Gymnoclasiopa argyrostoma (Cresson)

Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2012, A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae), ZooKeys 248, pp. 1-69 : 6-15

Gymnoclasiopa argyrostoma (Cresson) Figs 1-16

Discocerina argyrostoma Cresson 1916: 149.

Ditrichophora argyrostoma . Cresson 1942: 121 [generic combination]; 1944: 161 [synonymy]. Wirth and Stone 1956: 467 [key, California]. Wirth 1965: 739 [Nearctic catalog]. Cole 1969: 398 [fauna, western North America]. Zack 1983: 216 [ecology].

Gymnoclasiopa argyrostoma . Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 174-175 [generic combination; world catalog].

Discocerina aliena Cole and Lovett 1921: 334 [nomen nudum].

Discocerina aliena Cresson 1922: 137. Cresson 1944: 161 [synonymy].

Ditrichophora aliena . Cresson 1924: 159 [generic combination].

Diagnosis.

This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Moderately small to medium-sized shore flies, body length 2.10-3.25 mm; generally shiny black. Head: Frons blackish, moderately microtomentose gray; mesofrons narrowly triangular. Antenna black, basal flagellomere covered with silver microtomentum; arista with 4-6 dorsally branching rays. Face relatively flat with antennal grooves mostly inconspicuous, very shallow; facial microtomentum silvery white, sericeous; gena moderately high, genal height subequal to height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.12-0.20. Maxillary palpus black. Thorax: Generally subshiny to mostly shiny, only very sparsely microtomentose dorsally. Wing hyaline; costal vein ratio 0.34-0.40; M vein ratio 0.58-0.60; halter stem blackish brown; knob yellowish to whitish. Coxae, femora, and tibiae black, midtibia with some grayish microtomentum from some angles; male forebasitarsomere black; female forebasitarsomere at least yellowish basally, becoming darker apically; basal tarsomeres of mid- and hindtarsi yellow, contrasted distinctly with black male forebasitarsomere. Abdomen: Dorsum generally subshiny to mostly shiny, with only sparse microtomentum dorsally. Male terminalia (Figs 1-15): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 1) as a broadly rounded, inverted U, width of dorsal portion slightly narrower than lateral arms, lateral arms shallowly arched, in lateral view wider ventrally; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 1) semilunate, narrower dorsally than ventrally; aedeagus in lateral view (Figs 3, 12) slipper-like, base deeply and unevenly incised, posterior arm of folded over at right angle, tapered toward apex, apex moderately narrowly rounded, in ventral view (Figs 2, 6) expanded laterally from narrow base to wider apex, apical margin bilobed, narrowly incised medially, each lateral lobe as wide as aedeagal base, with thin, wing-like, narrow projections sub-basally; phallapodeme in lateral view (Figs 3, 9) more or less triangular, in ventral view (Figs 2, 8) longer than wide, bar-like with basal, sub-basal and apical crossbars, apical margin shallowly emarginate; ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view (Figs 3, 11) L-shaped, in ventral view (Figs 2, 7) peanut-like; postgonite in lateral view (Figs 3, 13) acutely pointed basally, thereafter becoming wider then apex narrowed, digitiform, bearing 2-3 setulae along basoposterior margin and 1 setula along margin toward hypandrium; pregonite in lateral view (Figs 3-4) moderately elongate, tapered, narrowed toward hypandrium, expanded toward aedeagus, aedeagal end truncate; hypandrium in ventral view (Figs 2, 14) wide, width nearly twice length, broadly and shallowly rounded along anterior margin with anterolateral, pointed, lateral projections, shallowly emarginate along posterior margin medially, in lateral view (Figs 3, 15) arched, posterior angle acute, thereafter anteriorly becoming wider, widest before anterior margin.

Type material.

The holotype male of Discocerina argyrostoma Cresson is labeled "Berkeley Hills[,] Alameda Co.[,] IV,11.'08. Cal/♂/TYPE No. 6102 Discocerina ARGYROSTOMA E. T. Cresson, Jr, [red; species number and name handwritten]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a rectangular card), is in poor condition (head and wings missing), and is deposited in the ANSP (6102).

The holotype male of Discocerina aliena Cresson is labeled "♂/Berkeley[,] Alameda Co, 2·23·08[,] Cal/TYPE No. 6347/Holo-TYPE Discocerina ALIENA E T Cresson Jr [red; species number and name handwritten]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a rectangular block of cord), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the ANSP (6347).

Type locality.

United States. California. Alameda: Berkeley (37°52.3'N, 122°16.4'W).

