Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986

Hormiga, Gustavo, Kulkarni, Siddharth, Moreira, Thiago Da Silva & Dimitrov, Dimitar, 2021, Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae), Zootaxa 5026 (1), pp. 71-101 : 94

Family Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986

Pimoinae Wunderlich, 1986: 119 .

Pimoidae ; Hormiga 1993: 534.

Diagnosis: Male pimoids are distinguished from other araneoid spiders by the following combination of characters: palp with integral paracymbium, a retrolateral cymbial sclerite, a dorsoectal cymbial process with modified macrosetae (cuspules in Pimoa and a large macroseta in Nanoa ) ( Fig. 5 ; see also figures in Hormiga (1994a) and Hormiga et al. (2005)). Conductor and median apophysis present in Nanoa and in most species of Pimoa . Embolus continuous with the tegulum (the typical linyphiid embolic division is absent), with an embolic process (absent in Nanoa ) of varying morphology that runs parallel and external to the embolus. The epigynum is protruding in Pimoa , with a dorsal to lateral fold or groove with the copulatory opening at the distal end; fertilization ducts are oriented anteriorly ( Pimoa ) or posteriorly ( Nanoa ). As in linyphiids, most pimoids have stridulatory striae on the ectal side of the chelicerae (absent in Nanoa ) and exhibit autospasy at the patella tibia junction. Pimoa species build sheet-webs (the natural history of Nanoa remains unknown).

Phylogenetics: The monophyly of Pimoidae is supported by the following putative synapomorphies: modified macrosetae on a dorsoectal cymbial process; a retrolateral cymbial sclerite (pimoid cymbial sclerite, PCS), an alveolar sclerite and the absence of aciniform silk gland spigots in the female PMS and PLS (Hormiga et al. 2005, Hormiga & Tu 2008, Hormiga 2008).

Distribution: Pimoa species are found in Western North America (from California through Alaska), Southern Europe ( Spain, France and Italy) and Asia (the Himalayas area, China). Nanoa enana is found in northern California and southern Oregon.

Composition: Two genera, Pimoa (79 species) and Nanoa (monotypic).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Pimoid male genitalic morphology: Pimoa graphitica Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016 (A-B), Nanoa enana Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005 (C-D). A, Palp ventral (arrow up points to embolus; arrow down points to pimoid embolic process; arrow right points to alveolar sclerite). B, Palp, ectal. C, Palp ventral (the embolus is in a slightly displaced position; normally its distal end rests tightly against the tegulum, next to the conductor). D, Palp dorsoectal. Scale bars: A-B, 0.5 mm; C-D, 0.1 mm. Modified from Hormiga et al. (2005). Abbreviations: C= conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA= median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.