Baltocar undetermined
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https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00825.x |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD3C878D-FFAE-287B-FF21-D875FC6E25FA |
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Carolina |
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Baltocar undetermined |
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SP. |
BALTOCAR HOFFEINSORUM RIEDEL SP. NOV.
( FIGS 23–48 View Figures 23–31 , 65–66 View Figures 59–66 , FOR 3D MODEL OF THORAX AND HEAD SEE FIGS S4–S5 View Figures 1–10 )
Differential diagnosis: Pronotum c. 1.2 ¥ longer than wide; sides converging from base to apex; disc colliculate, transversely irregularly rugose, with fine punctures at insertion of setae; setae long, thin, rather recumbent. Tarsi with onychium shorter than tarsomere 1.
Holotype: Collected at Jantarny (Palmnicken) near Kaliningrad; when collected with blue earth sediment sticking to the amber. HCH 240-2 to be deposited in SDEI. ( Figs 23–31 View Figures 23–31 ). The amber is neatly cut around the inclusion and embedded in GTS polyester resin of Vosschemie, a material with a diffraction index very close to that of amber ( Hoffeins, 2001) ( Fig. 30 View Figures 23–31 ). The inclusion can be observed from six sides. No occlusions or cracks are present. The folded legs somewhat obscure the ventral surface. The abdomen protrudes ventrad; tergite VII is visible and opened. Judging from the shape of sternite VIII, the specimen is probably a male.
Paratypes: Baltic amber, collected at Jantarny near Kaliningrad. GPIH 4517 View Materials , CGCG 1127 . ( Figs 32–39). The small piece of clear amber ( Fig. 32) is polished and coated. The inclusion can be clearly observed from both sides and in dorsal view. The right body side is partly covered (along the elytral suture and anteriad to the head) with a thin layer of a material that may be mould. The abdomen is protruded ventrad; the left side of tergite VII is visible, the greater part of which is concealed by the tips of the protruding wings. Judging from the shape and the length of the rostrum (1.12 ¥ longer than pronotum), the specimen is probably a male (paratype 1) .
GPIH 4518, CGCG 1125. ( Figs 40–45). The small piece of clear amber ( Fig. 40) is polished and coated. The inclusion can be observed from six sides but observation suffers in some aspects from optical distortions. The right side of the body and the ventral surface of head and parts of the legs are obscured by milky occlusions. The head is dislocated, hanging vertically down from the body. The right elytron is somewhat uplifted. The abdomen is protruded ventrad. The right protarsus is cut off. Judging from the shape and the length of the rostrum (1.41 ¥ longer than pronotum), the specimen is probably a female.
SMNK-E-Col-50. The small piece of clear amber is polished and contains besides the weevil also a small cockroach. The inclusion is best observed from a lateral aspect and from the front. No occlusions or cracks are present. Judging from the shape and the length of the rostrum (1.12 ¥ longer than pronotum), the specimen is probably a male (paratype 2).
Description of holotype: (Data referring to male paratype 1/ paratype 2 are given in parentheses.) Total length from elytral apex to base of rostrum c. 2.7 mm (c. 2.7/3.0 mm). Head including rostrum 1.20 mm (1.25/ 1.6 mm) long. In lateral aspect subconical, without constriction; subglabrous; ventrally weakly rugose, midline somewhat impressed, basally with simple gular suture. Eyes ( Figs 25, 26 View Figures 23–31 ) large, protruding, when viewed from anterodorsolateral angle subrotund, 0.22 mm (0.22/ 0.24 mm) in diameter; coarsely facetted, ommatidia distinctly convex. Eyes medially well separated by slightly less than minimum width of rostrum (0.9 ¥) dorsally; ventrally more widely separated. Forehead (as in Fig. 42) between eyes with deep median furrow; laterally with crescent-shaped callus bordering eye; this callus with sparse long setae; behind eye with row of punctures, surface subglabrous, almost smooth but with weak wrinkles and with few short setae; in posterior half (where usually inside prothorax) with transverse striation. Rostrum in lateral view subcylindrical, apically at mouthparts swollen; weakly curved, almost straight ( Figs 25, 26 View Figures 23–31 ), slightly [1.02 ¥ (1.12/1.12 ¥)] longer than pronotum; in lateral aspect 0.75 mm (0.85/ 1.12 mm) long; surface subglabrous, with shallow punctures; dorsally between antennal insertions simple, without swelling but medially with shallow furrow; at antennal insertion simple, without cavity; in apical 0.27 ventrally with pair of erect stout setae; one similar pair of such setae slightly more apicad immediately behind insertions of maxillae ( Fig. 46 View Figures 46–48 ). Mouthparts ( Figs 46–48 View Figures 46–48 ) in apical 0.20 of rostrum. Epistome extended tongue-like, on each side with three stiff stout erect setae, medially with incision and with one more pair of stout setae pointing apicad. Mandibles fully opened, three teeth on outer edge; second tooth below cavity on dorsal surface; inner edge convex to tip of apical outer tooth, without any additional protrusion near apex; mandible lodged in deep socket, only slightly projecting beyond rostral apex. Maxillary palp on dorsal surface of galea, relatively short, with three articles. Galea relatively large, ventrally covering maxillary palp. Lacinia indistinct, presumably fused to galea. Labial palp ·