Other specimens examined. Nearctic. CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Coldwater River, Merritt (50°06.8'N, 120°47.5'W; 598 m), 6 Aug 1986, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Creek below Bridal Veil Falls, SW Hope (49°21.3'N, 121°36.4'W), 18 Aug 1986, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Hope, Lake of the Woods Picnic area (49°23.1'N, 121°26.5'W), 12 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Manning Provincial Park, Similkameen River, near road to Lightning Lake Campground (49°00'N, 119°42'W), 4 Aug 1986, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (9♂, 6♀; CAS). Pritchard (50°41.2'N, 119°49.1'W), 13 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂, 4♀; CAS). Wasa Lake (49°47'N, 115°44'W), 17 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (3♂, 12♀; CAS).

MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA. San Pedro Martir, La Grulla (30°46.3'N, 115°13.6'W; 2105 m), 12 Jun 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (4♂, 1♀; CAS).

UNITED STATES. ALASKA. Valdez-Cordova (Census Area): Chitina (61°30.9'N, 144°26.2'W), 18 Jun 1953, W. C. Frohne (1♀; WSU).

ARIZONA. Cochise: Rustler Park (31°54.2'N, 109°16.5'W), 27 Aug 1953, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Coconino: Oak Creek, 18 km N Sedona (35°N, 111°44.3'W), 13 Apr 2003, T. Zatwarnicki, W. N. Mathis (10♂, 4♀; USNM). Gila: Globe (33°23.7'N, 110°47.2'W), 13 Apr 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Graham: Pinaleno Mountains, Shannon Campground (16 km SE Junction Martijilda Creek; 32°37.5'N, 109°52.5'W; 2774 m), 28 May 1993, J. Gelhaus (1♂; ANSP). Navajo: Kayenta (36°44.4'N, 110°14.4'W), 14 Apr 2003, T. Zatwarnicki, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM). Pima: Tucson, Saguaro National Park (32°16.7'N, 111°10.9'W), 10 Apr 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; ANSP). Yavapai: Sedona (34°49.6'N, 111°48.3'W), 13 Apr 2003, T. Zatwarnicki, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM).

