Ungla siderocephala ( Navas , 1933) Navas, 1933

Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco, Albuquerque, Gilberto S. & Tauber, Maurice J., 2017, Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), ZooKeys 674, pp. 1-188 : 67-71

Ungla siderocephala ( Navas, 1933) comb. n. Figs 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87

Chrysopa siderocephala Navás, 1933. Rev. R. Acad. Ciencias exactas fis. Nat. Madrid (1933a) 30: 306-307; “Perú: Lima, 4.X.1932". Penny 1977: 20 (list); Monserrat 1985: 238 (type); Brooks and Barnard 1990: 280 (list, as " ' Chrysopa ' incertae sedis"); Oswald 2015 (catalog). Lectotype (Figs 81, 82). MZBS, male. Specimen somewhat dirty, color faded. Confusion concerning the type is unlikely; however, to assure stability, here the specimen in the MZBS is designated as the lectotype (des. CAT).

Chrysopa lambda Navás, 1933. Rev. R. Acad. Ciencias exactas fis. Nat. Madrid (1933a) 30: 307; “Perú: Lima, 4.X.1932". Penny 1977: 19 (list); Monserrat 1985: 238 (type); Brooks and Barnard 1990: 280 (list, as " ' Chrysopa ' incertae sedis"); Oswald 2015 (catalog). syn. n. Lectotype (Figs 83, 84). MZBS, male. Specimen discolored, with abdomen in poor condition. Confusion concerning the type is unlikely; however, to assure stability, here the specimen in the MZBS is designated as the lectotype (des. CAT). Support for synonymy. The types of both C. siderocephala and C. lambda were collected at the same locality and on the same day, and in his original description, Navás (1933a) noted the similarity between the two. However, the notable variation in the shape of the frontal markings (from an inverted V to an inverted Y) caused Navás to believe that he had more than one species. Additional specimens are now available. Phillip Adams recognized the synonymy and labeled the C. lambda specimen as the junior synonym, but he did not publish his conclusion. Here, we formalize the synonymy. The main structural difference that we noticed between the two specimens is in the intersection of the basal inner gradate with the Psm: on both wings of the C. lambda type the basal inner gradate veins meet the Psm, whereas on the C. siderocephala type they do not. We attribute this difference to intraspecific variation. Otherwise, the venation of the two specimens is almost identical, and the size of the wings is very similar: C. lambda , forewing 12.2-12.3 mm long, 4.2 mm wide, hindwing 11.0-11.1 mm long, 3.3-3.4 mm wide; C. siderocephala , forewing 12.3-12.4 mm long, 4.3-4.4 mm wide, hindwing 11.1-11.3 mm long, 3.3-3.6 mm wide.

Diagnosis.

This species is recognized by the following set of features: body mostly cream-colored to green; head cream-colored, vertex with robust reddish brown, inverted U-shaped mark with lateral bar extending to mesal margin of eyes; frons with broad, reddish brown, transverse band above clypeus; antenna with basal two segments reddish, flagellum pale; thorax probably with yellowish mesal stripe dorsally, reddish brown stripe sublaterally, legs pale, unmarked, with pale setae; wings hyaline, lightly fumose around gradate veins, with veins green, except costal crossveins, gradate veins black. In the male, the spiracles are not enlarged; the setae on the pleural membrane of A7, A8 have slightly enlarged bases; the terminus of S8+9 is without flanged setae; and the gonarcus, mediuncus, and gonosaccus are as in Figs 82, 84, 87.

Redescription.

Head cream-colored with reddish brown to dark brown markings; vertex smooth, shiny; inverted U-shaped marking prominent, reddish brown, broad, connected anteromesally above antennae, with lateral bar extending to midregion of eye; posterior half of vertex unmarked; dorsal antennal fossa with thin reddish brown stripe mesally, extending between antennae to reddish brown anterior fossa. Frons with narrow, elongate, brown stripe between antennal fossae ( “Y-shaped” mark of Navás), anterior margin of frons with pair of heavy reddish brown transverse bands from midregion to genal mark; clypeus with pair of large reddish brown marks, separated mesally, extending to margin laterally; gena with large, dark brown to black mark extending from eyes, contiguous with dark mark on lateral margin of clypeus; tentorial pits surrounded by reddish brown. Antenna with scape, pedicel reddish, unmarked; flagellum cream-colored; maxillary palp, labial palp with two basal segments pale, other segments dark brown.