with three articles; basal article with stiff anteriad curving seta. Labium without distinct ligula (if present, it is indistinct). Antenna. Total length 1.08 mm (1.08/ 1.20 mm), length of club 0.32 mm (0.34/ 0.35 mm). Insertion sublaterally in basal 1/10 (1/8, 1/9) of rostrum, 0.07 mm (0.10/ 0.10 mm) from base, dorsally above lateral midline; nongeniculate; scape reaching anterior margin of eye; article 1 of funicle somewhat swollen, subequal in length and width to scape; article 2 of funicle more slender, c. 4 ¥ (c. 3/4 ¥) longer than wide; articles 3–7 of funicle decreasing in length, width subequal, article 7 subovate, c. 1.5 ¥ (c. 1.6/1.6 ¥) longer than wide. Antennal club distinct, somewhat loose, about 2 ¥ wider than funicle; relatively sparsely setose, coverage of long setae not concealing reticulate surface; articles of club with subapical fringe of long setae; terminal article of club 2.0 ¥ (2.0/2.0 ¥) longer than wide. Prothorax. Length 0.76 mm (0.76/1.00 mm), width basally 0.59 mm (0.61/ 0.73 mm), apically 0.45 mm (0.49/ 0.57 mm), converging with nearly straight sides; without subapical or sub-basal constriction; disc ( Fig. 37) colliculate, transversely irregularly rugose, with fine punctures at insertion of setae; vestiture of recumbent setae on dorsum directed apicad, on sides dorsoapicad; in lateral aspect anterior edge slightly sinuate, dorsally convex, above procoxa with shallow constriction; ventrally short, 0.25 mm (0.28/ 0.35 mm), in front of procoxa very short, less than half as long as behind it; notosternal suture distinct, closed but not fused, straight, directed vertically, in line with axis of procoxa; seemingly continued by approximately V-shaped wrinkle; its upper branch leading towards shallow constriction in front of procoxa. Procoxa subconical, strongly prominent. Scutellum subtrapezoid, subglabrous. Elytra. Length 1.68 mm (1.74/ 2.20 mm); maximal width in apical third 1.10 mm (1.08/? mm), between humeri 0.94 mm (0.98/ 1.26 mm); with ten regular stria and a distinct scutellary striole consisting of c. five punctures; punctures of striae coarse; erect sensory hairs sparse, short, fine; with vestiture of subrecumbent setae; usually seta reaching base or middle of following one; setae directed strictly apicad except at humeri where directed dorsad; vestiture evenly distributed, without forming patches; cuticle not concealed; stria 10 joining stria 9 above metacoxa ( Fig. 24 View Figures 23–31 ). Epipleuron mesially delimited by ridge; punctate and setose as remainder of elytron. Meso- and metathorax punctate and evenly sparsely setose with subrecumbent setae. Mesocoxal cavities laterally narrowly closed by process of mesoventrite meeting metaventrite. Mesonepisternum somewhat extended ventrad. Mesocoxae medially narrowly separated. Metanepisternum with dorsoanterior process fitting into indentation of elytral margin ( Fig. 31 View Figures 23–31 ); posteriorly narrowing, in front of metacoxa its width c. 0.11 ¥ (0.11) its total length; posteriorly extending over metacoxa, joining abdominal ventrite 1, separating metacoxa from elytral margin. Metaventrite convex. Legs. Tibiae straight, slender. Protibia (0.78 mm) (0.85/ 0.93 mm) long, 1.18 ¥ (1.23/1.15 ¥) longer than profemur (0.66 mm) (0.69/ 0.81 mm); mesotibia (0.60 mm) (0.68/ 0.85 mm) shorter (0.91 ¥) than (equal to/equal to) mesofemur (0.66 mm) (0.68/ 0.85 mm); metatibia (0.66 mm) (0.66/ 0.78 mm) shorter (0.92 ¥) (0.90/ 0.95 ¥) than metafemur (0.72 mm) (0.73/ 0.82 mm). Dorsal edge of meta- and mesotibia crenulate, protibia simple. Left protibia and left mesotibia apically with two spurs; others obscured (right protibia and right metatibia apically with two spurs; others obscured). Tarsi. Length and structure of protarsus, mesotarsus and metatarsus identical; length c. 0.52 mm (0.52/ 0.65 mm) each. Tarsomere 1 of protarsus 0.22 mm (0.24/ 0.23 mm) long, c. 3 ¥ (4/3 ¥) longer than wide; tarsomere 2 of protarsus 0.12 mm (0.15/ 0.20 mm) long, c. 2.0 ¥ (c. 2.5/2.8 ¥) longer than wide, apically truncate and not deeply excised; tarsomere 3 of protarsus c. 0.10 mm (0.12/ 0.16 mm) long, c. 1.3 ¥ (1.3/1.6 ¥) longer than wide; onychium of protarsus 0.20 mm (0.17/ 0.22 mm) long; insertion of onychium in centre of tarsomere 3, distance of cavity to tarsal edge basally and laterally subequal. Claws divaricate, simple. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrite 1 with concave margin bordering metacoxa, laterally wider than ventrite 2; at level of femoral articulation slightly shorter; following ventrites successively decreasing in length; ventrite 5 shorter than 4, apically rounded, base truncate; sutures between ventrites straight; venter sparsely setose with erect long setae. Side parts of ventrites opposing elytra sharply folded dorsad, vertical to ventral surface; relatively high ( Figs 23 View Figures 23–31 , 36). [Abdominal segment VI with spiracle ( Fig. 36).] Tergite VII basally with wing-folding patch, apically punctate and setose; probably fully covered by elytra if abdomen is not protruded. Sternite VIII partly visible on left side, subtriangular and laterally almost reaching tergite VIII.