CALIFORNIA. Alameda: Berkeley (37°52.3'N, 122°16.4'W), 21 Mar 1965, B. A. McKinley (1♂; CAS); Berkeley Hills (37°53'N, 122°14.3'W), 8 Mar 1908 (7♂, 1♀; ANSP). Del Norte: Gasquet (16 km W; 41°50.3'N, 124°02.1'W), 28 Jun 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Panther Flat, Middle Fork Smith River (41°50.6'N, 123°56'W), 3 Jun 2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (15♂, 9♀; USNM); Wilson Creek (41°36.2'N, 124°06'W; beach), 2 Jun 2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). El Dorado: Fallen Leaf, Lake Tahoe (38°52.8'N, 120°04.3'W), 13 Jun 1916 (1♂; ANSP); Latrobe (3.2 km SW; 38°33.6'N, 120°59'W), 19 Feb 1974, S. Kuba (1♂; CAS). Lassen: Nubieber (4.8 km SW; 41°05.7'N, 121°11'W), 5 Apr 1959, M. T. James, LaMar (1♀; WSU). Los Angeles: Angeles Crest Highway, Arroyo Seco, Switzer Station (34°04.7'N, 118°13.6'W; 1000 m), 29 Jun 1977, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS); Los Angeles (34°03.1'N, 118°14.6'W), 26 Feb 1915, M. C. Van Duzee (1♂, 1♀; CAS); Los Cerritos (33°50.8'N, 118°09.7'W), 21 Mar 1915, M. C. Van Duzee (1♀; CAS); Pasadena (34°09.6'N, 118°01.4'W), 17 Jan 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (3♂, 1♀; USNM). Madera: Mark Mine, meadow near locked gate (Green Mountain; 37°34.1'N, 119°14.8'W; 2315 m), 20 Aug 1971, H. B. Leech (1♂; CAS). Marin: Novato, San Jose Creek (38°06.5'N, 122°34.2'W; 55 m), 18 Mar 1973, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS); Samuel P. Taylor State Park (38°01.6'N, 122°43.7'W), 8 May 1949, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS); Mill Valley (37°54.4'N, 122°32.7'W), 28 Feb 1924, M. C. Van Duzee (2♂; CAS). Mendocino: Russian River, near Hopland (38°58.4'N, 123°07'W), 4 May 1968, W. J. Turner (2♂; WSU). Modoc: Alturas (41°29.2'N, 120°32.6'W), 15 May 1948, W. W. Wirth (1♂, 1♀; CAS); Cedar Pass Campground (41°33.6'N, 120°17.6'W; 550 m), 11 Aug 1967, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂, 1♀; CAS). Fresno: Lake Thomas A. Edison (37°22.2'N, 118°59.2'W; 725 m), 7 Aug 1975, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Marin: Lagunitas Canyon (38°01'N, 122°44'W), 29 Mar 1908 (2♂, 3♀; ANSP). Mariposa: Yosemite (37°46.2'N, 119°30.6'W), 15-22 May 1908, 1916 (4♂, 5♀; ANSP). Mono: Leavitt Meadow (38°19'N, 119°33.1'W; 2195 m), 12 Aug 1963, H. B. Leech (1♂; CAS). Monterey: Paraiso Hot Springs (13 km SW Soledad; 36°19.8'N, 121°22.1'W; 400 m), 27 May 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Nevada: Donner Summit (39°19.6'N, 120°23.6'W; 2200 m), 9 Sep 1977, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂, 1♀; CAS); Truckee (39°19.7'N, 120°11'W), 6 Jul 1927, E. P. Van Duzee (1♂, 1♀; CAS). Orange: Lower Santa Ana Canyon, Green River Camp (33°51.4'N, 117°49.1'W), 9 May 1933, E. P. Van Duzee (2♀; CAS); San Juan Capistrano Hot Spring (33°30'N, 117°39.8'W), 25 Jan 1935, A. L. Melander (1♀; WSU). Placer: N side Folsom Lake, Granite Bay (38°45.8'N, 121°09.8'W; Malaise trap), 26 Mar-4 Apr 1981, S. Kuba (1♂, 1♀; CAS). Riverside: Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, Palm Canyon (33°47'N, 116°32'W), 25 Feb 1970, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS); Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs (33°45.7'N, 116°32.2'W), 18 Jan-25 Feb 1935, 1954, P. H. Arnaud, Jr., A. L. Melander (5♂, 6♀; ANSP, CAS); Riverside (33°57.2'N, 117°23.8'W), 2 May 1935, A. L. Melander (2♂, 2♀; ANSP). San Bernardino: Big Bear Lake (34°14.6'N, 116°54.7'W), 24 May 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; USNM); China Ranch (35°48.1'N, 116°11.7'W; 380 m), 31 Mar 2005, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂, 4♀; USNM); Forest Home (34°05.6'N, 116°55.8'W), 25 May 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; WSU). San Diego: Alpine (32 °50.1'N, 116°46'W), 8 Apr 1915, M. C. Van Duzee (1♂, 1♀; CAS); Palomar Observatory Campground (33°21.3'N, 116°51.7'W; 1524 m), 26 Jun 1968, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). San Francisco: Lake Merced (37°43.3'N, 122°29.7'W), 20 Mar 1966, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♀; CAS). San Mateo: Stanford University (37°24'N, 122°14.5'W), 14 Feb 2006, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (4♂, 5♀; USNM). Shasta: Old Boundary Campground (40°31.4'N, 121°28.8'W), 29 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂, 1♀; CAS); Honn Creek Campground (29 km SE Hat Creek; 40°46.8'N, 121°30.1'W), 30 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂, 1♀; CAS); Manzanita Lake, Mount Lassen National Park (40°32.1'N, 121°34.1'W), 6 Jun 1991, J. P. Pishe (1♀; CAS). Siskiyou: Poker Flat (34 km NW Happy Camp; 41°55.9'N, 123°32.8'W; 1535 m), 13 Aug 1966, H. B. Leech (1♂, 1♀; CAS); McBride Springs, Mount Shasta (7 km NE Mt. Shasta City; 41°21.2'N, 122°16.9'W), 28 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Sonoma: Kenwood, Sonoma Creek, Mortons Warm Springs (38°24'N, 122°33.1'W; 105 m), 18 May 1974, H. B. Leech (1♂; CAS). Tuolumne: Dardanelle, Middle Fork Stanislaus River (38°20.5'N, 119°50'W; 1765 m), 1 Jul 1977, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS); South Fork Stanislaus River (37°53'N, 120°25.4'W), 3 May 1964, C. D. McNeill (1♂; CAS).

COLORADO. Boulder: Boulder Creek (16 km W Boulder; 40°0.3'N, 105°24.4'W; 2280 m), 8 Aug 1973, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂, 1♀; CAS); Nederland (39°57.7'N, 105°30.6'W), 24 Jun 1961, G. C. Steyskal (1♀; USNM). Chaffee: South Fork Arkansas River, Garfield (38°33.1'N, 106°17.5'W; 2990 m), 12 Aug 1973, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂; CAS). Dolores: Cahone (9 km N; Dolores River; 37°38.9'N, 108°44.1'W; 1955 m), 3 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 3♀; USNM).