Prothorax cream-colored mesally, with pair of wide, reddish brown stripes sublaterally, reddish brown extending mesally along transverse furrow; transverse furrow in posterior region, not reaching lateral margins of segment, long, cream-colored to golden setae throughout. Mesothorax, metathorax probably cream-colored mesally, with pair of broad, reddish brown stripes laterally. Legs entirely cream-colored, unmarked. Measurements: head width: 1.3-1.6 mm; ratio head width: eye width: 2.0-2.3: 1; prothorax width: 0.8-1.1 mm, length: 0.6-0.7 mm.

Forewing, hindwing of moderate width, with apex rounded or slightly subacute. Forewing with robust, but not heavy venation, some swelling at furcation of Cu; stigma lightly opaque, with three dark brown subcostal crossveins below, area surrounding subcostal crossveins marked with dark brown; longitudinal, most transverse veins (costal, radial, cubital crossveins) tan, marked extensively with brown at intersections; gradate veins, base of Rs, icu crossveins dark brown, most with dark brown suffusion on surrounding membrane. Forewing 12.3-13.5 mm long, 4.2-4.6 mm wide, (ratio, L: W = 2.8-3.0: 1); height of tallest costal cell 0.8 mm (cell number 5-6); length of first intramedian cell 0.8-0.9 mm; 10 radial cells (closed cells between R and Rs); third gradate cell 1.3-1.4 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.5-2.6: 1); fourth gradate cell often missing, when present 0.7-1.1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 1.6-2.4: 1); 3-4 Banksian cells (b cells), 4 b’ cells; 3-4 inner gradates, 6 outer gradates. Hindwing venation robust, not heavy, marked as on forewing; 11.0-12.0 mm long, 3.3-3.7 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.1-3.3: 1), 10 radial cells, 3 Banksian (b) cells, 4 b’ cells, 2-4 inner gradates, 5-6 outer gradates.

Male. Abdomen with small spiracles (e.g., A7: spiracle diameter ~0.03 × length of sternite); A6-A9 with numerous robust, elongate setae extending from large setal bases, especially notable on pleural regions; T9+ectoproct relatively long (~0.6 × length of T7), with dorsal invagination deep (~0.7 × dorsal length of T9+ect), margins of invagination almost straight, base rounded; dorsal margin of T9+ect rounded distally (above anus); posterior margin of ectoproct gently curved throughout; ventral margin of T9+ect with well sclerotized, elongate, curved apodeme contiguous with sclerotization around callus cerci, posterior corner of apodeme extending posteriorly, bending mesally to form small, rounded knob; posteroventral corner of T9+ect appearing angular (lateral view); callus cerci large, ovate, with entire margin lightly sclerotized. S8+9 fused, with line of fusion not readily perceptible; dorsal margin with apodeme extending along basal ~ ¾ length of segment, then tapering abruptly without apodeme to tip of segment; terminus extending distally, slightly beyond tip of T9+ect, heavily sclerotized, upturned distally, concave in posterior view; terminal setae on S8+9 enlarged, without flange-like protrusions basally. Gonarcus arcuate (dorsal, ventral views), V-shaped (frontal, caudal views); bridge robust, moderately wide throughout; arms elongate, rounded distally, dorsal section with digitiform process extending posteriorly, then inward toward gonosaccus; mediuncus with narrow base, paired internal rods visible basally, extending distally, fusing at terminus; dorsal surface of mediuncus ridged, not smooth, with short, rounded (blunt) beak distally; gonosaccus bilobed, each lobe large, with large, dense patch of gonosetae; gonosetae robust, arising from enlarged setal bases; hypandrium internum not found.

Variation.

Among the specimens we examined, there was variation in the depth and size of the reddish brown markings on the vertex and frons.

Known distribution.

PERU: Region of La Libertad, Province of Lima (Districts of Chancay, San Isidro).

Specimens examined

(in addition to types above). Peru. Huaral: Chancay, river valley, 25/III/1951, Ross & Michelbacher (1F, CAS); Chancay, shrubs nr. River, 40 mi. N. Lima, 29/VII/1971 (1M, BMNH). La Libertad: Samme, 1500 m, 40 km. w. Trujillo, 12-17/VII/1975, C. Porter & L. Stange (1M, 1F, CAS; 1M, FSCA); Samme, 15/VII/1982, R. B. Miller & L. Stange (4F, FSCA); Samme, ca. Trujillo, 1,500 m, 12-19/VII/1975, C. Porter & L. Stange (1M, 2F, IFML); Simbal, 4/VII/1974, L. Stanner & C. Porter (?, IFML). Lima: nr. Castillo (1M, USNM); San Isidro, at light, 6/II/1977, C. P. Kimball (1F, USNM); Chosica, 2800 ft.,9/VI/??, Parish Coll., N. Banks (sex unknown, abdomen missing, MCZ; identified as " confraterna " by Banks, probably in error; our ID as U. siderocephala is tentative).