversal fold; mt, three long pairs of retractor muscles of buccal mass, originating on oral tube and running dorsally and ventrally along it; inserting in the side of the body; about four times as wide and three times as long as m10 (Fig. 2D, E View Figure 2 ). Odontophore oval, connected to oral tube by pair of ventral protractor muscles (m10); thin longitudinal dorsal and ventrolateral protractors of oral sphincter originating in anterior region of odontophore and inserted in posterior region of integument, close to oral tube (Figs 2E View Figure 2 ; 3C View Figure 3 ). Oral sphincter surrounding chitinous part of oral tube (Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ). Odontophore muscles: m2, pair of strong buccal mass retractor muscles, four times longer than wide, originating on anterior dorsal odontophore, running laterally to m4 and inserted ventrally in dorsal portion of foot, bifurcate on insertion (Fig. 3B-D View Figure 3 ); m4, pair of strong and broad dorsal tensor muscles, as long as wide, covering ~2/3 of cartilage, inserted in ventral portion of subradular membrane (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ); m5, pair of dorsal auxiliary tensor muscles, twice as long as wide, originating on posteriormost region of odontophore cartilage, covering ~1/3 of posterior cavity of odontophore, as long as m4, but with ~1/3 of its width, inserting in ventral side of subradular membrane around radular sac (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ); m6, unpaired horizontal muscle, with transversal fibers connecting to median surface of left and right odontophore cartilages, about same length and half as wide as m4, posterior portion as wide as anterior portion (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ); m7, pair of thin and narrow muscles, originating on inner surface of odontophore cartilages, running together posteriorly, inserting into radular sac (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ); m9, unpaired and horizontal muscle, originating on posterior portion of m4, connecting of the two components of the m4 pair (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ). Pair of odontophore cartilages elliptical, occupying ~2/5 of odontophore volume (Fig. 3D, E View Figure 3 ). Subradular membrane thin, strong, translucent. Radular sac ~1/4 as large as odontophore. Radular teeth (Fig. 6A-C View Figure 6 ): rachidian teeth absent; formula 42 x 62.0.62 (in 25 mm long specimen, CASIZ 76667). Each lateral tooth with broad base, tapering towards apex, hook-shaped, with single terminal cusp; two outermost teeth spatulate. Pair of salivary glands long, tubular; duct inserting in anterior region of esophagus, extending posteriorly to ventral middle region of digestive gland (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Esophagus simple, originating dorsally to odontophore, inserting directly in anterior region of stomach; internal longitudinal folds with same diameter along entire length (Figs 2D, E View Figure 2 ; 3A View Figure 3 ). Stomach oval, occupying ~30% of visceral mass volume, with folds at the center of entire inner surface (Figs 2A View Figure 2 ; 3A View Figure 3 ). Common opening for esophagus and stomach located on digestive gland. Intestine with longitudinal folds along its entire length; diameter ~1/2 that of esophagus and more uniform than it (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ). Digestive gland dark beige, cone-shaped; largest organ of visceral mass, occupying ~40% of its volume; anterior portion about twice as wide as posterior portion; inner surface of gland sponge-like, bearing two distinct main ducts (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ). Anus opening into anal papilla in the center of gill circle, ~1/4 of gill filament length (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ).

Genital system (Figure 1B View Figure 1 ; 2B View Figure 2 ; 4A-E View Figure 4 ): Located between buccal mass and digestive gland, mostly dorsally-positioned on right side of animal (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Genital opening on ventral right side, on anterior third of animal, located between foot and notum (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ). Gonad immersed in digestive gland, difficult to distinguish from it. Hermaphrodite duct thin, long. Ampulla located on female gland, elongated and tubular. Prostate rounded, glandular, connected with female gland duct, ~1/3 of ampulla length (Fig. 4A, D View Figure 4 ). Vas deferens short, ~1/5 of ampulla (Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ). Penis’ muscle absent. Penis muscular, cylindrical and elongated, about three times longer than prostate; thin folds on internal surface, with cartilage between them and three small tubercles each with a central spine (Fig. 4D, E View Figure 4 ). Female gland well-developed, rounded, occupying ~1/5% of reproductive system volume; divided into mucus gland (~2/3 of female gland, color beige) and albumen gland (~1/3 of anteriormost region, dilated, irregularly shaped, color dark brown) (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Oviduct occupying ~1/2 of female gland’s volume (Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Uterine duct thin, relatively short, ~1/7 of vagina length; located on the base of seminal receptacle, inserted in female gland near oviduct (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Seminal receptacle rounded, as large as bursa copulatrix, ~1/3 of vagina length; connected to bursa copulatrix through stalk with ~1/2 of vagina length (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Bursa copulatrix rounded, ~1/3 of vagina length, connected directly to vagina (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Vagina cylindrical, elongated, approximately as long as and twice as wide as penis; internal surface with cartilage between folds and five large tubercles each with a central spine; located dorsally in relation to prostate and parallel to penis in genital opening (Fig. 4 A-C View Figure 4 ).

Nervous system (Figure 5A-C View Figure 5 ): Located dorsally in relation to odontophore, mostly covered by blood gland. Pair of cerebral and pleural ganglia fused with one another. Pedal ganglia ventrally fused with cerebral and pleural ganglia, but not fused between themselves. Pedal commissure simple, broad and short, surrounding esophagus and salivary glands (Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ). Buccal ganglia short, located ventrally to odontophore between radular sac and anterior portion of esophagus, connected to cerebral ganglia through long and slender connective tissue, united to gastro-esophageal ganglia by short connective tissue. Gastro-esophageal ganglia circular, ~1/4 of buccal ganglia length (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ). Rhinophoral (olfactory) ganglia inconspicuous. Dorsal eyes located on cerebral ganglia (Fig. 5A View Figure 5 ).

Distribution.

United States of America (Florida and Virgin Islands) ( Marcus and Marcus 1967; Marcus and Marcus 1970); Cuba (Guanahacabibes Peninsula) ( Espinosa et al. 2012); Cayman Islands ( Hess et al. 1994); Panama (Bocas del Toro) ( Goodheart et al. 2016); Jamaica ( Marcus and Marcus 1970); Curaçao ( Marcus and Marcus 1970); Trinidad & Tobago ( White 1952); Ascension Island ( Padula et al. 2017).

Habitat.

On reefs, tide pools, from 0 to 73 m depth.

Material examined.

CARRIBEAN SEA, West Indies , Lesser Antilles , Martinique , cliffs S of St. Pierre, CASIZ 76667, 1 specimen ( William Liltved on “Gloriamaris”, 28/ix/1986, 10- 85ft - Liltved - West Indies Cruise 1986); HONDURAS, MZSP 75996, 1 specimen (Col. Marcus, P-938); Saint Thomas, ZMUC-GAS 1505, 1 specimen (Riise 152 - Holotype of Doris angustipes ); Saint Croix, Virgin Island, ZMUC-GAS 2020, 1 specimen (Riise 1860 - Holotype of Platydoris angustipes alaleta ) .