IDAHO. Boundary: Dawson Lake (48°46.3'N, 116°14.3'W; 885 m), 3 Jun 2006, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 4♀; USNM); Solomon Lake (48°47.6'N, 116°06.1'W; 825 m), 3 Jun 2006, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 2♀; USNM). Custer: Selway Wilderness, Cove Lake (44°06.1'N, 114°36.3'W; 1950 m), 22 Jul 1978, R. S. Zack (1♀; WSU). Kootenai: Beauty Bay on Coeur d’Alene Lake (47°36.8'N, 116°41.1'W; 686 m), 14 Jul 1978, W. J. Turner (1♂, 2♀; WSU). Latah: Big Meadow Creek Recreation Area (8 km NW Troy; 46°47.8'N, 116°48.8'W), 31 Jul 1979, R. S. Zack (8♂, 27♀; WSU); Laird Park (6.4 km NE Harvard; 46°56.5'N, 116°38.8'W), 24 May-6 Jul 1978, 1985, R. S. Zack (4♂, 3♀; WSU); Lost Creek, Harvard (6.4 km NNE; 46°57.7'N, 116°41.2'W), 18-30 May 1980, 1981, R. S. Zack (35♂, 16♀; WSU); Moscow Mountain (46°48.2'N, 116°52.1'W), 2 Jun 1908 (3♂, 2♀; ANSP); Moscow Mountain, West Twin Peak (46°48.2'N, 116°54.9'W), 15 Jun 1982, R. S. Zack (1♂, 1♀; WSU); Moscow Mountain, East Twin Peak (46°48.2'N, 116°52.1'W), 19 Jul 1983, R. S. Zack (10♂, 18♀; WSU); Strychnine Creek (10 km NE Joe National Forest; 46°58.7'N, 116°37.1'W), 29 Apr-4 Jun 1980, R. S. Zack (2♂, 5♀; WSU); Troy (46°44.2'N, 116°46.2'W), 31 May 1908 (1♂, 2♀; ANSP, USNM, WSU). Oneida: Malad (42°11.5'N, 112°15'W), 13 Aug 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Nez Perce: Black Pine Camp (38 km SE Lewiston; 46°15'N, 116°46'W), 22 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂, 2♀; CAS); Lake Waha (46°12.6'N, 116°50.8'W), 9 Jun 1918, A. L. Melander (1♀; ANSP).

MONTANA. Lake: Flathead Lake (47°53.2'N, 114°07.9'W), 19 Aug 1916, A. L. Melander (1♂; ANSP). Mineral: St. Regis (37°53'N, 122°14.3'W), 28 Aug 1981, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS). Missoula: Brewster Creek, Clinton (46°46.4'N, 113°42.6'W), 1 Jun 1957, H. R. Dodge (1♂; USNM).

NEVADA. Clark: Las Vegas Wash (36°05.2'N, 114°58.8'W), 10-11 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Red Rock Canyon (36°09.6'N, 115°31.1'W), 12 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). Nye: Toiyabe National Park, Indian Creek, Indian Valley (6.4 km ESE Grantsville; 38°50'N, 117°30'W; 2065 m), 22 Jun 1995, J. K. Gelhaus (1♀; ANSP).

NEW MEXICO. Bernalillo: E slope Sandia Mountains, 14 km W Cedar Crest (35°06.5'N, 106°23'W; 2438 m), 15 Jul 1979, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (3♂; CAS); Catron: Pueblo Creek and Park Campground (27 km S Luna; 33°37.5'N, 109°W; 2100 m), 30 May 1993, J. K. Gelhaus (3♂; ANSP). Cibola: Bluewater Lake State Park (35°18.1'N, 108°06.6'W; 2220 m), 9 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Grant: Apache Creek (33°09.1'N, 108°08.9'W), 13 Jun 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (1♀; USNM); Mimbres River (NM Hwy. 61 and Royal John Mine Road; 32°43.8'N, 107°52'W; 1665 m), 1 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (17♂, 4; USNM); Mimbres River (NM Hwy. 35; 19 km N, Hwy 152; 32°56.9'N, 108°01.1'W), 2 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM); Silver City (32°46.2'N, 108°16.8'W), 6 Aug 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (4♂, 1♀; USNM). Luna: Hyatt Farm (12 km NW Florida; 32°26'N, 107°35'W; stock pond), 4 Aug 1965, H. B. Leech (2♀; CAS). Sandoval: Cuba (18 km S; 35°58.8'N, 106°59.1'W), 25 Jun 1973, W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM); Jemez Springs (35°46.6'N, 106°41.4'W), Jun (1♂; ANSP); Jemez Springs (12 km N; 35°48'N, 106°41.4'W), 25 Jun 1973, W. N. Mathis (9♂; USNM); La Cueva (Junction of Highways 126 & 4; 35°52'N, 106°38.4'W; 2342 m), 14 Jun 2011, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Las Huertas (9 km NW San Antonito (35°18.8'N, 106°24.1'W; 2300 m), 26 May 1991, J. Gelhaus (1♂; ANSP); Valles Caldera National Preserve, Alamo Canyon (PH 2 pond; 35°55.1'N, 106°35.7'W; 2610 m), 4 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂; USNM); Valles Caldera National Preserve, Rincon de los Soldados (stock pond 2; 35°54.6'N, 106°25.3'W; 2727 m), 6 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 2♀; USNM); Valles Caldera National Preserve, Sulphur Creek (35°54.9'N, 106°36.4'W; 2588 m), 4 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). San Miguel: Cowles (4 km S: Mora and Pecos Rivers; 35°48'N, 105°39.6'W; 2408 m), 12 Jul 1979, T. W. Davies (1♀; CAS). Torrance: Gran Quivira (34°15.8'N, 106°06.1'W), 8 Aug 1965, H. B. Leech (3♂; CAS).

