Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990

Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang & Zheng, Guo, 2011, Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae), Zootaxa 2912, pp. 1-27 : 12-16

Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990

Figs 10–13

Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang 1990: 165 , figs 1 – 7 (Holotype female, allotype male and 2 female paratypes, 3 male paratypes from Linzhi County, Tibet, China, 9 September 1987, Juping Zhang leg., deposited in Shandong University, China, not examined); Song et al. 1999: 361, figs 210K – L, 211L – M; Hu 2001: 112, figs 31.1 – 5.

Material examined. 85 males, 140 females, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town (active searching and pitfall traps), August 2006 – June 2007, G. Zheng leg.

Diagnosis. The species is similar to H. barbata Bosmans, 1992 from Sulawesi (Bosmans 1992: 84, figs 1–6) in having a row of long tegular setae, a pair of copulatory openings and coiled copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the relatively long and anteriorly curved row of tegular setae, the tiny RTA, the bigger patellar apophysis of the male palp and the relatively long copulatory ducts of the epigyne. It is also similar to H. saccata sp. nov. ( Figs 14–16 ), H. cinerea Emerton, 1890 ( Opell & Beatty 1976: 423, figs 78–83) and H. arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ( Opell & Beatty 1976: 424, figs 84–88) in having a submarginal prolateral tegular row of setae on the male palp and a pair of copulatory openings, but distinguished from others by the conspicuously long tegular setae row of male palp ( Figs 10 A–B, 12G–H) and two copulatory openings located centrally, close to each other ( Figs 11 A, 11C, 13D–E), copulatory ducts long and strongly twisted ( Figs 11 B, 11D, 13F–G).

Redescription. Male. Total length 2.35 – 2.60. One male ( Figs 12 A–F): total length 2.50. Prosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide; opisthosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 5 – 6 retromarginal teeth (4 or 7 retromarginal teeth can be rarely found). Stridulatory files present on the lateral surface of chelicerae. Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma with 4 chevron-like markings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally.

Male palpal patella with a hooked apophysis retro-basally. RTA long, sharply curved and pointing ventrally. Embolus originating retro-basally, extending around the tegulum, ending at the base of membranous median apophysis. Length of deep cymbial furrow is about half of cymbial length ( Figs 10 A–C, 12G–I).

Female. Total length 2.40 – 3.10. One female ( Figs 13 A–C): total length 2.55. Prosoma 1.25 long, 0.85 wide; opisthosoma 1.45 long, 1.15 wide. Chelicerae without stridulatory files, with 6 retromarginal teeth. AME smallest. Leg formula: 4123.

Epigyne with a pair of small copulatory openings centrally. Copulatory ducts long, bifurcated and strongly swirled. Sub-spermathecae is nearly as large as spermathecae and close to the latter anteriorly. Fertilization ducts small, posterior to spermathecae, pointing laterally ( Figs 11 A–D, 13D–G).

Distribution. China (Tibet, Yunnan)

Biology. This is a dominant species on the ground of Xishuangbanna, whether in tropical rainforest or in plantations. Nearly all mature male individuals were collected in November and December, while females collected almost all time of a year. Apparently, H. himalayaensis completes only one generation per year and the male die as soon as the copulation is finished. Female lives apparently longer after copulation.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990, male. A. Left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view. CF = cymbial furrow; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TS = tegular setae.

FIGURE 11. Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990, females (A and B from the same specimen, C and D from another one). A, C. Epigyne, ventral view; B, D. Vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; EH = epigynal hood; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; SS = subspermatheca.

FIGURE 12. Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990, male. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, ventral view; D. Eyes and chelicerae, frontal view; E. Stridulatory files on the lateral chelicerae; F. Chelicerae, ventral view; G. Left palp, ventral view; H. Same, retrolateral view; I. Same, dorsal view.

FIGURE 13. Hahnia himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990, females (D and F from the same specimen, E and G from another one). A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, ventral view; D, E. Epigyne, ventral view; F, G. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURE 14. Hahnia saccata sp. nov., holotype male (A – C) and female paratype (D – E). A. Left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. At = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CF = cymbial furrow; CO = copulatory opening; Em = embolus; EH = epigynal hood; FD = fertilization duct; MA = madian apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; SS = subspermatheca; TS = tegular setea.

FIGURE 15. Hahnia saccata sp. nov., holotype male. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, ventral view; D. Eyes and chelicerae, frontal view; E. Stridulatory files on lateral chelicerae (Arrow indicating); F. Left palp, ventral view; G. Same, retrolateral view; H. Same, dorsal view.

FIGURE 16. Hahnia saccata sp. nov., paratype female. A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, ventral view; D. Chelicerae, ventral view; E. Epigyne, ventral view (not dissected); F. Vulva, ventral view; G. Vulva, dorsal view.