Presumably female paratype (GPIH 4518, CGCG 1125) same as description of males except: total length from elytral apex to base of rostrum c. 2.9 mm. Head including rostrum 1.62 mm long; except rostrum 0.38 mm long. Figures 40–45. Rostrum in lateral view ( Fig. 43) weakly curved, 1.41 ¥ longer than pronotum (in dorsal aspect 1.06 mm); in dorsal view slightly widening from base to apex, subapically about 1.3 ¥ wider than in front of antennal insertion; dorsal surface in basal 2/3 with sparse shallow punctures; epistome ( Fig. 44) extended at middle, of subtrapezoid shape, medially and sublaterally this extension with shallow constrictions; from base to antennal insertion dorsally flattened, medially with furrow. Antenna. Total length 1.40 mm, length of club 0.31 mm. Insertion sublaterally in basal 1/9 of rostrum, 0.12 mm from base; article 2 of funicle more slender, c. 2.4 ¥ longer than wide; article 7 subovate, c. 1.8 ¥ longer than wide. Prothorax. Length 0.75 mm, width basally 0.70 mm, apically 0.52 mm, distinctly converging with nearly straight side; ventrally short, 0.24 mm. Elytra. Length 1.84 mm; width between humeri 1.00 mm; inferolateral fold apicad from flange of elytron present. Legs. Protibia (1.03 mm) 1.22 ¥ longer than profemur (0.84 mm); mesotibia (0.81 mm) as long as mesofemur (0.81 mm); metatibia (0.84 mm) shorter (0.95 ¥) than metafemur (0.88 mm). Tarsi. Length of protarsus 0.81 mm, mesotarsus and metatarsus 0.75 mm long. Tarsomere 1 of protarsus 0.31 mm long, c. 3.4 ¥ longer than wide; tarsomere 2 of protarsus 0.17 mm long, c. 1.9 ¥ longer than wide, apically truncate and not deeply excised; tarsomere 3 of protarsus c. 0.12 mm long, c. 1.1 ¥ longer than wide; onychium of protarsus 0.23 mm long. Abdomen. Sutures between ventrites in lateral aspect straight, in ventral aspect sutures appearing increasingly convex from base to apex.
Etymological note: This species is named after Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins (Hamburg, Germany), a couple with a great interest in the study of fossil Diptera . They provided the holotype of the described species and helped in its excellent preparation .
Notes: Besides the characters of the pronotum given in the differential diagnosis, B. hoffeinsorum Riedel sp. nov. and B. succinicus (Voss) also differ distinctly in body size ( B. succinicus : 2.0 mm; B. hoffeinsorum Riedel sp. nov.: 2.7–2.9 mm), the length of the rostrum ( B. succinicus : 0.98 ¥ as long as pronotum; B. hoffeinsorum Riedel sp. nov.: 1.02–1.41 ¥ longer than pronotum), and the shape of the antenna ( B. succinicus : terminal article of antennal club 1.5 ¥ longer than wide; B. hoffeinsorum Riedel sp. nov.: antenna more slender, terminal article of club 2.0 ¥ longer than wide). As these characters are often subject to sexual dimorphism in extant weevils and because the gender of the holotype of B. succinicus is unclear, I refrain from using these characters as diagnostic. The other characters given in the diagnosis (sculpture and vestiture of pronotum; length of onychia) are independent of sexual dimorphism in extant weevils and therefore require the specimens to be treated as four distinct species of Baltocar based on the available material.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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