OREGON. Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City; 44°49.2'N, 117°27.79'W; 825 m), 7 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 6♀; USNM). Benton: Cary’s Grove (44°22.6'N, 123°36.1'W), 2 Sep 1974, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 3♀; USNM); Corvallis (44°33.9'N, 123°15.7'W), 12 May 1930, J. Wilcox (2♂, 2♀; ANSP); Corvallis (Oregon State University sheep farm; 44°33.9'N, 123°15.7'W), 29 Mar 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Corvallis (1.6 km SE, Willamette River; 44°31.7'N, 123°15.2'W), 4 Apr 1972, W. N. Mathis (9♂, 11♀; USNM); William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge (16 km S Corvallis; 44°24.6'N, 123°19.1'W), 29 Apr 1972, W. N. Mathis (6♂, 2♀; USNM); Kiger Island (44°30.7'N, 123°14'W), 12 May 1930, J. Wilcox (1♂; ANSP); McDonald Forest (44°38'N, 123°17.6'W), 22 Jul 1974, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Philomath (1.6 km SW; 44°32.1'N, 123°23.6'W), 29 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (10♂, 8♀; USNM); Rock Creek (6.5 km SW Philomath; 44°30'N, 123°26.5'W), 6-29 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 2♀; USNM); Willamette Park (44°32.3'N, 123°15'W), 3 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (7♂, 6♀; USNM). Crook: Cougar Campground, Marks Creek (44°26.9'N, 120°27.9'W), 24 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂; CAS). Deschutes: Bend (44°03.5'N, 121°18.9'W), 8 Aug 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (2♂; USNM); E side McKenzie Pass (44°15.6'N, 121°48'W; 1585 m), 25 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (32♂, 37♀; CAS); Cline Falls State Park, W Redmond (44°16.1'N, 121°15.3'W), 25 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS). Douglas: Elbow Lake (43°47.2'N, 124°08.9'W), 26 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); S fork Umqua River, Charles V. Stanton Park (42°56.8'N, 123°17.6'W), 21 Jun 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Gilliam: 30-mile Creek (45°05.3'N, 120°14.9'W), 20 Jun 1954, J. J. Davis (1♀; WSU). Harney: Fields (11 km NW; 42°17'N, 118°42'W; mud pond), 29 Aug 1983, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); Page Springs Campground, Blitzen River (42°47'N, 118°51'W; 1300 m), 6 Aug 2005, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM); Juniper Lake (9.6 km SW Route 78; 42°55.3'N, 118°20.3'W), 12 Sep 1981, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); Steens Mountain, Big Indian Gorge (north side; 42°49'N, 118°35'W; 2730 m), 6 Aug 2005, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Hood River: Mt. Hood (45°24.7'N, 121°34.9'W), 25 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♀; ANSP). Jackson: N side Siskiyou Summit, small falls, 5 km from California (42°04'N, 122°48'W), 28 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (2♂; CAS); Squaw Lakes (42°02.2'N, 123°01.4'W), 22 May 1964, J. Schuh (1♂; WSU); Talent, Bear Creek (42°14.7'N, 122°47.3'W), 28 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS). Josephine: Merlin (3.2 km W; 42°31.2'N, 123°27.6'W), 13 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Selma (16 km W; 42°16.8'N, 123°38.7'W), 13 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Rough and Ready Creek State Park (42°05.8'N, 123°40.9'W), 13 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Whiskey Creek Campground (42°39.5'N, 123°38.2'W; 1460 m), 27 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (3♂; CAS). Klamath: Crater Lake (42°57.8'N, 122°08.9'W), 16 Sep 1934, A. L. Melander (1♂, 2♀; ANSP); Klamath Falls (Geary Canal; 42°13.7'N, 121°46'W), 27 Apr 1964, J. Schuh (1♀; WSU). Lane: Salt Creek Falls Campground (33 km SE Oakridge; 43°36.6'N, 122°07.6'W; 1219 m), 26 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (11♂, 1♀; CAS); Yachats (10.5 km S; 44°17'N, 124°06.5'W), 27 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (8♂, 8♀; USNM). Lincoln: Waldport (10.5 km E; 44°24.3'N, 123°56.5'W), 27 May 1972, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 4♀; USNM). Marion: Keizer Bottom (44°59.3'N, 123°01.3'W), 5 Mar 1940, R. E. Rieder (1♂, 1♀; WSU). Morrow: Willow Creek (SE Heppner; 45°19.6'N, 119°24.6'W), 18 Jun 1991, R. S. Zack (2♂, 2♀; WSU). Multnomah: Multnomah Falls (45°34.5'N, 122°06.9'W), 26 Jun 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂; CAS). Polk: Sarah Helmick State Park (44°46.8'N, 123°13.8'W), 20 Mar 1972, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). Umatilla: Ukiah-Dale Forest Wayside, Camas Creek (45°07.5'N, 118°58.3'W), 24 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (3♂; CAS). Union: La Grande (22.5 km S; 45°15.1'N, 118°01.5'W; 1305 m; Malaise trap), 17-23 Aug 1975, E. J. Davis (2♂; WSU); Velvet Creek (45 km SE Union; 44°59.8'N, 117°36.5'W; 1438 m; Malaise trap), 6 Jul-31 Aug 1975, 1976, E. J. Davis (2♀; WSU); Whiskey Creek (37 km SSW La Grande; 45°14.5'N, 118°12.7'W; 1560 m; Malaise trap), 22-28 Jun 1975, E. J. Davis (1♂, 1♀; WSU). Wallowa: Wallowa Lake State Park (45°17'N, 117°12.7'W), 18 Aug 1954, H. B. and M. T. James (1♀; WSU). Washington: Forest Grove (45°31.2'N, 123°06.6'W), 3 Jun 1918, F. Cole (1♂; ANSP).

SOUTH DAKOTA. Lawrence: Savoy (3.2 km W; 44°21.1'N, 103°56.2'W), 19 Jun 1968, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM).

UTAH. Carbon: Deadman Caynon (16 km NE Price; 39°41.7'N, 110°44'W; 2055 m), 14 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (9♂, 3♀; USNM); Soldier Canyon (39°44.3'N, 110°36'W), 25 Aug 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Garfield: Alvey Wash (8.4 km S Escalante; 37°42.3'N, 111°37.6'W; 1880 m), 21 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Deer Creek (37°51.2'N, 111°21.1'W; 1762 m), 21 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Grand: Thompson Spring (8.9 km N Thompson Springs; 39°02.3'N, 109°43.4'W; 1740 m), 1-16 Aug 2007, 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂; USNM). Kane: Coral Pink Sand Dunes (37°2.8'N, 112°40.7'W; spring), 16 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM); Drip Tank Canyon (37°19.4'N, 111°31.8'W), 15 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); East Fork of Virgin River (26.6 km N Kanab; 37°12.2'N, 112°41.4'W) 18 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM); Kanab Canyon (6.5 km N Kanab; 37°08.7'N, 112°32.4'W), 14 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Seaman Wash (24.5 km E Kanab; 37°07'N, 112°15'W), 14 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂; USNM); Sheep Creek (37°29.7'N, 112°04'W), 17 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂, 2♀; USNM); S of Right Hand Collett Canyon (37°8.1'N, 111°32'W; stock pond), 15 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); White House Spring (71 km E Kanab; 37°04.8'N, 111°53.4'W; 1250 m) 19 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM). Salt Lake: Draper (40°31.6'N, 111°55.1'W; Jordan River; 1320 m), 10 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (10♂, 5♀; USNM). Utah: Alpine Loop (Timp Lodge; 40°23.3'N, 111°35.1'W; 1930 m), 7-9 Jun 2011, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 3♀; USNM); Goshen Warm Springs (7 km W Santiquen; 39°58'N, 111°56'W), 9 Jun 2011, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Thistle (40°0.4'N, 111°29.7'W; 1530 m), 11 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Washington: Santa Clara (10 km W; 37°08.2'N, 113°41'W), 5 Apr 1968, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM); Zion National Park (37°12.8'N, 112°59.8'W), 29 Apr 1935, A. L. Melander (3♂; ANSP).

WASHINGTON. Adams: Paha, McElroy Lake (47°01.4'N, 118°29.4'W), 20 Jul 1920, R. C. Shannon (1♀; WSU). Asotin: Fields’ Spring State Park (46°04.9'N, 117°10.2'W; Malaise trap), 14 Jun-31 Jul 1971, 1972, W. J. Turner (2♂, 3♀; WSU); Fields’ Spring State Park, Anatone (6.5 km S; 46°08.1'N, 117°07.9'W; 1065-1220 m), 7-12 Jun 1973, W. J. Turner (3♂, 6♀; WSU). Benton: Hanford Site. ALE, Lower Snively Spring (46°27.5'N, 119°43.3'W), 29 Mar-16 May 1994, 1995, R. S. Zack (20♂, 15♀; WSU); Hanford Site, ALE, Rattlesnake Ridge (46°28.6'N, 119°32.1'W), 15 May-12 Aug 1994, 1995, R. S. Zack (8♂, 5♀; WSU); Hanford Site. ALE, Snively Ranch (T11N, R25E, Sec. 8; 46°27.1'N, 119°42.9'W), 11 Apr 1994, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); West Richland (46°18.3'N, 119°21.7'W), 20 Jun 1973, N. E. Woodley (1♀; WSU). Chelan: Lake Wenatchee (47°49.4'N, 120°46.6'W), 4 Aug 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (2♂, 2♀; USNM). Columbia: Tucannon Fish Hatchery (32 km E Dayton; 46 °33.3'N, 118°10.4'W), 15-22 May 1979, W. J. Turner, R. S. Zack (5♀; WSU). Grant: Crab Creek (4.8 km E Beverly; 46°50'N, 119°52'W), 30 May 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM). Kittitas: Vantage (Columbia River; 46°56.5'N, 119°59.1'W), 29 May 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 2♀; USNM). Lewis: La Wis Wis Campground, Ohanapecosh River (46°40.4'N, 121°35.3'W), 3 Jul 1974, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (6♂, 8♀; CAS). Okanogan: Salmon Meadows (14.5 km NW Conconully; 46°42.2'N, 117°28.2'W; 1370 m), 23-26 Jul 1975, W. J. Turner (1♂; WSU); Sweat Creek Campground (3.2 km W; 46°42.2'N, 117°28.2'W; Malaise trap), 7 Jul 1972, W. J. Turner (1♂; WSU); Wauconda (8 km E; 48°43.6'N, 119°W; Rt. 30), 7 Jul 1972, W. B. Garnett (1♂; WSU); Wauconda (11.25 km E; 48°43.7'N, 118°57.9'W; Rt. 30), 29 Jul 1973, W. J. Turner (1♀; WSU); Winthrop (22.5 km N; near Chewack Campground; 48°32'N, 120°11.2'W; Malaise trap), 19 Jul 1972, W. J. Turner (1♀; WSU). Pierce: Brown’s Point (47°18'N, 122°26.5'W), 6 May 1971, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); DuPont (5 km WSW; 47°04.3'N, 122°42.2'W), 23 Apr-9 Jun 1971, W. N. Mathis (11♂, 4♀; USNM); Gig Harbor (47°19.8'N, 122°34.8'W), 1 May 1971, W. N. Mathis (1♂ USNM); Lake Spanaway (47°06.6'N, 122°26.6'W), 15 May 1971, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Mount Rainier National Park, Cayuse Pass (46°52'N, 121°32.3'W; wet meadow; 1435 m), 25 Jun-8 Aug 1979, R. S. Zack (2♂; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Chinook Pass (0.8 km SW; 46°52.3'N, 121°31'W; 1615 m), 12 Sep 1978, R. S. Zack (6♂, 2♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Christine Falls (above; 46°46.9'N, 121°46.8'W; 1125 m), 11-13 Aug 1977, R. S. Zack (9♂, 7♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Comet Falls Trail above Van Trump Creek (46°46.4'N, 121°46.8'W; 1370 m), 11-13 Aug 1977, R. S. Zack (2♂; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Ghost Lake (46°52.4'N, 121°32.5'W; 1340 m), 8 Aug 1979, R. S. Zack (26♂, 21♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Shadow Lake near Sunrise (46°54.7'N, 121°39.4'W), 10 Aug 1977, R. S. Zack (11♂, 18♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, Sunshine Point (6 km NE; 46°44.6'N, 121°55.6'W; campground), 26 Jun-8 Aug 1979, R. S. Zack (35♂, 25♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, West End Road (5 km N; 46°55'N, 121°35'W), 12 Aug 1977, R. S. and V. L. Zack (1♀; WSU); Mount Rainier National Park, White River (47°12'N, 122°15.5'W; campground; 1240 m), 12 Jul-10 Aug 1977, 1978, R. S. Zack (15♂, 13♀; WSU); Mt. Rainer National Park, White River (47°12'N, 122°15.5'W), 28 Aug 1934, A. L. Melander (2♂; USNM); Mount Rainier National Park, White River (4.5 km NE; 47°13'N, 122°15'W; 1465 m), 12 Jul 1978, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU); Tacoma (47°15.2'N, 122°26.7'W), 1 Apr 1971, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Skamania: Randle (51.5 km SE; 46°21.2'N, 121°47.3'W; Malaise trap), 29 Jul 1972, W. B. Garnett, W. J. Turner (1♂; WSU). Spokane: Spokane (47°39.5'N, 117°25.6'W), 27 Jun-30 Jul 1920, 1954, A. L. Melander, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Spokane State Park, Bald Knob Campground (47°53.5'N, 117°07.4'W; Malaise trap; 1450-1585 m), 25 Jun-10 Jul 1975, 1976, 1979, W. J. Turner (6♂, 19♀; WSU). Stevens: Deer Lake (8 km NE; 48°29'N, 117°42'W; 975 m), 18 Jul 1975, W. J. Turner (4♀; WSU); Deer Lake near Chewelah (48°06.7'N, 117°35.2'W), 30 Jun 1972, M. T. James (1♂; WSU). Whitman: Albion (46°47.5'N, 117°15'W), 27 May (1♀; WSU); Almota (46°42.2'N, 117°28.2'W), 23 Apr-2 Jun 1918, 1955, 1972, M. T. James, A. L. Melander, W. J. Turner (56♂, 15♀; ANSP, USNM, WSU); Bald Butte (11 km SE Pullman; 46°38'N, 117°05.3'W), 12 May 1973, L. C. Wright (2♀; WSU); Lyle Grove Biological Area (13 km SW Pullman; 46°42'N, 117°12'W; 645 m), 7 Apr-18 Jun 1976, 1978, 1979, W. J. Turner, R. S. Zack (52♂, 25♀; WSU); Pullman (46°43.9'N, 117°10.8'W; Malaise trap), 15 Apr-31 Jul 1965, 1970, R. D. Akre, J. Novak, J. A. Quist, H. S. Telford (2♂, 4♀; WSU); Pullman (46°43.9'N, 117°10.8'W; golf course), 6 Apr-13 Sep, 1908, 1909,1912, 1923, 1965, 1970, 1971, R. D. Akre, A. L. Melander, J. Novak, J. A. Quist, H. S. Telford, W. J. Turner (10♂, 16♀; WSU); Steptoe Canyon (11 km SW Colton; 46°27.3'N, 117°12'W), 19 Apr 1993, R. S. Zack (4♂, 3♀; WSU); Steptoe Canyon (16 km SW Colton; 46°27.1'N, 117°12.4'W), 27 Apr-3 Aug 1974, 1985, W. J. Turner, R. S. Zack (15♂, 8♀; WSU); Wawawai to Pullman (46°40.4'N, 117°16.3'W), 2 Apr 1950, R. Spurrier (1♂, 3♀; WSU); Wawawai (46°38'N, 117°22.8'W), 22 Apr 1956, V. Newhouse (1♀; USNM); Yakawawa Canyon (43°34.6'N, 117°17.3'W), 2 May 1978, R. S. Zack (4♂, 3♀; WSU). Yakima: Chinook Pass (16 km E; American River; 46°52.3'N, 121°29'W; 1035 m), 24 Jul 1976, W. J. Turner (1♀; WSU); Tieton (13 km SW ranger station; Bear Creek; Snoqualmie National Forest; 46°42.1'N, 120°45.3'W), 11-12 Jun 1973, W. J. Turner (1♂, 1♀; WSU).

WYOMING. Carbon: Lake Marie (20 km W Centennial; 41°20'N, 106°19.5'W; 3230 m), 1 Aug 1973, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀; CAS). Crook: Alva (near; 44°38.6'N, 104°22.8'W; 1330 m), 20 Jun 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂, 3♀; USNM). Fremont: Lander (42°50'N, 108°43.8'W), 16 Aug 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (7♂, 4♀; USNM). Niobrara: Lusk (42°45.7'N, 104°27.1'W), Jul 1895 (1♂; ANSP). Teton: Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Lake (44°23.8'N, 110°22'W), 9 Aug 1918, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; ANSP).

Distribution (Fig. 16). Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia), Mexico (Baja California), United States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming).

Remarks. Among Nearctic species, this is by far the most abundant and commonly collected, and is found throughout the West (Fig. 16). This is also one of the more easily recognized species, making it unlikely to be confused with congeners. It is distinguished by the entirely black antennae and forelegs and the subshiny to shiny mesonotum and abdomen.